![Page 1: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 14
Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering
![Page 2: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Section 1
DNA Recombination
![Page 3: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DNA recombination
• Homologous Recombination
• Conjugation
• Transformation
• Transduction
• Site-specific Recombination
• Transposition
![Page 4: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
§1.1 homologous Recombination
• Homologous recombination occurs between identical or nearly identical sequences. It is also called general recombination.
![Page 5: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DNA invading(recA)
Branch migration
(recA)
DNA ligase
5´ 3´
5´3´5´
3´
5´3´
5´ 3´
5´ 3´
5´3´
5´3´
5´ 3´
5´ 3´
5´3´5´3´
5´3´
5´ 3´
5´ 3´
5´3´
5´3´
3´5´
5´ 3´
5´3´
5´3´
Holiday intermediate
5´ 3´
5´ 3´
5´3´5´3´
endonuclease
(recBCD)
endonuclease
(recBCD)
![Page 6: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
5´ 3´
5´ 3´
5´3´5´3´
5´
3´
5´
3´
5´
3´
5´3´
Holliday intermediate
![Page 7: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
5´3´
5´
5´5´
3´
3´
3´
5´ 5´
5´5´
3´
3´
3´
3´5´3´
5´
5´5´
3´
3´
3´
5´ 5´
5´5´
3´
3´
3´
3´5´3´
5´
5´5´
3´
3´
3´
endonuclease
(ruvC)
endonuclease
(ruvC)
DNA ligase DNA ligase
patch recombinant
splice recombinant
![Page 8: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Bacterial Conjugation has been defined
as the transmission of genetic information
from a donor bacterium to a recipient cell
through cell-to-cell contact.
§1.2 Conjugation
![Page 9: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Conjugation process
![Page 10: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Conjugation process
![Page 11: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Conjugation process
![Page 12: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
§1.3 Transformation
Introduction of an exogenous DNA into a cell, causing the cell to acquire a new phenotype.
![Page 13: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
DNA
Transformation
![Page 14: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Transformation experiment of Strept
ococcus pneumoniae
![Page 15: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
§1.4 Transduction
• Transduction is the transfer of DNA
fragments from one bacterium to an
other bacterium by a bacteriophage.
![Page 16: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Transduction
![Page 17: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Site-specific recombination occurs at a specific DNA sequence.
• The first example was found in the integration between DNA and E. coli DNA.
§1.5 Site-specific Recombination
![Page 20: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
λDNA integration
![Page 21: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
P1 H1P2hin H2 ×è¶ô»ùÒò
DNA
P1 H1
P2
hin H2 ×è¶ô»ùÒò
H segment H1 flagellin
H2 flagellin
repressor
P2
P2
hix hix
Phase variation of Salmonella typhimurium flagella
Hin
rH1
rH1
![Page 22: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Recombination activating gene enzyme
(RAG1 and RAG2)
CACAGTG (12/23) ACAAAAACC
GTGTCAC TGTTTTTGG
RSS
Recombination signal sequence (RSS)
![Page 25: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
§1.6 Transposition
• Transposition is the movement of specific pieces of DNA in the genome.
• Transposition resembles site-specific recombination being catalyzed by special enzymes.
![Page 27: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
insertion sequences (IS) including:
inverted repeats (IR) : 9~41bp
transposase gene
repeated sequences : 4~12bp
IS Transposition
Transposase gene
![Page 28: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
types of IS transposition
• duplicative transposition
• Conservative transposition
![Page 29: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
duplicative transposition
![Page 30: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Conservative transposition
![Page 31: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
transposon
• Insertion sequence + another gene (usually antibiotic gene)
Transposase gene tet-R gene
![Page 32: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Transposons Transposition
![Page 33: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Section 2
Recombinant DNA Technology
![Page 35: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Clone
A clone is defined as a number of ident
ical copy (molecules, cells or individua
ls) all derived from a common ancestor.
Also named asexual multiplication.
§2.1 Correlative concepts
![Page 36: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
DNA Cloning
DNA cloning involves separating a spe
cific gene or segment of DNA from its l
arger chromosome and attaching it to
a small molecule of carrier DNA, then r
eplicating this modified DNA thousand
s or even millions of times.
![Page 37: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Recombinant DNA technology
• By artificial means, when a gene of one species is transferred to another living organism, it is called recombinant DNA technology. In common parlance, this is known as genetic engineering.
![Page 39: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
• restriction endonucleases
• DNA polymeraseⅠ• reverse transcriptase
• DNA ligase
• Alkaline phosphatase
• terminal transferase
• Taq DNA polymerase
Applications in enzymology
![Page 40: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
It can recognize special sequences and cleave DNA at these specific base sequences.
Type II can recognize palindrome sequences.
Restriction endonuclease
GGGGAATTCCCCCCCCTTAAGGGG
![Page 41: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Palindrome
• Palindrome is also called inverted repeat sequence, which means the nucleotide sequence in 5′to 3′direction is the same in both strands.
