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Visit our Customer Training Portal at Training.Ceragon.Com
or contact us at [email protected]
Trainee Name:
IP-10G Advanced Course
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1 Ceragon Training Agenda v2.2
Ceragon Training Agenda
Product: IP-10 G + NMS
Course: Extended Operation and Maintenance
Duration:5 days (Theory + Practice)
DAY ONE
Greetings and Course Opening
Introduction to MW Radio
Introduction to 802.1p/q VLAN Tagging
Introduction to CFM
IP-10 G-Series Nodal Solution Introduction
Introduction to ODU
Introduction to Adaptive Code Modulation and MRMC scripts
Physical Overview
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Ceragon Training Agenda
DAY TWO
System Architecture & Design:
Front Panel Overview
Standalone VS. Shelf
IP allocation in a shelf
Management Modes (In Band, OOB, WSC)
Switch Mode (Pipe, Managed, Metro)
Protection Mode
Installation (Practical Exercise using the Element Management System):
Standalone guidelines
Installing IDU in a shelf
Protection mode (Main and Extensions)
Setting IP address via CLI
Setting up a radio link (frequency, Link ID, RSL, TSL, ATPC, MSE, MRMC, ASP)
Setting MNG in a standalone IDU
Setting MNG in a shelf
Setting MNG using Wayside Channel
Troubleshooting Tools & Maintenance:
Using the Current Alarms
Using the Event Log
Using RMON Registers and Statistics
Performing Loopbacks
Saving Unit Information Files
Configuration File Upload / Download
Software File Download
Licensing (retrieving license and installing license on IDU)
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Ceragon Training Agenda
DAY THREE
Introduction to RSTP & Ring Topology
RSTP RING (Practical Exercise using the EMS):
Setting up an RSTP Ring
Demonstrating RSTP Protection on Trails
Demonstrating RSTP Protection on In Band Management
Simple Star Topology + RSTP (Practical Exercise using the EMS):
Shelf Configuration
SDH Trail XC Configuration
TDM Trail XC Configuration
Star Topology + In Band +Protection (Practical Exercise using the EMS):
Enabling Protection Mode
SDH Trail XC Configuration
TDM Trail XC Configuration
Trail Prioritization (Practical Exercise using the EMS):
(We shall use the same setup as in previous exercise)
Setting Trail Priority
Demonstrating Trail Prioritization with ACM and variable attenuator
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4 Ceragon Training Agenda v2.2
Ceragon Training Agenda
DAY FOUR
Introduction to Quality of Service:
What is QoS?
What is a Scheduler?
What is Rate Limiting?
What is Queuing?
How do we map ATM / MPLS to ETH ?
Quality of Service (Practical Exercise using the EMS):
Creating preliminary tables for classifiers & policers
Assigning Policers
Assigning Classifiers
Assigning a Scheduler
Quality of Service (Practical Exercise using the EMS):
QoS demonstration using Video Streaming (VLC)
QoS demonstration using Traffic Generator/Analyzer (when relevant)
DAY FIVE
Topology Configuration:
Adding Elements
Auto-Discovery
Adding Maps
Administration
Log Analysis and Filtering
System Configuration
Dynamic Poling
Static Poling
Configuration Broadcast
Configuration File Download Software Download
FTP
Mail Server
Northbound
End to End Trap Configuration
Exam / Course Summary
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Ceragon - Company Presentation
1
June 2010
Leaders in High-Capacity Wireless Backhaul
Ceragon Networks
Incorporation: 1996
Personnel: 500 Revenues in 2009: $184M NASDAQ: CRNT
Proprietary and Confidential2
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Global Sales(Reflecting FY2009 results)
EMEA: 38%
NA: 16%
CALA: 9%
APAC: 37%
Proprietary and Confidential
Success factors:
Superior technology and professional services offering Better cost positi on Global Sales footprint with 19 offices worldwi de Strong partnerships with OEMs, distributors and VARs
3
Segment Breakdown H1 2009
Service
Providers
87%
Private
Networks
13%
Short Haul Links: Rapid Growth
6.3%6.0%
7.0%
CeragonMarketShare
26698
35000
507249
617427
554189550000
650000
30000
35000
TotalShortHaulvs.Ceragon Total
Links
Ceragon
Links
0.8%
2.1%
2.6%
4.3%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2380
8132
13175
300509
387020
50000
50000
150000
250000
350000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
PTPRadioShipmentsTotalShortHaulNextGenerationHybridTDM/Packet&Ceragonlinksshipments
Proprietary and Confidential4
From 0.8% market share in 2005 to 6.3% market share in 2009 4,800 links to 35,000
Grew in 2009 in shipments terms by 30% Global short haul shipment dropped by 11%.
LegacyTDM
Totalshorthaulmarket
Source: SLR, EJL, Ceragon
Totalmarket
Growthdrivers:
HighcapacityAllIP
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Where We Play
LTE-Ready Mobile Backhaul
Mobile O erators
Rural and WiMAX Backhaul
Alternative Carriers Mobile Operators
Backhaul Providers
Proprietary and Confidential
Private Networks
Enterprise Networks Governments: Local and State Utilities
Mobile Backhaul WiMAX Backhaul
We Focus on BackhaulHigh Capacity LTE/4G-Ready Wireless Backhaul Networks
Rural BroadbandPrivate, Utility, State &
Local Government
Proprietary and Confidential6
Access Backhaul / Metro CoreAny access technology: Wire line or wireless, GSM, CDMA, HSPA, LTE or WiMAX
Any service: Voice, data, personal broadband
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Strategic Partnerships for Growth
Opportunity to participate in large network deployments
Target Tier 1 carriers
Geographical spread
Maximize complete solution offering
OEM Solution reselling Per project Vertical reselling
Proprietary and Confidential7
OEM 2
OEM 3
Global, Diversif ied Customer Base
Service
Providers
Proprietary and Confidential8
Over 200 Service Provider and hund reds of Pri vate Networks in more than 130 Countri es:*
Private Networks
WiMAX Carriers
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Capacity optimisation
Ceragon Product Portfol io
BackboneAgg regated linksFirst Mile
Aggregation
Cost Efficiency
Access
Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir Trunk
SDH
OC-3 Aggregation (N+1)
N x GbEAggregation
PDH & Ethernet Access
SDH Aggregation
Metro IP Migration
GbE rings
PDH/SONET & Ethernet SONET& Ethernet Trunk (Long Haul, High Power)
FibeAir IP-10 G
9
Comprehensive mounting Portfolio
FibeAir Family
SplitMount FullOutdoorAllIndoorCompactandmodular FulloutdoorNodalsite,
CarrierEthernet/
Native2Trunk
TDM
IP10
CarrierEthernet/ Native2
TDM
1500R
From1+0/1+1toN+1/N+0Trunk solutions
IP10
Allindoor solutions N+0toN+N,fullyredundant,
AllRFunitsapplicable
Proprietary and Confidential10
3200T
IP10
CarrierEthernet/ Native2
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PolyView:
Network Management System for Wireless Backhaul Networks
Reduced operational costsEnd-to-end provisioning, Groupconfiguration
Faster & easier networkmaintenanceNetwork View, User-friendly GUI
Quick and easy networktroubleshootingComprehensive FCAPS support,easier root analysis
Greater network availabilityComplete redundancy & backupfunctionality
Smooth platform integration
Proprietary and Confidential11
Ceragon's Architecture Management Concept
Field proven, interoperable, multi-platform
Ceragon Complete Offering
Plan : Network design, Service design, Radio
Design, Synchronization design, Power
Consumption, Rack Layout, Project
deployment plan
Build: Project Management, Site Survey,
Installation and Commission ing,Documentation - As Built Site folder
Operate : Full Training Program, Expert on Site
throughout initial operation, Managed
Proprietary and Confidential12
Services - Take part in Network operation
Maintain: Remote Technical Sup port 24/7, S/W Repair,
H/W Repair , Advanced Replacements, Stock
Management, On Site Support, S/W Updates,
Review and Preventive Activities
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Why Ceragon
Company:
Market leadership in mig ration of radio to packet Widely deployed with top 3 position in high capacity radios Global reach and breadth of port folio Culture of innovation Financially sound
Products:
Risk free migration path from TDM to Ethernet
Proprietary and Confidential
True packet microwave, MEF certified Integrated networking functions, TDM and Ethernet Highest possible capacities Exceptional system gain and spectral efficiency
13
Mobile Backhaul Case Studies
14
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Tata Indicom:14K Links serving access and aggregation. All IP ready
Proprietary and Confidential15
Installing 700 links a month, from planning to commissioning
8 planners, 13 engineers, 14 project managers/directors
Telcel:2600+ links migration to packet with LTE in mind
Optimize :Tree to Rings
Proprietary and Confidential16
helpingTelceltooptimizetheradioportionofthenetwork:
Design,install.Maintain.HugeSDHinstallbase
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Digitel:1350+ links Delivering high capacity, anywhere.
