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Chapter 12 Section 2Roosevelt and the New
Deal
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►Main Idea:
►After becoming president, Franklin D. Roosevelt took many actions to fight the Great Depression
►Why It Matters Now:
►Roosevelt increased government’s role in helping needy Americans and regulating the financial industry
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Chapter 12 Section 2 Objectives
► 1. To describe Roosevelt’s immediate attempts to improve conditions for Americans
► 2. To evaluate criticisms of the New Deal
► 3. To identify the Social Security Act and other programs of the New Deal
► 4. To explain Roosevelt's efforts to change the Supreme court
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Roosevelt Takes Charge
► FDR took office in March of 1933.► The new president differed from Hoover in two
important ways.► 1. He gave Americans a sense of hope► 2. He was willing to try new ideas and change the
way government worked.► He was determined to fight the depression.
► Roosevelt took three “quick” steps to get the publics confidence.
► 1. Declared a bank holiday► 2. He promised that only the banks that were in
good shape would reopen.► 3. He gave fireside chats which were radio
addresses by Roosevelt in which he tried to calm peoples’ fears
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FDR
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What steps did Roosevelt take to boost
public confidence?
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He shut down all banks; promised that only
healthy banks would reopen; delivered
fireside chats
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The Hundred Days
► During his presidential campaign, FDR had pledged a “new deal” for Americans. This phrase caught on. The New Deal were programs to fight off the Great Depression.
► Hundred Days- Name given to a famous session of Congress that passed much of Roosevelt’s New Deal
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Goals of the New Deal
►1. Relief for the hungry and jobless
►2. Recovery for agriculture and industry.
►3. Reforms to change the way the economy worked
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Responses to the New Deal
► Did Americans favor the New Deal?
► Some conservatives thought the New Deal went to far. They did not want the federal government to grow larger.
► Still most Americans supported FDR and his efforts. Voters showed their support during the 1934 congressional election. They sent more Democrats to Congress than ever before!
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How did voters show their support for the
New Deal?
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Answer
They increased the number of Democrats in Congress during
the 1934 elections.
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The Second New Deal
How did African-Americans feel about Roosevelt?
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AnswerBefore this election, most African-
Americans voted for the Republicans. This was the party of Abraham Lincoln
who had emancipated the slaves.They liked the fact that Roosevelt
helped the poor
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The Second New Deal
►One group that Roosevelt tried to help was the elderly. Bank closings and the stock market crash had left many old people with no savings.
► In 1935 congress passed the Social Security Act. Under this act, workers and employers paid money into a special fund. That fund would pay them an income after they retired.
►The Second New Deal- depression fighting programs passed in 1935.
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The Second New Deal
► In 1936, Roosevelt ran for a second term. Business leaders did not want to reelect him. They were afraid he would raise taxes. But many working-class people liked FDR.
►This group included African Americans.
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Why did African-Americans support
Roosevelt?
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Answer
Because many of Roosevelt’s programs helped the poor
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Roosevelt fights the Supreme Court & The New Deal Slows
Down► Roosevelt won
reelection in 1936. His presidency soon took a downward turn. Most of the justices of the Supreme Court did not support FDR’S programs. They believed that the New Deal gave the government too much power.
► As a result, they struck down many New Deal laws.
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Why did the Supreme Court oppose the New
Deal?
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Answer
Because they believed that the New Deal gave the
federal government too much power.
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Roosevelt fights the Supreme Court & The New Deal Slows
Down►Since many of his ideas were canceled, FDR
tried to add more judges to the Supreme Court. He then planned to appoint justices that liked his programs.
►Both Republicans and Democrats opposed the plan. They said it hurt the system of checks and balances.
► In the end Congress voted down the programs
►Deficit spending- using borrowed money to pay for government programs
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Why did Congress vote down FDR’s plan to add
more judges to the Supreme Court?
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Answer
Because it thought the plan upset the U.S. Constitution‘s
system of checks and balances.
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http://newdeal.feri.org/