Download - Chapter 1gp 1and 2
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Chapter 1
Guidepost 1 and 2
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Victor
Read the introductorysection on Victor theWild Boy of Aveyron.
Victor is an exampleof a feral child.Apparently Victorraised himself in the
wilds without careuntil the age ofapprox. 12.
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Victor
This is interesting to
scientists, particularly
to psychologists
because it allows forexamination of an
important and
controversial topic in
Psychology : NatureVS Nurture
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Victor
Nature-Nurture
Debate
The debate over the
extent to whichhuman behavior is
determined by
genetics and the
environment.
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Other ways Nature vs Nurture is
Studied Family Studies
Studies that estimate genetic influences throughsimilarities of family members who vary in theirdegree genetic relatedness
Twin-Study Method A method of testing nature and nurture by
comparing pairs of identical and fraternal twins ofthe same sex
Adoption Studies A method of testing nature and nurture by
comparing twins and other siblings rearedtogether with those separated by adoption
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Nature VS Nurture
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Nature VS Nurture
Genetic and environmental influences are
not independent.
Identical twins receive more similar treatment
from their parents compared to fraternal twins.
Peoples genetic makeup influences how
they are treated by others, the environments
in which they live, and the way they perceiveand recall the details of that environment.
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GP1. What is Human Development
and what are the principle steps inthe evolution of its study?
2 main topics are examined
How people change over time (what is
normal development in children)
Continuity in development
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Domains of Development
Physical Development
Body structures
Organs
Brain growth
The 5 senses
Motor Skills gross (large) and fine (small)
Strength
Reproductive system
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Domains of Development
Cognitive Development
Learning
Memory
Use of symbolism Language
Logical thought
Reasoning Numeracy
Literacy
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Domains of Development
Socioemotional (Pyschosocial)Development Attachments to others Self-awareness
Interest in others Independence Identity Self-concept
Self-esteem Personality relationships
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GP2 Wh t i th Lif S
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GP2 What is the Life Span
Developmental Approach and what
are its key principles Eight Periods of the life span
1. Prenatal (conception to birth)
2 )Infancy and Toddler: Birth to 3 Years3)Early Childhood: 3 to 6 Years4)Middle Childhood(School Age): 6 to 11
Years
5)Adolescence: 11 to 20Years6)Young adulthood: 20 to 407)Middle Adulthood: 40 to 658)Late Adulthood: 65 to Death
GP2 Wh t i th Lif S
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GP2 What is the Life Span
Developmental Approach and what
are its key principles Baltes key Principles of Life Span Development
4 Principles of the Lifespan Developmental
Approach (see page 10) Development is Lifelong
Development depends on history and context
Development is multidimensional &multidirectional
Development is pliable (plastic)
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Development is Lifelong
According to the life-spandevelopmentalperspective, developmentoccurs from conception to
death. Thus, one not onlydevelops prenatally, inchildhood, and inadolescence butthroughout the entirety of
one's life.
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Development depends on history
and context Dimensions of time must be
addressed when examining thehuman life cycle Life time isessentially chronological time asone moves through the lifecycle. It should be noted that life
time does not necessarilydetermine age status. Forexample, an individual may bedefined as an adult in oneculture but not in another. Socialtime is composed of age-gradednorms for behavior. As such,
social time is culturally defined.Historic time can be describedas the political, economic andsocial environments affect onthe life cycle.
D l t i
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Development is
multidimensional &
multidirectional By multidimensional we mean
that development is affected bymany intermingled factors, forexample biological,
psychological, and social forces. By multidirectional we mean that
development cansimultaneously proceed in morethan one direction. For instance,both physical strength and
cognitive ability can increase atthe same time. Dont forget thatmultidirectional not only includesincreases in growth andperformance occur, butdecreases as well.
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Development is plastic or pliable
Plasticity is the term
researchers use to
emphasize that
development is highly
flexible throughout
development.
Many of our abilitiesare modifiable through
training/practice
throughout life