Chapter 15 Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation
US Land Acquisitions 1803-1853
15.2 The Louisiana Territory Farmers settling west of Appalachians wanted to float
crops down Mississippi through port of New Orleans Louisiana Territory from Mississippi all the way to
Rocky Mountains; owned by France Napoleon wanted to use land for French farmers
“A Noble Bargain” Two problems emerge for France
France lost colonies in Caribbean; no need for Louisiana France and Great Britain on brink of war; did not want to lose land to British
Sold for $15 million
The Purchase Debate Opponents of the purchase
Impossible to govern such a large nation Did not have the money to buy Jefferson went beyond his Constitutional rights as president
Ratified in Congress in 1803
Manifest DestinyThe idea that the United States
had the right/duty to expand westward in North America
15.3 Florida Spanish unwilling to sell Florida Southern farmers upset by Seminole raids Andrew Jackson enters Florida to protect
farmers, creates problems Monroe sends message (advice from John
Quincy Adams) “Govern Florida properly, or get out”
Spain fearful of war, cedes Florida for $5 million Still keeps Texas
15.4 Texas Land of Texas valuable because of cotton Stephen F. Austin settles in Texas (then
owned by Mexico) with “Old Three Hundred”
Tensions between American settlers and Tejanos (Texans of Mexican descent) Mexico closes Texas to US immigration
Stephen F. Austin goes to plead with General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna; thrown in jail
The Alamo Santa Anna kills 180 Texan volunteers; Davy
Crockett Sam Houston draws Santa Anna east;
surprise attack and Anna is captured Texas becomes independent
Polk annexes Texas 10 years later
15.5 Oregon Country Great Britain vs. US for control Claimed by Lewis and Clark Early settlers were missionaries
Pioneers followed when vast fertile land was discovered Polk did not want to risk war to claim territory
Used the 49th parallel as a boundary
15.6 The Mexican-American War Polk’s main goal: expand US west Tensions rise after annexation of Texas
Mexicans fire on US troops near Rio Grande, starting the Mexican-American War
General Stephen Curry leads an army that occupies New Mexico Little to no opposition
John C. Fremont rebels and takes over California
Zachary Taylor leads troops into Mexico He and General Winfield Scott fight their way
to Mexico City and seize capital Sign Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo giving
them west of Texas, see map Bought land for $15 million and protected
Mexicans living in lands
Chapter 16 Life in the West
16.2 Explorers Lewis and Clark Expedition
Left in 1804 Contact Indians interested in trade Find the Northwest Passage Find out what the US got with Louisiana Purchase
Up the Missouri River Made camp in North Dakota A fur trapper (Shoshone) joined with his wife Sacagawea
To the Pacific and Back Reach Rockies in summer of 1805 Meet Sacagawea’s brother who provides them materials Reached Pacific in winter of 1805
Explorer’s legacy Mapped route to Pacific Established relations with Western Indians
16.3 The Californios Junipero Serra, Spanish
missionary, looked to convert Indians to Catholicism Created missions from San
Diego to San Francisco Missions to convert were deadly California came under Mexican
control, turned land into ranchos Ranchos were massive, most
important resource was cattle ranching
US took California in war with Mexico
16.4 The Mountain MenLewis and Clark reinvigorated the fur tradeAdventurous men looking for money
had to combat dangersIndiansBearsFur thieves
Their adventures also helped explore/settle the West
16.5 Missionaries Indian group Nez Perce sent party
to St. Louis about “black book” Missionaries set out on Oregon
Trail to move west Difficulties but ultimately promise
with conversion of Nez Perce chiefs Many Americans joined westward
movement Brought with them weapons,
tools and disease Missionaries were remembered for
opening up the west to settlement
16.6 The Pioneer Women Women expected to do same work at home, on the trail
Wash clothes, cook, take care of kids Women had to face dangers like disease, stampedes,
Indian attacks All of these hardships helped changed status of women
Many went on to teach Indians they encountered Women were strong and necessary to keep families together
16.7 The Mormons Brigham Young helped form
settlement in modern day Utah Many Mormons were persecuted
in the east, so moved west Young helps develop church while
adapting to new environment First to occupy Great Basin;
pioneered new farming and irrigation systems out west
16.8 The Forty-Niners Gold discovered in California, many rush West to find fortune Started in 1849, those who moved called forty-niners
Settlers included Americans, Chinese, Australians, South Americans Most were men
Due to huge increase in populations growth in… Mines Crime Prices
Mining was very difficult and tedious After a few years, the gold dried up
16.9 The Chinese More than 20,000 Chinese
had ventured across the Pacific to California
Welcomed at first but as gold dried up and jobs were scarce they were persecuted
Most stayed in US and helped develop WestMiningFarmingfactories