Download - Ch. 1 Criminal Justice
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Criminal Justice Today
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Crime:
1. Violates criminal law.
2. Is punishable by criminal sanctions.
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Describe the two most common models of how society determines which acts are criminal.
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Consensus Model: Society, though
diverse, shares the same moral value system.
Crimes violate this value system and are deemed harmful to society.
Conflict Model: Society is diverse
and constantly engaged in a power struggle.
Dominant groups in society codify their values into law.
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Define crime and identify the different types of crime.
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An Integrated Definition:
Punishable under criminal law as defined by a society.
Considered an offense against society as a whole, and prosecuted by public officials.
Punished by statutorily determined sanctions that bring about the loss of personal freedom.
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Violent Crime:◦Murder◦Sexual
assault/rape◦Assault/battery◦Robbery
Property Crime:◦Burglary◦Larceny/theft◦Motor vehicle
theft◦Arson
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Public Order Crimes:Behavior that has beenlabeled criminalbecause it is contrary toshared social values,customs and norms(e.g. publicdrunkenness).
White Collar Crimes:Illegal acts committedby an individual orbusiness entity usingsome non-violent
meansto obtain a personal orbusiness advantage(e.g. embezzlement).
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High Tech Crime: Organized Crime:
Crimes directly related to the increased use ofcomputers andtechnology by society.
Illegal crimes by illegalorganizations, gearedtowards satisfying thepublic’s need for illegalgoods and services.
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Goals of the Criminal Justice System:
To control crime
To prevent crime
To provide and maintain justice
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Federalism is a form of government in which a written constitution provides for a division of powers between a central government and several regional governments.
Ideals of federalism can be seen in the local, state, and federal levels of law enforcement.
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Outline the three levels of law enforcement.
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Local and County Law Enforcement
◦ Responsible for the “nuts and bolts” of law enforcement.
State Law Enforcement
◦ Generally, there are both “state police” and “highway patrols.”
Federal Law Enforcement
◦ Operates throughout the U.S.
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List the essential elements of the corrections system.
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Probation
Jails
Prisons
Community-based corrections
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Criminal justice as a “system” – an orderly progression of events through a process comprised of agencies working together.
Herbert Packer compared the idealized criminal justice process to an assembly line.
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Each step in the assembly line, which comprises the formal criminal justice system, is the result of a series of decisions that must be made by those who work in the CJS.
When members of the criminal justice system exercise discretion, this produces an informal criminal justice system.
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Describe the layers of the “wedding cake” model.
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Contrast the crime control and due process models.
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Crime Control Model:
A model of criminal justice that placesprimary emphasis onthe rights of society tobe protected from crimeand violent offenders.
Due Process Model:A model of the criminaljustice system thatplaces primaryemphasis on the rightsof the individual to beprotected from thepower of government.
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Crime the Bottom Line
◦ The Impact of Law Enforcement
◦ The Scourge of Street Gangs
◦ Gun Sales and Gun Control
◦ The Illegal Drugs Problem
◦ White Collar Crime
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Crime and Punishment◦ The Growing Prison Population◦ The Economics of Incarceration
Homeland Security and the Threat of Terrorism◦ The Patriot Act
Technology: Fighting and Fueling Crime