Proprietary and Confidential17
Converged, 3G and Rural Broadband IP backhaul
All indoor and spli t t runks
Rogers :850 Links long haul Enable 3G in rural
FibeAir IP-10
BTS/NBEthernet
TDMA
A
BSC/RNC
FibeAir IP-10
FibeAir IP-10
BTS/NB
FibeAir IP-10
BTS/NB
BSC/RNC
FibeAir IP-10
A
B
B
Ceragon
packet/Hybrid
MW Network set
in a physical
For network simplicity
Proprietary and Confidential18
5 layers of protection to sustain high capacity mob ile
broadband services in remote locations
FibeAir IP-10
BTS/NB B,
being abstracted
ignoring transport, PW
and locations
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Long haul Case Studies
19
SDH & IP Trunk Backbone for Mobile and ISP
Converged Migration (Philippines)
Challenge: Build a mix SDH and high
capacity
Solutions Mix of all indoor and split TDM +
Ethernet 1+1
Why Trunk? 7+0 4STM-1 and 3 GbE Advanced Carrier Ethernet
features
2GBTS
63 E1TDM
2GBSC
3GRNC
STM-1
STM-1c
PDHMicrowav
e
ECIXDM-100
Ceragon
FibeAir
Cerago
nFibeAir
n x E1TDM
2Gn x E1TDM
ECIXDM-1000
nxSTM-1
nx STM-1
Rings
3GNode B PDH
Microwave
E1
IP MAX2
EthernetHuawei
Ethernet
Ceragon
FibeAir
Proprietary and Confidential
Both interfaces use the sameradio equipment. Smoothmigration from all TDM to allpacket
Both type operate concurrentlyon the same antenna and radiobranching - Native2
20
CeragonFibeAir
Ceragon
FibeAir
Ethernet
2xGbE
2xGbE
Ethernet+
1*E1
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Full IP Backbone for an ISP (Uruguay)
Challenge: Establishing a GbE link between sites
200km apart spanning over jungles
NativeEthernet
NativeEthernet
NativeEthernet
nxFE / GbE nxFE / GbE
and lakes
Solutions Split, all packet 3X(2+0) multi radio 6 hopes Abstraction layer at both ends. (Cisco
routers)
Why Ceragon?
CeragonFibeAir
CeragonFibeAir
CeragonFibeAir
CeragonFibeAir
Cisco7600
Cisco7600
nxFE /GbE
nxFE / GbEService Aware Radio Link
Service Aware Radio Link
Service Aware Radio Link
32.81km 36.53km
31.94km
ARTI
34 22 37.00 S
057310300W
CESP
34 21 02.00S
057 09 44.00 WCANO
Proprietary and Confidential
High Capacity and flexibility Modularity and upgradeability High capacity all, indoor, all packet Cisco partnership (CTDP) Multi layered availbilaity
Radio level, System level, e-t-e
21
49.68km
37.55km
33.77km
0' 58 40' 20' 57 40' 20'
.34 25 02.00 S
057 51 41.00 WRIPI
34 30 58.00 S056 49 07.00 W
RIBO
34 42 58.00 S
056 29 18.00 W
VPLA
34 54 21.00 S
056 11 59.00 W
Quilmes
34 43 41.00 S
058 15 04.00 W
All Indoor & Spl it Configurations LTE Ready
Backhaul (NA) Challenge:
Ubiquitous network concept forwireless backhaul serving remotebase station sites
Tail site #1
Native2
1+1
Native2 Native2
1+1
Migration from 2G/3G UMTS toHSPA and LTE
Solutions Mix of all indoor and split TDM +
Ethernet 1+1
Why Trunk
Hub/Aggregation siteFiber site
Tail site #2Native2
1+1
Native E1/E1 service ("E1/E1 VC")
Native Ethernet service ("Ethernet VC")
Proprietary and Confidential
Risk free migration for both all indoor and split
Advanced Carrier Ethernetfeatures
Native2 for native legacy andpacket support during themigration path to all packet
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An army network backbone (Phil ippines) Challenge:
Build an army military grade long microwavebackbone
Connecting the Philippines islands with many 20'
10'
15 0'
AGUINALDO
Antipol oCAPINPIN
GUINYANGAN
IRIGA
LUCBAN
Malacanang
PASACAO PILI
TAGAYTAY
over the water links with distances of up to100km
Cost-effective voice, data, and videoconferencing services to satisfy commandand control requirements
Solutions hops of 1+1 all indoor 7 GHz
10 0'
50'
40'
30'
BOHOL
CALBAYOG
CAMALIG
CAMOTES
CATBALOGAN
CEBUMACTAN
MATNOG
ORMOC
TACLOBAN
Proprietary and Confidential
n nter ace: -
Why Ceragon? High power split configuration 1+1 Integrated offering through a channel with
networking, terminal and support6 40'
30'
20'
10'
120 50' 40' 30' 20' 10' 125
AWANG
BALABAGAN
CAMIGUIN
CDO
GANYANGANLACAUAN
LINUGWAYAN
MANTICAO
MERCEDES
OZAMIZ
PAGADIAN
PC HILL
PULACAN
TAGUITE
UPIZAMBOANGA
WiMAX Case Studies
24
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Case Study
Allegro: Business services for Queenslands
outer metro areas
Services: All w ireless 2Mbps to 200Mbps PtP Ethernet microwave: 8Mbps to 200Mbps WiMAX: 1Mbps to 6Mbps
Backhaul: All wireless 200-400Mbps Service aware PtP Ethernet microwave IP/MPLS based Ring topology
Proprietary and Confidential27
Allegro Value proposit ion: Rapid delivery times Competitive pricing scheme based on carefully designed
network to meet low TCO (Total Cost of Ownership)
Case Study
PtP Ethernet microwave for Backhaul and high
capacity servicesBackhaul:Business Access :
aware Ethernet microwave enhancedwith Adaptive Modulation
enhanced with Adaptive ModulationOr PtMP WiMAX
IP/MPLS
router
IP/MPLS
router
PtP
Proprietary and Confidential
WiMAX
Base
Station
IP/MPLS
router
PtMP -
WiMAX
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Case StudySouth East Asia: National broaband based on
WiMAX
xe o e app ca ons Broadband Access VoIP Fixed and VoIP handset IP TV
Backhaul: All wireless 10-400Mbps Service aware PtP Ethernet microwave Carrier Ethernet based aggregation
Proprietary and Confidential29
Value propositi on: Access to a true Broadband service Coverage and mobility
Ceragon IP Solution: Urban/Rural Link
planningChallenges:
1. Mult i hops (up
to 8)
.
VoIP
3. Extremelyhigh capacity
4. Rapiddeployment
5. High
availability
6. U radable
E-t-E delay
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Case Study
Aerea/WorldMAX: 1st Mobile WiMAX launchalready live in Amsterdam
Services: 512Kbps-8Mbps USB WiMAX Dongle 10-40Euro
Aggregation: Al l w ireless 200-400Mbps High capacity service aware Ethernet radio at the
aggregation Low capacity for Access
Proprietary and Confidential31
Aerea Value proposit ion: Hotspot the size of Amsterdam. Rapid, online order. Mail delivery within 2 days pending
on coverage
Low Cost , High Capacity
Carrier Ethernet Aggregation for WiMAX Backhaul
Aggregat ion Site
Low Capacity Link1+1
Core SiteXC
Switch
Router
Ethernet AggregationXC
C era on
Ceragon
FibeAir
Low Capacity Link1+1
BS site
Proprietary and Confidential32
Aggregatio nSite
PSN
FibeAir
BS site
BS site
Ceragon
FibeAirSwitch
Router
Ethernet
Microwave Link
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Verticals Case Studies
33
Simon says there are 9 dist inct verticals
Broadcast
DefenseMunicipality
Utility OPG
Public Security
Proprietary and Confidential34
Education FinanceHealth
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Case Study
Australia: Police, Fire & Emergency Services
Challenge:
Provide reliable di ital voice communications and
Public Safety
data traffic
99.997% monthly average availability. (Equipmentreliability and propagation performance)
Low latency (275 m/s)
Small antenna to reduce wind load
Cost effective 1+0 space diversity configuration inring topology
Solution
FibeAir 1500R in ring topology
PoliceHQ
Proprietary and Confidential35
Management and VoIP EOW via 2Mb/s Ethernetwayside channel
Why Ceragon?
