Goals for Chapter 11…
Describe where Earth’s water resources are located.
How is Earth’s water a limited resource?
How can we manage our water resources better?
What are the main causes and impacts of water pollution?
It is sacred to some : The Maya believed natural wells, such as the on pictured here, in Mexico's Yucatán, led to the underworld.
Section 1: Water Resources
GOALS: Describe the location of water on
Earth’s surface. How does the water cycle “work?” Explain why freshwater is a limited
resource. TERMS: surface water, river system,
watershed, groundwater, aquifer, porosity, permeability, recharge zone, water cycle
Water Cycle
The continual process by which water moves through living and nonliving parts of our world.
Solar Powered Renewable
Resource “Steps” followed
Where is water found?
• 71% of earth is covered in water• 97% of that is in oceans• Most of the remaining 3% fresh, mainly in ice caps and glaciers
Surface Water Fresh water on
Earth’s land Rivers Lakes Streams Ponds
Critical for: drinking, transportation, waste removal, industry, food, farming, recreation
Delaware RiverWhere does all that water come from???
Watershed: an area of land that is drained by a single river
• How can a farmer in NY State Impact drinking water in NJ?
• Who should set pollution laws at LOCAL, SATE, or FEDERAL levels?
Mississippi River Watershed is the largest in U.S.How does a cattle farmer in Montana potentially impact a shrimp fisherman in Louisiana?
RIVER SYSTEM – flowing network of water
Groundwater
Water beneath Earth’s surface, located in rocks, sediment and soil
Wanaque’s tap water How does it get
there? How can we use
it?
Permeable vs. Impermeable
The ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it
Sand and gravel are permeable
Clay and blacktop are impermeable
WELLS
•A hole dug or drilled to reach groundwater• purified• can run dry if water pumped out faster than recharged
Section 1 REVIEW
Describe the location of water on Earth’s surface.
How does the water cycle “work?” Explain why freshwater is a limited
resource. TERMS: surface water, river system,
watershed, groundwater, aquifer, porosity, permeability, recharge zone, water cycle
Section 2 : Water Use and Management
GOALS: Identify how water is used in home,
industry and agriculture. Explain how and why water is treated
before coming to your home. Describe ways to increase water supplies Identify ways to conserve water TERMS: potable, pathogen, dam,
reservoir, desalinization
Aylito Binayo's feet know the mountain. Even at four in the morning she can run down the rocks to the river by starlight alone and climb the steep mountain back up to her village with 50 pounds of water on her back. She has made this journey three times a day for nearly all her 25 years. So has every other woman in her village of Foro, in the Konso district of southwestern Ethiopia. Binayo dropped out of school when she was eight years old, in part because she had to help her mother fetch water from the Toiro River. The water is dirty and unsafe to drink; every year that the ongoing drought continues, the once mighty river grows more exhausted. But it is the only water Foro has ever had.
How Much Water Is Needed
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/embedded-water/
Making Water Safe
Potable: safe to drink
Most water needs to be treated
Pathogens: organisms that cause diseases
Bacteria, viruses, worms
Uses of Water
Agriculture: 67% of
worldwide water use
Irrigation: providing water to plants
80 gallons to produce 1 ear of corn
1 lb. beef = 1,000 gal.
LOTS OF WATER Highly inefficient
Water Management
Humans have altered water flow for thousands of years
Dams, canals, pipes, towers bring water to where it is needed
Dams and Reservoirs
Reservoir: an artificial lake often behind a dam
Dams: Flood control Recreation Supply water Generate
electricity
Large lossesof water throughevaporation
Large lossesof water throughevaporation
Flooded land destroys forests or cropland anddisplaces people
Flooded land destroys forests or cropland anddisplaces people
Downstream flooding is reducedDownstream flooding is reduced
Downstream cropland andestuaries are deprived ofnutrient-rich silt
Downstream cropland andestuaries are deprived ofnutrient-rich silt
Reservoir is useful for recreation and fishing
Can produce cheap electricity (hydropower)
Migration and spawning of some fish are disruptedMigration and spawning of some fish are disrupted
Provides waterfor year-roundirrigation ofcropland
Pros and Cons of Dams
Water Conservation
Fastest, easiest way to increase water supplies is to use less water
Agriculture – drip irrigation
Industry - recycling At home – change
habits
What are some ways you can conserve water?
Desalinization
Removing salt from salt water
Has a lot of promise
Very energy intensive
Very expensive What to do with
waste? Future?
Transport water from other regions
Greece – large plastic bags filled with water bring fresh water to port
Alaska has almost ½ of the water in the US – source for water in CA?
Section 2 Review
Identify how water is used in home, industry and agriculture.
Explain how and why water is treated before coming to your home.
Describe ways to increase water supplies
Identify ways to conserve water TERMS: potable, pathogen, dam,
reservoir, desalinization
Section 3: Water PollutionGOALS:
Compare point-sources and non-point sources of water pollution
Describe the 5 classifications of water pollution
Explain why it is difficult to clean up groundwater
What does the Clean Water Act do? TERMS: water pollution, point-
source, non-point source, wastewater, biomagnification, thermal pollution, artificial eutrophication
What is Water Pollution?
Water Pollution: the introduction of chemical, physical, or biological substances that affects organisms that depend upon it
Many types of water pollution
Point-Source Pollution
Pollution coming from one single place Leaking tanker Pipe from a factory Leaking
underground storage tank
Easily to ID and trace
Nonpoint-Source Pollution
Comes from various sources that are hard to identify and may be spread over a large area Runoff from farms Runoff from cities Hard to ID Hard t o control HUGE PROBLEM
NONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Point vs Non-Point
Types of Water Pollution1) Wastewater
Water that flows down the drain What’s in it? Where does it go?
(out-of-sight, out-of-mind)
Is it harmful? Can it be used?
2) Eutrophication
Too many nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) in the water causes algal blooms and decreased oxygen in water Causes “dead
zones” in water Little or no oxygen
3) Thermal Pollution
Occurs when temperature of water rises rapidly Power plants Factories cooling
equipment Causes fish kills Decreases oxygen
in water
4) Groundwater Pollution
Pollution that percolates down from land or surface water pollution Fertilizers Pesticides Many leaking
underground tanks
5) Ocean PollutionPollutants directly
or indirectly put into oceans Oil spills Runoff River pollution Cruise Ships Development along
coasts Increasingly a
problem
Cleaning Up Water Pollution
1969 Cuyahoga River in Cleveland caught fire
1972 Congress passes Clean Water Act
1970s Environmental Activism/Awareness
Cleaning Up Water Pollution
Clean Water Act of 1972 was to “restore and maintain the physical, chemical and biological integrity of the nation’s water.”
Fishable and Swimable Better, but… still many polluted water
bodies
Section 3 Review
GOALS: Compare point-sources and non-point
sources of water pollution Describe the 5 classifications of water
pollution Explain why it is difficult to clean up
groundwater What does the Clean Water Act do? TERMS: water pollution, point-source,
non-point source, wastewater, biomagnification, eutrophication, thermal pollution
Chapter 11 Review
Describe where Earth’s water resources are located.
How is Earth’s water a limited resource?
How can we manage our water resources better?
What are the main causes and impacts of water pollution?