Chapter 12 Notes
Section 1 Notes – Cold War BeginsSection 2 Notes – The Korean WarSection 3 Notes – Cold War ExpansionSection 4 Notes – Cold War at Home
Jumpstart Assignment
None, you will turn in your jumpstarts today.
THE COLD WARBEGINS
VS.
WHY WAS THE SOVIET UNION AND THE US ENEMIES?
Potsdam Conference
Communism• Government controlled• Control religion• Control movement• Control job• Control business – government determines
what is made, when it is made, who makes it• No individual rights• Government controls every aspect of the
economy• Protects worker
Capitalist• Free enterprise – people choose occupation
– Freedom to begin own business• Freedom to fail• CHOICE• Little to no government intervention
Communism = badCapitalism = good
Roots of the Cold War• How did WW2 end? What was the state of the
world following the war?– The Yalta Conference– Potsdam
• The Soviet Union occupies most of Eastern Europe , Germany and Berlin are split in two.
–These countries become satellite states (controlled by the Soviet Union)
–Soviet world conquest?
Meeting the Soviet Challenge• Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech challenges
Great Britain and America to meet the Soviet aggression.
• Truman meets the challenge with Truman Doctrine – financial aid to nations struggling to fend off communist movements
Containment Policy• Author “X” (George F. Keenan) encourages
containment – keeping communism contained within its existing borders.
• 1948 - Secretary of State George Marshall outlines Marshall Plan – over 4 years, the U.S. gives over $13 billion in aid to Western Europe.
Marshall Plan
The Cold War Heats Up• Berlin becomes the front line of the Cold War.• Stalin blockades West Berlin • Britain and U.S. supply West Berlin in the Berlin
Airlift.• Rival Alliances:
– NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization – sets up a policy of collective security - an attack on one, is an attack on all.
– Warsaw Pact
Jumpstart Assignment• Predict: Why is the Cold War considered
“cold?” Why did the Cold War never become “hot?”
Communists in China• China is in the middle of a civil war following
the end of WW2.• Jiang Jieshi or (Chaing Kai-skek) – Nationalist
leader of China• Mao Zedong – led communist revolution in
China
Who wins in China?• Soviets commit billions of dollars to the peoples
revolution.• Americans commit billions to Jiang Jieshi.• Nationalist take America aid and pocket it, while
Mao promises to feed the people. • Jieshi flees to Taiwan
The Korean War (1950 - ?)
• Soviets – North Korea – Communist
• US – South Korea– Democratic
• 38th parallel– UN involvement– Soviet boycott of
Security Council
American’s in Korea• June 1949 – American’s exit Korea• June 25, 1950 – North Korea crosses the
38th parallel• UN agrees to repel the invasion, Truman
sends in American forces.• General Douglas MacArthur – takes
command of American forces.
June 25, 1950
July 1950
September 15, 1950
November 24, 1950
• Overconfidence led to proclamation
• Chinese would and could not get involved
• Goal: Drive to Yalu River.
Home by Christmas
• Wants Chinese opposition to attack mainland
• Truman fears Asian war• MacArthur circumvents president• MacArthur returns home a hero.
Truman fires MacArthur
Jan 10th, 1951
July 27th, 1953
Eisenhower
• Vows to end the war, and threatens the use of nuclear weapons.
Lessons from the War• Truman commits w/o Congress declaration
of war.• Increased military spending.• SEATO – Southeast Asian Treaty
Organization
Jumpstart AssignmentAnswer after watching the video: Do you think living in the Cold War would have been a scary, interesting, or fun time to live in America?
Group Work/Presentations• Directions:
– Read the section that refers to your question(s).– Prepare a presentation to teach your term(s) to
the class. Be sure to answer all questions from your chapter or section.
– Add something from that section/chapter that you think may be important/interesting for your classmates to know.
– Create a visual aid as part of your presentation for your chapter (skit, drawing, illustration, etc.)
B-29 Super Fortress Bomber
Nevada Test Site
Nuclear Test Site
Nuclear Test Site
Nuclear Stockpiles
Khrushchev and Eisenhower
Hungary vs. Soviet Union – 1956 Olympics
Suez Crisis
Sputnik 1 and 2
Laika – Sputnik 2
Cold War Inventions
Fall Out Shelters
Fall Out Shelter
Duck and Cover
Jumpstart Assignment• I will read a statement, then you will need to
answer the question: What does it mean for someone to be “un-American?”
Worrying About Communism• Worry about communism abroad and at home
caused Americans to tune in to the news.• The Red Scare or fear that communists were
working to destroy American life gripped the United States.
• In 1940, the Truman administration used the Smith Act to cripple the communist party – a law that made in unlawful to teach or advocate violent overthrow of the U.S. government.
The Witch Hunt in Congress• In 1938, Congress created the House Un-
American Activities Committee (HUAC) to investigate activities of communists and fascists.
• Hollywood Ten were a group of left-wing writers, producers and directors who refused to answer questions regarding their political beliefs.– At the trial, a blacklist was circulated of
entertainment figures who should not be hired because of their suspected communist ties.
Spy CasesAlger Hiss Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg
Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyism• In Feb. 1950, gave a speech in which he
charged that the State Department was infested with communist agents.
• McCarthyism became a catchword for extreme, reckless charges.
• Being accused by McCarthy is some cases was grounds enough to get you fired and ruin your reputation.