High power split radio with integrated space diversity
Performance in ring topologies
Extremely reliable hardware
Versatile auxiliary channels fiber
LocalPoliceStation Local Police
Station
Case Study
Australia: South Australian Forestry
Challenge:
Municipality
Create a robust high capacity videosurveillance network for , bush firemonitoring
Low visual foot print to reduce
vandalism and impact sceneryenjoyment
Solutions
6 hops 1+0 split (IP-10)
Link Interface: Ethernet
Some of the links are tree mounted
Proprietary and Confidential36
Why Ceragon?
Cost efficient high capacity nativeEthernet in a 1+0 configuration
Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)
Integrated offering through a channel(MIMP) with networking, services andsupport
South Australian ForestPhoto: Forestry SA
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Case Study
Aust ralia: Housing Commission, Melbourne
Municipality
Create a high capacity network between 8campuses in the city
Need to support closed circuit TV andTelemetry monitoring for public housing
Solutions
8 link 1+0 r ing
Link Interface: Ethernet
400Mbps al l IP
53 unlicensed s urs
Proprietary and Confidential37
Why Ceragon? Cost efficient high capacity native Ethernet in
a 2+0 ready configuration
Upgradeable and modular
Integrated offering through a channel(Integrators Australia) with networking,services and support
Case Study
Philippines: An army network backbone
10'
15 0'
AGUINALDO
Antipo loCAPINPIN
GUINYANGAN
LUCBAN
Malacanang
TAGAYTAY
Defense
Build an army military grade long microwavebackbone
Connecting the Philippines islands with many overthe water links with distances of up to 100km
Cost-effective voice, data, and video conferencingservices to satisfy command and controlrequirements
Solutions 36 hops 1+1 all indoor
10 0'
50'
40'
30'
20'
BOHOL
CALBAYOG
CAMALIG
CAMOTES
CATBALOGAN
CEBU
IRIGA
MACTAN
MATNOG
ORMOC
PASACAO PILI
TACLOBAN
Proprietary and Confidential
7 GHz Link Interface: STM-1
Why Ceragon? High power split configuration 1+1 Integrated offering through a channel with
networking, terminal and support6 40'
30'
20'
10'
120 50' 40' 30' 20' 10' 125
AWANG
BALABAGAN
CAMIGUIN
CDO
GANYANGANLACAUAN
LINUGWAYAN
MANTICAO
MERCEDES
OZAMIZ
PAGADIAN
PC HILL
PULACAN
TAGUITE
UPIZAMBOANGA
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Case Study
Australia: Wireless connectivity to SCADA forWater Management solutions
Utility
Challenge:
Connect rural fully automated water gateswirelessly to a SCADA (Supervisory Control
And Data Acquisition)
Provide reliability in extreme weather conationswhere systems is required the most to open orclose the water gates
Rural and rough terrain
Proprietary and Confidential39
SlipGateTM
7 hops 1+1
Link Interface: Ethernet
Why Ceragon?
Cost efficient high power radio units
Highly available radio link
Case Study
Spain: Water UTelco
Challenge:
Utility
Create a reliable high capacity multi servicenetwork
Provide both internal data requirements suchas intra-communication voice, data, SCADA,
and surveillance systems while serving thelocal government telecom needs
Solutions
60 hops 1+0/1+1/2+0 split
Link Interface: Ethernet
Multi le t o olo schemes
Proprietary and Confidential40
Why Ceragon?
Cost efficient high capacity native Ethernet in a2+0 configuration
Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)
Integrated offering through a channel withnetworking, services and support
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Case Study
Australia: Power utili ty data protection
Challenge:
Utility
Create an completely reliable low capacitybackbone for power surges monitoring andprotection serving rural power substation
Leverage highly available excessive capacityto up sell telecom services: Voice and Data
Rural and rough terrain
Solutions
16 hops 2+1 all indoor
Link Interface: STM-1
Proprietary and Confidential41
Serves as a Main link Why Ceragon?
Cost efficient high power all indoor 2+1configuration (upgradeable to 4+1)
Integrated offering through a channel withnetworking, services and support
Case Study
USA: Rural electr ical cooperative
Utility
Create a reliable backbone to connect SCIs20 substations and metering points
Serving SCADA, Land Mobile Radio, VideoAdvanced Metering Infrastructure traffic.
Solutions
8 hops all indoor
Link Interface: Ethernet
Serves as a Main link
Rin to olo
Proprietary and Confidential42
Why Ceragon?
Cost efficient, Upgradeable split Native2
solution.
Integrated offering through a channel Maplenet Wireless with networking, servicesand support
South Central Indiana REMC (SCI)
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Case Study
Australia: Alinta Gas pipeline
OPG
Challenge:
A long mission critical communication linkfor a SCADA system
Rural and rough terrain
Solutions
43 hops 1+1
Link Interface: STM-1
Why Ceragon?
1,300km
Proprietary and Confidential43
Cost efficient high power radio units Highly available radio link
Case Study
France: Broadcast TV
Broadcast
Challenge: Build a robust backup for a fiber
installation for the distribution of highquality live video content along Nicecoast line
Solutions All indoor, all packet 1+1 Alternate path for fiber
h Cera on? MONTAGEL
Proprietary and Confidential
High Capacity Ethernet in all indoorconfiguration
Modularity and upgradability
44
LA BRAGUE
T
ST RAPHAEL
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Case Study
Australia: TV network Intra-studiocommunication
Broadcast
Challenge:
Create a reliable high capacity contributionnetwork
Leverage highly available excessive capacity toup sell telecom services: Voice and Data
Rural and rough terrain
Solutions
4 hops 1+0 split space diversity
Link Interface: Ethernet
Studio Site B
XCXC
Ceragon
FibeAir
Fiber as a
rimar
Native Ethernet
Microwaveas an
Ethernet switch
Broadcast
site
Proprietary and Confidential45
Alternate path with links up to 70km with Why Ceragon?
Cost efficient high power highly available nativeEthernet in a 1+0 configuration
Service protection support
Integrated offering through a channel withnetworking, services and support
Studio Site A
XCXC
Ceragon
FibeAir
path
alternate path
Ethernet switch
Case Study
US: Operation Green Light - Kansas
Municipality
Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS) where thestoplights are connected to a wireless networkwith IP video cameras and backhauledwirelessly to their Traffic Management center.
Create a reliable high capacity packetaggregation network
Low impact and integration with last miletechnologies such as WiMAX
Solutions
Proprietary and Confidential46
2+0 split
Link Interface: Ethernet in rings
Why Ceragon?
The highest possible capacities
Service protection support
Integrated offering through a channel withnetworking, services and support
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Case Study
US: Intermountain Health Care - Utah
Health
Challenge:
Develop a high capacity network that fitsinto their disaster recovery plan (mainlyearthquakes)
Needed control over network with backusing local Telco leased lines
Solutions
1+0 in Ring topology
Link Interface: Ethernet
Proprietary and Confidential47
Cost efficient high power, high capacityradio units
Modular and upgradable
WSA - North Germany Water Authority
BroadcastPublic Safety
Utility
Challenge: Connecting radar stations and light towers on the shore
Long haul over water
Solutions:
Proprietary and Confidential
70 packet links
7Ghz high power with Space diversity
Why Ceragon?
High capacity long haul packet radio
Built in Space Diversity
Single turnkey supplier (Telent) for the compete network (offered by two of the bidders)
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Australia: SP AusNet Smart metering
BroadcastPublic Safety
Utility
Challenge:
Carrier grade radio backhaul to suit smart grid requirements (IP based) but also supportstraditional TDM based services i.e SCADA
Solutions:
80 links IP-10 1+1 radios over 4 years
Polyview NMS
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Why Ceragon?
Advanced Native Ethernet capabilities for smart grid & Native E1 for SCADA (Native2)
Outdoor cabinet installations with WIMAX requirement
Flexible, future proof solution
Single turnkey supplier (Motorola) for the compete network
49
Case study (Munic ipality)
Aust ralia: Housing Commission, Melbourne
Municipality
Challenge:
Create a high capacity network between 75 campuses in the city
Support closed circuit TV, Voice and Telemetry monitoring for public
housing
Solutions:
8 link 1+0 ring
Link Interface: Ethernet
Proprietary and Confidential50
400Mbps all IP
53 unlicensed spurs
Why Ceragon?