![Page 42: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
sticky ends
EcoRⅠ 5’…GAATTC…3’ 5’…G AATTC…3’3’…CTTAAG…5’ 3’…CTTAA G…5’
PstⅠ 5’…CTGCAG…3’ 5’…CTGCA G…3’3’…GACGTC…5’ 3’…G ACGTC…5’
blunt ends
Hae Ⅲ 5’…GGCC…3’ 5’…GG CC…3’3’…CCGG…5’ 3’…CC GG…5’
Sticky end and Blunt end
![Page 43: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Vector
• The term “vector” here refers to some DNA molecules that can carry a DNA fragment into a host cell for replication.
• Including: plasmids, Bacteriophages DNA, virus DNA ……
![Page 45: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Vectors used in molecular cloning
Vector Insert (and host) Characteristics size rang
e
Plasmid Small circular DNA <5 - 10 kb (bacteria, yeast)
Bacteriophage λ Linear viral DNA up to ~20 kb (bacteria)
Cosmid Hybrid of plasmid up to ~50 kb (bacteria) and phage
Yeast artificial DNA containing yeast ~200 tochromosome (YAC) centromere, telomeres, ~1000 kb (yeast) and origins of replication
![Page 46: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
plasmid
• Plasmids are small, circular molecules
of DNA that exist outside the main
bacterial chromosome and carry their
own genes for specialized functions.
![Page 47: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Plasmid
![Page 48: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
ori
4363bp
![Page 49: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Phage
• phage DNA:
gt phages: Insertion type vector
EMBL phages: replacement type vector
• M13 phage:
M13mp and pUC
![Page 50: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
EMBL phages
![Page 51: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
§2 Recombinant DNA Technology
![Page 52: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
• Isolation of target gene
• Selection and construction of vectors
• Ligation of target DNA and vector
• Transformation of target gene into receptor cell
• Screening for recombinant plasmids
• Expressing a cloned gene
Process of cloning
![Page 53: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Process of DNA cloning
![Page 54: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
§2.1 Isolation of target gene
1. Chemical synthesis
only for simple polypeptide chain whose primary structure is clear.
2. Obtaining from genomic DNA library
3. Obtaining from cDNA library4. polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
![Page 55: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The genomic DNA library is a collection of the comprehensive DNA fragments representing the entire genome of a species.
![Page 56: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The cDNA library represents the population of mRNAs, it only contains the exons of protein’s structural genes.
mRNA
Reverse transcripase
cDNA
replication
dscDNA
vector
recombinate DNA
E. coli
recombinate DNA in E.coli
![Page 57: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Preparation of cDNA library
![Page 58: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Polymerase Chain Reaction
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid and versatile in vitro method for amplifying DNA.
![Page 59: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
PCR reaction system
• DNA template
• A pair of primers
• DNA polymerase (Taq)
• dNTPs
• Mg2+-containing buffer
![Page 60: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Procedures of PCR
• Denaturing: the template DNA is denatured to become ssDNA from dsDNA by heating.
• Annealing: this step allows the hybridization of the primers with target DNA.
• Extension: this process is the DNA synthesis step.
![Page 61: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
ing
![Page 62: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
The first three cycles of PCR
![Page 63: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
A few commonly used vectors :
plasmid
phage
cosmid
yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)
§2.2 Selection and construction of vectors
![Page 64: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
GGATCCCCTAGG
GGATCCCCTAGG
GCCTAG
GATCCG
GCCTAG
GATCCG
DNA ligase
GCCTAG
GATCCG
§2.3 Ligation of target DNA and vectors
1. Ligation of sticky end
![Page 65: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
2. Ligation of blunt ends
3. The addition of a homopolymer tail
![Page 66: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Adding a sequence of DNA fragment, which contains the cleavage site for restriction endonuclease.
4. Artificial linker
![Page 67: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Artificial linker
![Page 68: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
§2.4 Introduction of recombinant
DNA into recipient cell
• Introduction:
transformation
transfection
infection
![Page 69: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
• Safe host bacteria
• Endonuclease and recombinase defi
ciency
• Competent cells.
Recipient cells
![Page 70: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
§2.5 Screening for recombinant
• Screen of antibiotic resistance markers
• Marker rescue (Insertion inactivation)
• In situ hybridization and
autoradiography
direct selection
![Page 71: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Antibiotic resistance genes
![Page 72: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
direct selection
The procedure to form recombinant DNA
![Page 73: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Screen of antibiotic resistance markers
![Page 74: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Marker rescue
![Page 75: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
In situ hybridization and
autoradiography
![Page 76: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
§2.6 Expression of the cloned gene
An expression vector is similar to clonin
g vectors, but with a major difference: th
e expression vector must contain a pro
moter so that proteins can be expressed.
![Page 77: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Expression vector
![Page 78: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
• eukaryotic expression
• prokaryotic expression
Gene expression include:
![Page 79: Chapter 14 Genetic Recombination and Genetic Engineering](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061600/5697c02b1a28abf838cd8a27/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)