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Chapter 11“The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism”
AP EUROPEAN HISTORYMR. RICK PURRINGTON
MARSHALL HIGH SCHOOL
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The Age of Napoleon
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I.The Age of Napoleon Begins “He was like an expert chess player, with the human race for an
opponent, which he proposed to checkmate.”~ description of Napoleon Bonaparte
A.Young Napoleon1. 20yrs old when revolution
started, ambitious military lieutenant
2. Supported the Jacobins, very outspoken
3. Early military successes- defeated Br at Toulon- defeated Au in Italy- returned to Fr a hero
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B. Napoleon Under the Directory 1. Fr wanted stability2. N submits a new Consulate Constitution via plebiscite to the people and is approved3. 1799 -- N is voted First Consul of Directory
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C. Napoleon’s Early Popularity1. “order, security, efficiency” replaces “liberty, equality, fraternity”- makes peace w/Br, Au- employed internal critics - secret police eliminated royalist threats- insists on state control over RCC in Fr2. 1802 – voted “Consul for life” by Fr people3. Napoleonic Code - universal laws for all of Fr- equal economic opportunity for men is important- women are not treated as equals- freedom of press restricted - order valued over ind. rights4.1804 – voted Emperor Napoleon I of Fr
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D. Napoleon I: Emperor of Fr (1804-1812)1. Sought security for Fr
a) conquered nearby territories easily “Napoleon’s presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 troops.”
b) threatened war w/othersc) forced alliances
2. 1812 - almost all of Eu bowed to Fr 3. Fr pride soars
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4. Br, Ru resisted Fr domination5. The Continental System
a) plan to defeat Br economically
b) hurt all of Eu6. Sp, Au citizens resist Fr influence 7. 1812 - N wanted “Madrid to Moscow”
a) 600,000 Fr troops to Ru
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8. Ru retreats Eastward “scorched earth” policy, including Moscow9. Oct 1812 – Fr fail w/few supplies 10. Dec 1812 -- Fr retreat 11. 1000’s of Fr die while retreating 12. Less than100,000 troops return to Fr13. Fr army is weakened, demoralized
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14.Br, Ru, Pr, Au alliance defeats Fr
E. N steps down1. N exiled to Elba2. Louis XVIII (brother of Louis XVI) takes over as King of Fr3. Fear of the old monarchy causes riots in Fr
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F. March, 1815 -- N returns 1. Louis XVIII, fearful for his life, flees Fr2. N is welcomed back3. Battle of Waterloo -- Br and Pr again defeat Fr
G. N steps down again1. sent to live in exile in St. Helena2. 1821 -- poisoned to death?
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Eu in 1815 after Napoleon
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II. Peace after NapoleonA. The European Balance of Power (BOP)
1.1815-The Congress of Vienna – Metternich of Au
a) Quadruple Alliance Br, Pr, Ru, Au
b) the goal – keep the BOP, create defensive strategies to withstand domination
c) Pr, Ru, Au, form Holy Alliance, Br drops out