Cost efficient high capacity native Ethernet
Upgradeable and modular, 2+0 ready configuration
Integrated offering through a channel (Integrators Australia)
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Thank You
51
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FibeAir IP10
Proprietary and Confidential
Commissioning the Radio Link
Radio Link Common Attributes
IDU ODU IDUODU) ) )TSL RSL
To establish a radio link, we need to configure / monitor the following
parameters:
1. TX / RX frequencies set on every radio
2. RSL Received Signal [dBm]
3. MSE Mean Square Error [dB] (see MSE PPS)
4. Max. TSL Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm]
5. Moni to red TSL Actual Transmission level dBm
Proprietary and Confidential2
.
6. L ink ID must be the same on both ends
7. ATPC ON / OFF avoiding co-interferences caused by nearby antennas
8. MRMC Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity, channel & modulation)
9. Adaptive Power ON / OFF To allow max. transmission signal when ACM is ON
10. MAC Header Compression 45% higher throughput (Ceragon Proprietary)
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2
LINK ID
LINK ID Antenna Alignment Process
To avoid pointing the antenna to a wrong direction (when both links share the
same frequency), LINK ID can be used to alert when such action is take.
# 101
# 102 Link ID
Mismatch
Proprietary and Confidential4
Link ID Mismatch
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LINK ID Antenna Alignment Process
Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link ID
Otherwise, Link ID Mismatch alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window
# 101
# 102 Link ID
Mismatch
Proprietary and Confidential5
Link ID Mismatch
ATPC
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4
ATPC Adaptive Transmission Power Control
The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies
significantly with time and environment.
, ,
and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.
Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter
Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image)
Main Lobe
Proprietary and Confidential7
Side Lobe
ATPC Adaptive Transmission Power Control
To address this issue, online transmission power control that adapts to
external changes is necessary.
In ATPC, each node builds a model for each of its neighbors, describing thecorrelation between transmission power and link quality.
With this model, we employ a feedback-based transmission power control
algorithm to dynamically maintain individual link quality over time.
Proprietary and Confidential8
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5
ATPC Adaptive Transmission Power Control
1. Enable ATPC on both sites
2. Set reference RSL (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)
3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)
4. Transmitters will reduce power to the min. possible level
5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. level
TSL Adjustments Monitored RSL
Proprietary and Confidential9
ATPC
module
Radio
Transceiver
Radio
Receiver
Radio
Receiver
Signal
Quality
Check
Site A Site B
Radio
Feedback
Ref. RSL
RSL
required
change
ATPC OFF = High Power Transmission
ATPC: Disabled ATPC: Disabled
Max. TSL: 10 dBm
Monitored TSL: 10 dBm
Monitored RSL: -53 dBm
Max. TSL: 10 dBm
Monitored TSL: 8 dBm
Monitored RSL: -56 dBm
Proprietary and Confidential10
ATPC
module
Radio
Transceiver
Radio
Receiver
Radio
Receiver
Signal
Quality
Check
Site A Site B
Radio
Feedback
Ref. RSL
RSL
required
change
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6
ATPC ON =
Reduced Power, cost & long-term maintenance
ATPC: Enabled
Ref. RSL: -65 dBmATPC: Enabled
Ref RSL: - 65 dBm
Max. TSL: 10 dBm
Monitored TSL: 2 dBm (before 10)
Monitored RSL: -60 dBm (before 53)
.
Max. TSL: 10 dBm
Monitored TSL: 2 dBm (before 8)
Monitored RSL: -63 dBm (before 56)
Proprietary and Confidential11
ATPC
module
Radio
Transceiver
Radio
Receiver
Radio
Receiver
Signal
Quality
Check
Site A Site B
Radio
Feedback
Ref. RSL
RSL
required
change
MRMC Scripts
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7
MRMC Multi Rate Multi Coding
1. Radio capacity is determined by Channel BW, Modulation and ACM (fixed
or adaptive)
. on scr p s o are s ava a e o suppor on- ra os
3. ACM TX profile can be different than ACM RX profile.
4. ACM TX profile is determined by remote RX MSE performance.
5. Remote Receiver (RX) initiates ACM profile upgrade or downgrade
Proprietary and Confidential13
. ,
request to the remote TX to upgrade its profile.
7. If MSE degrades below a predefined threshold, RX generates a request to
the remote TX to downgrade its profile.
MRMC Multi Rate Multi Coding
Each ACM script has 8 profiles.
The radio capacity will be dictated by the
channel BW see next slide
Profile Modulation
0 QPSK
1 8QAM
The lower the modulation the less sensitivethe receiver is:
More system gain
Bigger fade margin
At lower modulation orders the radio link will
2 16QAM
3 32QAM
4 64QAM
5 128QAM
6 256QAM(highFEC)
7 256QAM(lowFEC)
Proprietary and Confidential14
tolerate lower R L levels. For example:
With 16QAM the radio will drop at (-78dBm)
whereas with 8QAM the radio will drop at
(-82dBm)
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8
MRMC Adaptive TX Power
MRMC Adaptive TX Power
Designed to work with ACM in certain scenarios to allow higher Tx power
available at lower order modulation schemes for a given modulation scheme.
When Adaptive TX is disabled:
Maximum TX power is l imited by the highest modulation configured in the MRMC ACM
script.
In other words, when link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from
256QAM to QPSK. However, Max. power will be limited to the value corresponding as
Max. TX in 256QAM.
Proprietary and Confidential16
When Adaptive TX is Enable:
When link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from 256QAM to QPSK.
However, Max. power will increase to compensate for the signal degradation.
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9
MRMC Adaptive Power = OFF
256QAM @ Monitored TSL = 18 dBm (Max.)
16QAM @ MAX. TSL = 18 dBm
Signal Degradation
= Lower bit/symbol
Proprietary and Confidential17
MRMC Adaptive Power = ON
256QAM @ Monitored TSL = 18 dBm(Max.)
16QAM @ Monitored TSL = 24 dBm
Signal Degradation
= Lower bit/symbol
Proprietary and Confidential18
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MRMC Adaptive Power
It is essential that Operators ensure they do not breach any regulator-imposed
EIRP limitations by enabling Adaptive TX.
To better control the EIRP, users can select the required class (Power VS.
Spectrum):
Class 2
Class 4 Class 5B
Class 6A
FCC
Proprietary and Confidential19
- s ou ave vers on . or g er or proper unc ona y oAdaptive TX Power feature.
The Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is the apparent power transmitted towards the
receiver assuming that the signal power is radiated equally in all directions
Configuration
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11
Radio Settings Local Radio
Spectrum Mask
FQ spacing (gap) between channels
Monitored transmission power
i i i loni ore receive signal
Required value = zero
Monitored Mean Square Error
Radio frequencies can be set
locally or on remote unit as
well (assuming links is up)
Enable / Disable
Proprietary and Confidential21
Enable = no transmission
Min. target RSL (local)
l i l
Value depends on MRMC settings
Must be identical on both IDUs
Radio Settings Local Radio
Proprietary and Confidential22
Enable on both IDUs to get maximum
throughput (500Mbps @ 56MHz)
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12
Radio Settings Remote Radio
When the radio link is up, you can configure certain
parameters on the remote unit:
Make sure Remote IP is available
Remote RSL can be read
Proprietary and Confidential23
Remote TSL can be set (depends on remote MRMC script) Remote TX MUTE can be disabled (see next slide)
Remote target RSL for ATPC can be set
Remote Un-Mute
Simplified scheme
Site A is
transmitting
e s ransm ng
but receiver is still ON
Proprietary and Confidential24
Site A
Site B
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Radio Thresholds
Proprietary and Confidential25
These settings determine the sensitivity / tolerance for triggering:
1+1 HSB switchover
Ethernet Shutdown
PM generated alarms
MRMC Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential26
We shall review this page using the following slides:
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MRMC reading current script
MAX. Capacity
(w/out compression)
ACM Scri t CH. BWModulation
Spectrum
Mask
ACM is on
Proprietary and Confidential27
Class Type
MRMC Reading current capacity
Proprietary and Confidential28
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ThankYou!
29
.
