Download - Chapter 13 Section 2
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Chapter 13 Section 2
Feudalism and the Manorial System
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Feudalism
900s: most of Europe was governed by local lords
This political and social organization led by these independent leaders became known
as feudalism
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FEUDALISM
KING
LORD
KNIGHTS
PEASANTS
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Feudalism
A noble grants land to a lesser noble– In return gets loyalty, military assistance,
and other servicesFief: grant of land given by a lordVassal- person who receives the grantThe vassal could divide his land and
give it to knights – then the vassal becomes a lord
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FeudalismPrimogeniture- a system of
inheritance from father to oldest sonWomen may receive land in a dowry
– Remains the property of her husbandLords: vassals to the kingMedieval church also practiced
feudalism – granted fiefs in return for military
protection and service
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Manorial System
Economic system; large farming estates that included manor houses, cultivated lands, woodlands, pastures, fields, and villages
Self sufficient societies: food, clothing, and shelter
Peasants: – worked the land -shared crops – provided services -paid taxes
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Manorial SystemLocated along a
stream or river for water power
Houses surround the castle for safety
The village, vegetable plots, cultivated fields, pastures, and forests make up the outer area
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Peasant Life Serfs- peasants;
could not leave the land w/o the lord’s permission
Work: long hrs. in fields
Meals- black bread, lentils, some vegetables
Short life expectancies
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Castles
Fortified base for the lord to protect the surrounding country side
Structures made of earth and wood, stone Usually built on hills
– If on flat land a moat was built The “keep”: a strong tower with workshops, barracks, and the lord’s living quarters
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Warfare
Knights wore armor in battle and were heavily armed
Chain mail- small interlocking metal links
Iron helmets, a sword, large shield, and a lance
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Feudal Justice Trial by battle- a duel between accuser
and accused; determined guilt or innocence
Compurgation- supporters swear that their person was telling the truth
Trial by ordeal- accused had to either:– carry a piece of hot iron
– plunge his hand in a pot of boiling water
– survive extended immersion in cold water
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Brazen Bull
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The Coffin
The Rack
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Judas Cradle
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The Pear of Anguish
The Brank
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The Chair
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The Head Crusher
The Saw
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Chivalry
A system of rules that dictated knights’ behavior towards others
Young boys work as pages/squires under a knight– Learn knightly manners and care for
weapons– Takes care of the knight’s horse, armor,
and weapons If the squire proves himself in battle=
knight
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Code of Chivalry Be courageous in battle Loyal to friends and keep his word Courteous to women and the less powerful Required to extend courtesy only to his
own class
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Coat of Arms (Heraldry)
A graphic symbol that identified a knight -Represented his personal characteristics in battle
Painted or stitched onto the knight’s shield, his outer coat, or his horse’s trappings
Passed on through the generations
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Royal Spanish Coat of Arms
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Prince Charles of Wales
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City of Pittsburgh