Download - Chapter 15 Measurement
![Page 1: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 15 Measurement
![Page 2: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Contemporary Measurement Systems
![Page 3: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Measurement SystemsThere are two commonly used systems of measurement today: the U.S customary system and the metric system.
![Page 4: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
U.S. Customary System The U.S. Customary system of measurement is in many cases, difficult to work with because of the odd relations between the various units.
Primarily due to long the historical development of the system.
![Page 6: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
U.S. Customary System As we examine the table, we are unable to identify a clear and logical pattern of relations among the various units.
![Page 7: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The growth of science and industry in the eighteenth century, however, required an efficient and convenient way to measure length, weight, and volume. The metric system of measurement was created.
![Page 8: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Almost all countries of the world have adopted the metric system and made it the official system of measurement.
![Page 9: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
International System of units
The metric system has evolved over the decades and has been modified into what it is today.The metric system, called le system international d’unites, is known as SI.SI provides eighth basic units listed in the table below
![Page 10: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The basic metric units are meters (for length), grams (for mass or weight), and liters (for volume). In elementary and middle school measurement, we commonly teach only length, capacity, mass, temperature, and time.
![Page 12: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The basic unit of linear measurement (length) in the metric system is the meter
![Page 13: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The other units of length in the metric system are related to the meter by powers of ten.The names of the units of length based on the meter are composed of two parts, the base meter and a prefix that indicates the relation of the unit to the meter
![Page 14: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
For example kilo is a prefix meaning “one thousand”
So the term kilometer designates a unit of length equal to one thousand meters
![Page 15: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
http://www.mathsisfun.com/measure/metric-area.html
![Page 18: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ConversionBecause the units of the metric system are related in a simple and logical way by powers of ten, it is easy to change from one to another. We need only to multiply or divide by the appropriate power of ten.
![Page 19: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
You can convert between the various different sizes by merely moving the decimal point the correct number of places.
![Page 21: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
There are many metric-unit prefixes, but the usual ones required in school are these: kilo-, hecto-, deka-, deci-, centi-, and milli-. To convert between the various prefixes, and thus the variously-sized units, you just move up and down this list of prefixes, moving the decimal point as you go.
![Page 22: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
To remember the prefixes in order, you can use the following sentence:King Henry Doesn't [Usually] Drink Chocolate Milk
kilo- hecto- deka- [unit] deci- centi- milli-
![Page 23: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Covert 12.5 Kilometers to Centimeters
How many jumps is it from “kilo” to “centi” Kilo- Hecta- deka- {unit} deci- centi- milli-
1 32 54
So I move the decimal point five places to the right, filling in the extra space with zeroes
![Page 24: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Let’s Fill in the Decimal Points
1 2 5 4 0000
![Page 25: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
12.54 kilometers = 1,254,000 cm
![Page 26: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Two farmhouses that are 1300 meters apart.Suppose we want to express this distance in kilometers. We know that 1000 meters is equal to 1 kilometer and that each meter is equal to of a kilometer. Therefore we can multiply 1300 by or (0.01) and obtain 1.3, which is the distance between the 2 farmhouses in kilometers.
![Page 28: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ConversionThe U.S. Customary system, however it is much more cumbersome to change units.
![Page 29: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Suppose, for example, that 2 farmhouses are 1.3 miles apart and that we wish to express this distance in feet.
There are 5280 feet in one mile. So, we must multiply 1.3 by 5280 to find the distance in feet between the 2 farmhouses.
![Page 30: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1 mile = 5280 feet1.3 miles = 1.3 5280 =6864 feet 5280 1.31584.4 (.3 ) 5280 (1 5280)6868.0
![Page 31: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
To convert 1.3 miles into 6864 feet we had to perform a three-step mathematical operation.
Converting one metric measure to another measure is a process that often requires only a minimal amount of mental mathematics.
![Page 32: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Even though the conversion of measurement within a given system of measure is essential, conversion of measurement from system to a different system is not normally taught as part of the elementary school mathematics. Usually if a measure is given in metrics units, the calculating will also be done in metric measure.
![Page 33: Chapter 15 Measurement](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062504/568164cd550346895dd6f0f2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)