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1
Mean Square Error
Agenda
Definition xamp e MSE & ACM MSE values at 56MHz (case study)
MSE values at 28MHz (case study) Troubleshooting examples
Proprietary and Confidential2
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2
IntroductionDefinition | Example
Proprietary and Confidential3
MSE - Definition
value and the true value of the quantity being estimated
MSE measures the average of the squared errors:
MSE is a sort of aggregated error by which the expected value differsfrom the quantity to be estimated.
The difference occurs because of randomness or because the receiver
Proprietary and Confidential
does not account for information that could produce a more accurateestimated RSL
4
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To simplify.
Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert one part
Both devices must perfectly match
Let us assume the width has to be 10mm wide
We took a few of parts and measured them to see how many canfit in.
Proprietary and Confidential5
The Errors Histogram(Gaussian probability distribution function)
Quantity 9 Expected value
width
3
2
3
1
Proprietary and Confidential
To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many partsdiffer from the expected value
9 parts were perfectly OK
6
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The difference from Expected value
QuantityError = 0 mm
width
Error = + 6 mm
Error = - 3 mm
Error = + 2 mm
Error = - 4 mm
Proprietary and Confidential
To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we measure howmuch the errors differ from expected value
10mm 12mm 16mm6mm 7mm
7
Giving bigger differences more weight thansmaller differencesQuantity
Error = 0 mm
10mm 12mm 16mm6mm 7mm
width
+ 6 mm = 36
-3 mm = 9
+ 2 mm = 4
- 4 mm = 16
Proprietary and Confidential
We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them
The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smallerdifferences, resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:
16cm parts are 36 units away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away
8
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Calculating MSE
QuantityError = 0 mm
width
+ 6 mm = 36
-3 mm = 9
+ 2 mm = 4
- 4 mm = 16
Proprietary and Confidential
To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take theaverage:
16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13
The bigger the errors (dif ferences) >> the bigger MSE becomes
9
Calculating MSE
Quantity Error = 0 mm
width
Proprietary and Confidential
If all parts were perfectly produced than each error would be 0
This would result in MSE = 0
Conclusion: systems perform best when MSE is minimum
10
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MSE in digital modulation (Radios)Let us use QPSK (4QAM) as anexample:
Q
2 possible states for I signal2 possible states for Q signal
= 4 possible states for thecombined signal
0001
I
Proprietary and Confidential
The graph shows the expectedvalues (constellation) of thereceived signal (RSL)
1011
11
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
The black dots represent theexpected values (constellation)of the received signal (RSL)Q
The blue dots represent the
actual RSL
Similarly to the previous
0001
I
Proprietary and Confidential
,bigger the errors are theharder it becomes for thereceiver to detect & recover thetransmitted signal
1011
12
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MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
Q
MSE would be the averageerrors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4.
When MSE is very small the
0001
I
e1
e2
Proprietary and Confidential
actual signal is very close tothe expected signal
1011
e3e
13
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
Q
When MSE is too big, theactual signal (amplitude &
phase) is too far from theexpected signal
0001
I
e1
e2
Proprietary and Confidential
1011
e3e
14
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Using MSECommissioning | Troubleshooting
Proprietary and Confidential15
Commissioning with MSE in EMS
When you commission your,
is small (-37dB)
Actual values may be read-34dB to -35dB
Proprietary and Confidential
Bigger values (-18dB) willresult in loss of signal
16
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MSE and ACM
When the errors become too big,we need a stronger error correctionmechanism FEC
Therefore, we reduce the numberof bits per symbol allocated for dataand re-assign the extra bits forcorrection instead
For example
Proprietary and Confidential
as grea capac y upoor immune to noise
64QAM has less capacity but muchbetter immune for noise
ACM Adaptive Code Modulation
17
Triggering ACM with MSE
When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link
When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the requiredmodulation per radio to maintain service
ACM 28MHz, MSE [-dB]:
Profile Mod 10-6 ThresholdDowngrade ACM Profilewhen MSE reaches
UpgradeACM Profilewhen MSE reaches Optimal
0 QPSK 6.9 10.4 11.9 >30
1 8PSK 11 14.5 16 >30
Proprietary and Confidential18
. . .
3 32QAM 18 21.5 23 >30
4 64QAM 20 23.5 25 >30
5 128QAM 24.4 27.9 29.4 >33
6 256QAM 25 28.5 30 >35
7 256QAM 28 31.5 33 >35
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Triggering ACM with MSE
When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link
When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the requiredmodulation per radio to maintain service
ACM 56MHz, MSE [-dB]:
Profile Mod 10-6 ThresholdDowngrade ACM Profilewhen MSE reaches
UpgradeACM Profilewhen MSE reaches Optimal
0 QPSK 6.7 10.2 11.7 >30
1 8PSK 12 15.5 17 >30
Proprietary and Confidential19
2 16QAM 13.1 16.6 18.1 >303 32QAM 17.3 20.8 22.3 >30
4 64QAM 19.6 23.1 24.6 >30
5 128QAM 22.6 26.1 27.6 >33
6 256QAM 25 28.5 30 >35
7 256QAM 27.5 31 32.5 >35
Triggering ACM with MSE
Lets analyze the figures in the table below (we shall focus on the last line):
1. When the radio is in optimal conditions, MSE is near -35dB2. When MSE drops below -27.5dB, we will experience high BER
-.4. Now that the radio is @ profile 6, the MSE must improve to -32.5 to recover
high capacity (profile 7)
Profile Modulation 10-6 ThresholdDowngrade ACM Profilewhen MSE reaches
UpgradeACM Profilewhen MSE reaches Optimal
0 QPSK 6.7 10.2 11.7 >30
1 8PSK 12 15.5 17 >30
2 16QAM 13.1 16.6 18.1 >30
17.3 20.8 22.3 >
Proprietary and Confidential20
. . .
4 64QAM 19.6 23.1 24.6 >30
5 128QAM 22.6 26.1 27.6 >33
6 256QAM 25 28.5 30 >35
7 256QAM 27.5 31 32.5 >35
5 dB security window
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11
ACM & MSE: Another approach
In this graph we refer to a 56MHz channel. It is easier to observe thehysteresis of changing the ACM profile with respect to measured MSE.
, - .
32.5
30
ACM
Profile
Proprietary and Confidential21
MSE31 28.5 26.1 23.1 20.8 16.6 15.5 10.2
Profile7 Profile6 Profile5 Profile4 Profile3 Profile2 Profile1 Profile0
ACM & MSE: Another approach
When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM willswitch back FASTER to a higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.
When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) ACMw a s mproves o e po n o nex ava a e upgra e po n takes longer time toswitch back to the higher profile).
32.5 30
ACM
Profile
Proprietary and Confidential22
MSE31 28.5 26.1
Profile7 Profile6 Profile5
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Troubleshooting wrong modulation
When different settings of Modulation are set, MSE will be showing -99.99dB (Modulation Mismatch):
Proprietary and Confidential23
RSL = ~ (-45) dBmMSE = -99.99 dB
RSL = ~ (-45) dBmMSE = -99.99 dB
ThankYou!
