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Chapter 1
Living Organisms
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How are living things alike?
• All organisms are made of cells!
• An organism is a living thing made up of a cell or cells.
• Our bodies are made up of more than one trillion cells!
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How does it work?
• Cells• Tissues• Organs• Systems
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What is a life process?
• A life process is a function that living things must perform in order to stay alive.
• There are 6 life processes!• 1. Getting energy and nutrients.• 2. Using energy.• 3. Reproducing.• 4. Growing.• 5. Getting rid of wastes.• 6. Reacting to outside changes.
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Getting energy and nutrients
• Nutrients are chemicals that living things need in order to stay alive!
• Different organisms get energy and nutrients in different ways.
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Using energy
• The cells of organisms break down food material to release energy.
• Cells use this energy to do their work!
• If you cut yourself, blood cells will kill bacteria that may enter your body through your cut. The blood cells use energy to do their work!
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Reproduce
• Reproduce is to make more of the same kind.
• Some single-celled organisms divide to reproduce.
• This keeps organisms alive!
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Growing
• Cells use energy and nutrients to grow.
• One-celled organisms grow by dividing.
• Many-celled organisms grow by making new cells.
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Getting rid of wastes
• As an organism’s cells do work, the cells make different kinds of waste.
• Some of these wastes are poison and need to be released in order to stay alive!
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Reacting to outside changes
• Organisms need to react to the changes around them.
• This helps an organism stay alive and healthy!
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Scientists use 3 features to classify…
1. Cell structure
2. How the organism gets energy and nutrients.
3. How the organism reproduces.
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Plant vs. Animal Cells
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5 Kingdoms
• Moneran• Protist• Fungus• Plant• Animal
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Moneran Kingdom
• Take in nutrients from outside their bodies.
• Has no membrane around its nucleus.
• Examples: bacterium• Cause diseases but
also cure diseases• Can turn milk into
different kinds of cheese.
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Protist Kingdom
• A protist is a one- or many-celled organism with a membrane around each nucleus.
• Protists use sunlight or eat food to get energy.
• All protists live in wet places.
• Example: seaweed
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Fungus Kingdom
• Fungus is an organism that absorbs food from the surface it lives on.
• Examples: mold, mushrooms, yeast
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Plant Kingdom
• Most plants grow in soil, but some grow in water, on rocks, and in other places.
• Most are green.• Reproduce with
seeds.• Make their own food.
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Animal Kingdom
• Many-celled organisms
• Must eat other organisms to stay alive.
• Reproduce from eggs.
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Dividing Kingdoms into Smaller Groups
• KINGDOM• GENUS (GENERAL)• SPECIES (SPECIFIC)
As each group gets smaller, the organisms have more in common!
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Scientific Name
• A scientific name is a name made up of an organism’s genus and species name.
• Example: Panthera leo
Panthera = genus
Leo = species