24
ra n ng ceragon.com
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1
ACM - Adaptive Code Modulation
FibeAir IP-10s Key Feature
IP-10 utilizes a unique Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)
Modulation ran e: QPSK - 256QAM
Modulation changes to maintain link when radio signal degrades
Mechanism automatically recovers to max. configured modulation whenreceived signal improves
Proprietary and Confidential
Optimized for mobile backhaul all-IP and TDM-to-IP migration
2
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Adaptive Coding and Modulation
Utilize highest possible modulation considering the changing environmental
conditions
Hitless & errorless switchoverbetween modulation schemes
Maximize spectrum usage - Increased capacity over given bandwidth
Service differentiation with improved SLA
Increased capacity and availability
Proprietary and Confidential3
Adaptive Coding and Modulation
Non-real time
services
Voice&real ti meserv ices
Weak
FEC
Strong
FEC
Proprietary and Confidential4
When we engineer our services, we may assign certain services to
highest priority
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3
ACM & SLA
200Mbps
When ACM is enabled and link degrades, highest priority services aremaintained
256QAM
128QAM
170Mbps
112
Mbps BestEffort
er
Proprietary and Confidential5
32QAM
Premium
Sil
The above diagram shows an example when 28MHz is used
IP-10 Enhanced ACM Support
8 modulation/coding working points (~3db system gain for each pointchange)
Hit-less and Error-less modulation/coding changes based on signalqua ty
Throughput per radio carrier: 10 to 50 Mbps @ 7MHz Channel
25 to 100 Mbps @ 14MHz Channel
45 to 220 Mbps @ 28 MHz Channel
90 to 500 Mbps @ 56 MHz Channel
Proprietary and Confidential
Zero downtime - A must for mission-critical services
6
MSE is analyzed to trigger
ACM modulation changes
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4
IP-10 radio capacity - ETSI
7MHz
ACM
Point
Modulat ion # of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 4 9.5 13.5
2 8 PSK 6 14 20
ACM
Point
Modulat ion # of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 8 20 - 29
2 8 PSK 12 29 - 41
14MHz
ACM
Point
Modulat ion # of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 16 38 - 54
ACM
Point
Modulat ion # of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 32 76 - 109
ACM
Point
Modulat ion # of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 23 56 - 80
4 32 QAM 10 24 34
5 64 QAM 12 28 40
6 128 QAM 13 32 46
7 256 QAM 16 38 54
8 256 QAM 18 42 60
-
4 32 QAM 20 49 70
5 64 QAM 24 57 82
6 128 QAM 29 69 - 98
7 256 QAM 34 81 - 115
8 256 QAM 37 87 - 12528MHz 40MHz 56MHz
Proprietary and Confidential
Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size
2 8 PSK 22 53 - 76
3 16 QAM 32 77 - 110
4 32 QAM 44 103 - 148
5 64 QAM 54 127 - 182
6 128 QAM 66 156 - 223
7 256 QAM 71 167 - 239
8 256 QAM 75 183 - 262
2 8 PSK 48 114 - 163
3 16 QAM 64 151 - 217
4 32 QAM 75 202 - 288
5 64 QAM 75 251 - 358
6 128 QAM 75 301 - 430
7 256 QAM 75 350 - 501
8 256 QAM 75 372 - 531
2 8 PSK 34 82 - 117
3 16 QAM 51 122 - 174
4 32 QAM 65 153 - 219
5 64 QAM 75 188 - 269
6 128 QAM 75 214 - 305
7 256 QAM 75 239 - 342
8 256 QAM 75 262 - 374
7
IP-10 radio capacity - FCC
10MHz
ACM
Point
Modulat ion # of
T1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 7 13 18
2 8 PSK 10 19 27
ACM
Point
Modulat ion # of
T1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 16 28 - 40
2 8 PSK 22 39 - 56
20MHz
ACM
Point
Modulat ion # of
T1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 22 39 - 55
ACM
Point
Modulat ion # of
T1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 37 65 - 93
ACM
Point
Modulat ion # of
T1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 31 56 - 80
4 32 QAM 18 32 46
5 64 QAM 24 42 61
6 128 QAM 28 50 71
7 256 QAM 30 54 78
8 256 QAM 33 60 85
-
4 32 QAM 38 67 - 96
5 64 QAM 52 93 - 133
6 128 QAM 58 102 - 146
7 256 QAM 67 118 - 169
8 256 QAM 73 129 - 18530MHz 40MHz 50MHz
Proprietary and Confidential
Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size
2 8 PSK 35 62 - 89
3 16 QAM 52 93 - 133
4 32 QAM 68 120 - 171
5 64 QAM 80 142 - 202
6 128 QAM 84 164 - 235
7 256 QAM 84 185 - 264
8 256 QAM 84 204 - 292
2 8 PSK 59 105 - 150
3 16 QAM 74 131 - 188
4 32 QAM 84 167 - 239
5 64 QAM 84 221 - 315
6 128 QAM 84 264 - 377
7 256 QAM 84 313 - 448
8 256 QAM 84 337 - 482
2 8 PSK 46 82 - 117
3 16 QAM 69 122 - 174
4 32 QAM 84 153 - 219
5 64 QAM 84 188 - 269
6 128 QAM 84 214 - 305
7 256 QAM 84 239 - 342
8 256 QAM 84 262 - 374
8
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IP-10 Enhanced radio capacity for Ethernet traffic
Intelligent Ethernet header compression mechanism (patent pending)
Improved effective Ethernet throughput by up to 45%
Ethernet
packet size (bytes)
Capacity i ncrease by
compression
64 45%
Proprietary and Confidential
128 22%
256 11%
512 5%
9
IP-10 Native2 radio dynamic capacity allocationExample: 28MHz channel bandwidth
Example
Modulation
Example
traffic mix
32QAM 128QAM 256QAM
All Ethernet 112Mbps 170Mbps 200Mbps
20 E1s + Ethernet 20 E1s + 66Mbps 20 E1s + 123Mbps 20 E1s + 154Mbps
44 E1s + Ethernet 44 E1s + 10Mbps 44 E1s + 67Mbps 44 E1s + 98Mbps
66 E1s + Ethernet - 66 E1s + 15Mbps 66 E1s + 47Mbps
Proprietary and Confidential
75 E1s + Ethernet - - 75 E1s + 25Mbps
10
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6
Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)
Its all about handling data...
Current Microwave systems are designed withAvailabi li ty Equal for al l Services
99.99 %
?
nXT1/E1
Proprietary and Confidential
Less availability can be accepted for many data services
Need for Services Classification :
Microwave systems shall treat services in d ifferent ways
11
Fewer Hops
1.28km fix rate200Mbps at 99 999%
1.28km fix rate200Mbps at 99 999% .
2.5km adaptive rate200Mbps at 99.99% and 40Mbps at 99.999%
.
2.5km adaptive rate200Mbps at 99.99% and 40Mbps at 99.999%
Proprietary and Confidential
0 1km 2km 3km
Assuming: 18GHz link, 28MHz channel, 1 ft antenna, Rain zone K (42mm/hr)
0 1km 2km 3km0 1km 2km 3km
Assuming: 18GHz link, 28MHz channel, 1 ft antenna, Rain zone K (42mm/hr)
Optional sol ution for several planning constrains
Example - Reducing Hops count until reaching fiber site
12
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7
Decreased tower loads: Wind, Space, Weight
Without Adaptive Modulation: requires 4 ft antennas
4.5km/2.8 miles path, 56MHz channel, 400Mbps, 256QAM, 99.999% availability
Modulation Throughput (Mbps) Availability (%) modulation
Outage 5 minutes and 15 seconds
256QAM (2) 400 99.999 4min, 28sec
Modulation Throughput (Mbps) Availability (%)
Unavailability of
modulation
Outage 5 minutes and 15 seconds
QPSK 80 99.999 5min, 3sec
With Adaptive Modulation: requires 1 ft antennas
Proprietary and Confidential
8PSK 120 99.998 9min, 3sec
16QAM 160 99.997 11min, 4sec
32QAM 210 99.996 16min, 42sec
64QAM 260 99.995 24min, 35sec
128QAM 320 99.992 37min, 35sec
256QAM (1) 360 99.989 55min, 33sec
256QAM (2) 400 99.985 1hr,18min, 13sec
Assumed rain zone K, 23 [GHz] bandSource: Ceragon Networks
Typical 4E1 radio
PSK 4xE1
ACM Benefit in TDM to IP migration scenario
SMOOTH Migration
7MHz channel
99.999% availability
7MHz channel
Upgrade to 4E1 + 40Mbps Ethernet
5 TIMES THE CAPACITY
Proprietary and Confidential
Same 7MHz channel
QPSK 256QAM with ACM
99.999% availability for the E1s
Low cost, scalable, pay as you grow
4xE1 + 40Mbps
Ethernet
7MHz channel
14
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8
Traffic Prioritization
When ACM is enabled and link degrades, highest priority services are
maintained while low services are dropped
When link capacity is recovered, low services are recovered as well
QoS is applied first to drop ETH low services
(e.g. Customer is advised to assign configure QoS to maintain In-Band
Management when link capacity degrades)
Proprietary and Confidential15
Each E1/T1 can be configured as High/Low priority TDM Low priority is dropped first
TDM High priority is dropped according to order of configuration
ACM Working Boundaries
Link capacity is determined according to License and applied script
ACM Script consists of Channel BW, max. Capacity and Modulation
Highest modem script is applied using MRMC configuration window
When Automatic State Propagation is enabled, GbE (SFP) port can be
configured to shutdown when ACM is below a pre-defined script
Proprietary and Confidential16
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9
ThankYou!
17
.
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
1
Introductionto802.1P/Q
Proprietary and Confidential
Prerequisites
Prior to taking this module, trainee should be familiar with thefollowin :
Ethernet Topologies
OSI 7 Layers model
Proprietary and Confidential2
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2
What is VLAN?
Advantages for using VLAN
AgendaAgenda
Tagged frame structure
Types of VLAN
Types of connections
802.1P implementations
Proprietary and Confidential3
A Layer 2 Protocol which enables enhanced
What is VLAN?
Prioritization Filtering
Provisioning Mapping (e.g. - ATM to/from ETH)
Proprietary and Confidential4
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What is VLAN?
Regular ETH networks forward broadcast frames to all endpoints
Proprietary and Confidential5
VLAN networks forward broadcast frames only to pre-defined ports
(Profile Membership)
What is VLAN?
VLAN 1
Switch ports
Proprietary and Confidential
VLAN 547
6
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Breaking large networks into smaller parts (Formation of virtual workgroups)
Advantages of VLAN
Simplified Administration (no need for re-cabling when user moves)
Improving Broadcast & Multicast traffic utilization
Mapping expensive backbones (ATM) to simpler & cheaper ETH backbones
Security establishing tunnels / trunks through the network for dedicated
Proprietary and Confidential
users tra ic between VLANs is restricted .
7
Before we start explaining bit by bit, what is VLAN
and how does it work, let us review first thestructure of a regular ETH frame
Proprietary and Confidential8
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Untagged Ethernet Frame
Preamble+SFD DA SA Length/Type DATA+PAD FCS
6 Bytes 6 Bytes8 Bytes 2 Bytes 46 - 1500 Bytes4 Bytes
(32-bit
CRC)
FCS is created by the sender and recalculated by the receiver
Minim um 64 Bytes < FRAME SIZE < Maximu m 1518 Bytes
Proprietary and Confidential
Lengt h / Type < 1500 - Parameter indicates number of Data Bytes
Lengt h / Type > 1536 - Parameter indicates Protocol Type (PPPoE, PPPoA, ARP etc.)
9
Additional information is inserted
Frame size increases to 1522 Bytes
Tagged Ethernet Frame
4 Bytes
Preamble
+
SFD DA SA Length
/
Type DATA
+
PAD FCS
TCI
VLAN
TAG
TPID=0x88A8
Proprietary and Confidential10
TPID = Tag protocol ID
TCI = Tag Control Information
CFI = 1 bit canonical Format Indicator
3 Bit 1 Bit 12 Bit
CFIPTAG VLANID
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6
VLAN ID uses 12 bits, therefore the number of maximum VLANs is 4096:
Tagging a Frame
2^12 = 4096
VID 0 = reserved
VID 4090-4096 = reserved (dedicated for IP-10s internal purposes such as MNG etc.)
VID 1 = default
After tagging a frame, FCS is recalculated
CFI is set to 0 for ETH frames, 1 for Token Ring to allow TR frames over
Proprietary and Confidential
(some vendors may use CFI for internal purposes)
11
Protocoltype Value
TaggedFrame 0x8100
ARP 0x0806
TPID in tagged frames in always set to
0x8100
It is im ortant that ou understand the
TPID / ETHER-Type / Protocol Type
n x
QinQ(othervendors) 0x88A8
QinQ(othervendors) 0x9100
Qin
Q
(other
vendors) 0x9200
RARP 0x8035
IP 0x0800
IPv6 0x86DD
meaning and usage of this parameter
Later when we discuss QoS, we shalldemonstrate how & why the system
audits this parameter
Proprietary and Confidential
PPPoE 0x8863/0x8864
MPLS 0x8847/0x8848
ISIS 0x8000
LACP 0x8809
802.1x 0x888E
12
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7
Every switch port is associated with specific VLAN membership
PRO easy configured
VLAN Membership: By Port
For example ports 1,2 & # can see each other but cannot PING
other ports (different VLAN membership)
Proprietary and Confidential13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VLAN 1
VLAN2
2
VLAN5
VLAN3
33
VLAN9
VLAN1
00
PRO user mobility, no
reconfiguration when PC
moves
VLAN Membership: By MAC
initially, not an easy task
with thousands of
endpoints 00:20:8f:40:15:31
00:20:8f:40:15:3000:20:8f:40:15:ef
VLAN 44
Proprietary and Confidential14
00:33:ef:38:01:23
00:33:ef:38:01:2500:33:ef:38:01:a0
VLAN 5
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Membership is based on the Layer 3 header
No process of IP address is done
Main disadvantage longer overall throughput
VLAN Membership: By Subnet (L3 VLAN)
10.10.10.12
10.10.10.12210.10.10.13
VLAN 44
Proprietary and Confidential15
11.1.1.10.12
11.1.1.10.2311.1.1.10
VLAN 5
Access Port a port which is not aware of VLANs
(Cannot tag outgoing frames or un-tag incoming frames)
Port Types
VLANawareSwitch
A
Proprietary and Confidential
Device unaware of VLANs
transmits untagged
(regular) ETH frames
Switch tags the ingress
frames with VID according
to specific Tagging
mechanism
16
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Trunk Port a port which is aware of VLANs
(Can tag or un-tag incoming frames)
Port Types
VLANawareSwitch
A T
Proprietary and Confidential
Device unaware of VLANs
transmits untagged
(regular) ETH frames
Switch tags the ingress frames with VID according to
specific Tagging mechanism
Switch un-tags frames with VID received from network
and delivers untagged frames to Access ports
17
Trunk Port can carry tagged frames with different VIDs.
This requires Port Membership configuration.
Port Types
VLANawareSwitch
AT
Proprietary and Confidential
ThisportisnotamemberoftheTrunk
portmembershiplist,hence,trafficis
discarded
18
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Additional VLAN (S-VLAN) is inserted
Frame size increases to 1526 Bytes
Q-in-Q
4 Bytes
Preamble+SFD DA SA Length/Type DATA+PAD FCSSVLAN CVLAN
4 Bytes
Proprietary and Confidential19
3 Bit 1 Bit 12 Bit
CFI
= x
PTAG VLANIDCFI PTAGVLANID
= x
Q-in-Q (A.K.A. Double TaggingVLAN Encapsulation)
Port Types
VLAN
awareSwitchCN PN
+
Proprietary and Confidential
Enhanced security not exposing original VID
Improved flexibility of VID in the network
(Ingress VID was already assigned in the network)
20
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11
Introduction to QoS / CoS
21
We can extend the benefits of ATM QoS into Ethernet LANs to guarantee Ethernet priorities
across the ATM backbone. A L2 switch or L3 router reads incoming 802.1p or IP ToS priority
bits, and classifies traffic accordingly.
Mapping ATM QoS over ETH CoS (RFC 1483)
To match the priority level with the appropriate ATM service class and other parameters, the
switch then consults a mapping table with pre-defined settings.
CBR
VBR
UBR
P-Tag 6
P-Tag 4
P-Tag 0
Proprietary and Confidential
Core
Site
Hub
Site
Tail site
RNC
BSC/MSC
FibeAirIP-10
n x T1/E1
FE/GE
GE
GE
STM1/
OC3
ATM
Router
MPLSRouterIP-10
22
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12
Mapping ETH to MPLS and vice versa
IP-10s L2 switch can take part in the process of transporting
services through MPLS core
Hub
SiteRNCFE/GE
GE
GE
Frames/services are mapped to MPLS FECs according to:
VLAN ID mapped to MPLS EXP bits
VLAN P-Bit mapped to MPLS EXP bits
Proprietary and Confidential
Core
Site
Tail site
BSC/MSC
FibeAirIP-10
n x T1/E1
STM1/
OC3
STM1/
OC3
MPLSRouter
MPLSRouterIP-10
23
Ingress
NumberofAvailableTrafficClassesIEEE Recommendation
VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0(default) 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2
3 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 3
0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4
e o ow ng a e s ows
IEEE definition of traffic
classes
It shows the ingress optionsfor P-Tag VS. egress P-tag
The number of egress
Proprietary and Confidential
5 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 5
6 0 1 2 3 3 4 5 6
7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
EgressPTag
on the number of assigned
queues
24
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13
The default priority used for transmission by end stations is 0
With a single queue, there are no choices. All traffic is Best Effort
VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes)
Multiple queues are needed to isolate Network Control from the user data traffic
Proprietary and Confidential25
Acronyms
ETH Ethernet NIC Network Internet Card an VLAN Virtual LAN P-TAG Priority Tag, Priority Bits CFI Canonical Format Indicator TPID Tag Protocol Identifier FCS Frame Check Sequence DA Destination Address SA Source Address
Proprietary and Confidential
QoS Quality of Service
26
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14
Associated IEEE Standards
IEEE802.3 :Ethernet(Max.framesize=1518bytes)
IEEE802.3ac :Ethernet(Max. frame size = 1522 bytes)
IEEE802.1d :MACBridgefirstintroducedtheconceptofFilteringServicesinabridgedlocalnetwork
IEEE802.1q :VLANTagging
Proprietary and Confidential27
IEEE
802.1
p
:Priority
Tagging
/Mapping
IEEE802.1ag :OAM(CFM)
ThankYou!
Proprietary and Confidential
28
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1
Ceragon in a Nutshell
Ceragon FibeAir Family
Carrier Ethernet Switch TDM Cross Connect
ACM Ch-STM1/
OA&M Service Management Security
XPIC
Proprietary and Confidential2
Native2 Radio
Ethernet + TDM
OC3
Terminal
Mux
E1/T1FastEthernet
Gigabit
Ethernet
10-500Mbps, 7-56MHz
RFU (6-38GHz)
Multi
Radio
SD/FD
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2
RFUs
FibeAir RFU-HP FibeAir RFU-HS FibeAir RFU-P FibeAir RFU-C FibeAir RFU-D
Proprietary and Confidential
High power(e.g. Smaller antennas reduced cost)
Standard power
3
ISPs
CERAGON MAST - Mobile Architecture
for Service Transport
Fixed
Cable
TV
Networks
CellularBackhaul RuralAccess
Proprietary and Confidential4
PDH
IPDSLAM
PSTN
xDSL
Subscribers
SDH/SONETRING
IP/ETH
Customer
Network
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3
CERAGON MAST - Mobile Architecture
for Service Transport
Complete end-to-end network architecture, powering operators
with a highly efficient, scalable and cost-optimized solution for
Regardless of transport technology or the service being carried MAST
offers a complete set of tools to ensure high QoS & full OA&M
functionality across entire networks
Allows risk-free migration to IP/Ethernet
Simplifies fixed and mobile network designs
Giving operators a single point of contact for all the transport, networking and service
Proprietary and Confidential5
delivery needs A true end-to-end, service-oriented package
MAST allows customers to design highly scalable, flexible and future-proof
networks in a simple and cost efficient manner
FibeAir IP-10R1 Main features
UniqueAdaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)
Integrated Carrier Ethernet switching functionality
Enhanced QoS for differentiated services
Supported configurations 1+0
1+1 HSB Ful ly-redundant!
Nodal solution with ring
Proprietary and Confidential
Extensive and secure management solution
6
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4
IP-10R1 Integrated Carrier Ethernet switch
3 modes for Ethernet switching:
Metro sw itch Carrier Ethernet switching is enabled
Mana ed Switch 802.1 L2 switch
Smart pipe Carrier Ethernet switching is disabled
Only a single Ethernet interface is enabled for user traffic
The unit operates as a point-to-point Ethernet MW radio
IP-10
Radio
IP-10
RadioEthernet Ethernet
Proprietary and Confidential
interface interface
Smart pipe modeMetro/Managed switch mode
Interfaces Interface
Carrier EthernetSwitch
Extensive Carrier Ethernet f eature-set
eliminates the need for external switches7
IP-10R1 radio capacity - ETSI7MHz
ACM
PointModulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 4 9.5 13.5
2 8 PSK 6 14 20
ACM
PointModulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 8 20 - 29
2 8 PSK 12 29 - 41
14MHz
ACM
PointModulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 16 38 - 54
ACM
PointModulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 16 76 - 109
ACM
PointModulation
# of
E1s
Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)
1 QPSK 16 56 - 80
4 32 QAM 10 24 34
5 64 QAM 12 28 40
6 128 QAM 13 32 46
7 256 QAM 16 38 54
8 256 QAM 16 42 60
-
4 32 QAM 16 49 70
5 64 QAM 16 57 82
6 128 QAM 16 69 - 98
7 256 QAM 16 81 - 115
8 256 QAM 16 87 - 12528MHz 40MHz 56MHz
Proprietary and Confidential
2 8 PSK 16 53 - 76
3 16 QAM 16 77 - 110
4 32 QAM 16 103 - 148
5 64 QAM 16 127 - 182
6 128 QAM 16 156 - 223
7 256 QAM 16 167 - 239
8 256 QAM 16 183 - 262
2 8 PSK 16 114 - 163
3 16 QAM 16 151 - 217
4 32 QAM 16 202 - 288
5 64 QAM 16 251 - 358
6 128 QAM 16 301 - 430
7 256 QAM 16 350 - 501
8 256 QAM 16 372 - 531
2 8 PSK 16 82 - 117
3 16 QAM 16 122 - 174
4 32 QAM 16 153 - 219
5 64 QAM 16 188 - 269
6 128 QAM 16 214 - 305
7 256 QAM 16 239 - 342
8 256 QAM 16 262 - 374
8
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5
Wireless Carrier Ethernet RingExample conf iguration (1+0 ring)
N x GE/FE
N x GE/FE N x GE/FE
Wireless
Carrier Ethernet
Ring
Proprietary and Confidential
(up to 500Mbps)
Integrated EthernetSwitching
N x GE/FE
9
Native2 Microwave Radio Technology
At the heart of the IP-10 solution is Ceragon's market-leading Native2
microwave technology.
With this technology, the microwave carrier supports native IP/Ethernet.
Neither traffic type is mapped over the other, while both dynamically sharethe same overall bandwidth.
This unique approach allows you to plan and build optimal all-IP or hybrid
TDM-IP backhaul networks which make it ideal for any RAN (Radio Access
Network)
Proprietary and Confidential
In addition, Native2 ensures:
Very low link latency of
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Native Ethernet
Carrier Ethernet (MW links) SDH/SONET (Hybrid Fiber/MW)
NG-SDH/SONET complementary solution
Carrier Ethernet at the access, NG-SDH/SONET at the aggregation
Core
HubSite
Tail sit e FibeAirIP-10 NG-SDH
MSPP
RNC
FibeAirIP-10 NG-SDH
MSPP
FE/GEGE
GE
Proprietary and Confidential
Ethernet services are
transported natively
over Carrier Ethernet
based MW radio links.
NG-SDH/SONET MSPP
node acts as gateway
between the Carrier
Ethernet and NG-
SDH/SONET based
networks.
Ethernet services
are mapped over
SDH/SONET
SDH/SONET MW
links are used where
fiber connections not
available
11
Native Ethernet
Carrier Ethernet (MW links)
IP/MPLS complementary solut ionCarrier Ethernet at the access, IP/MPLS at the aggregation
IP/MPLS (Hybrid Fiber/MW)
Ethernet PWs or IProutin
Core
HubSite
Tail sit e FibeAirIP-10
RNC
FibeAirIP-10
FE/GEGE
GE
MPLSRouter
MPLSRouter
Proprietary and Confidential
e
Both Ethernet and
E1/T1 services are
mapped over MPLS
using pseudo-wires
or routed using IP
High-capacity IP/MPLS-
aware" Ethernet MW
radio is used where fiber
connections not available
IP/MPLS edge router acts
as gateway between the
Carrier Ethernet and
IP/MPLS based networks.
Ethernet services are
transported natively
over Carrier Ethernet
based MW radio links.
12
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IP-10R1 integrated QoS support - overview
4 CoS/priority queues per switch port
Advanced CoS/priority classification basedon L2/L3 header fields:
Source PortPriority Queues
. p
VLAN ID
IPv4 DSCP/TOS, IPv6 TC
Highest priority to BPDUs
Advanced ingress traffic rate-limitingper CoS/priority
Flexible scheduling scheme per port Strict priority (SP)
- g es pr or y
W2
W3
W4 lowest r iori t
Scheduling
departures
Classify
Arriv als
Proprietary and Confidential
Weighted Round Robin (WRR) Hybrid any combination of SP & WRR
Shaping per port
Support differentiated Ethernet services
with SLA assurance
13
IEEE 802.1ag CFM (Connect ivity Fault Management)
Proprietary and Confidential
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FibeAir IP-10G IDU: A Nodal Solut ion
Proprietary and Confidential15
STM
Rings
Cellulartraffic
(TDM)
FibeAir IP-10G IDU: A Nodal Solut ion
Proprietary and Confidential16
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IP-10G VS. IP-10FFeature F-Series G-Series
Supported radio configurations 1+0, 1+1 HSB, 1+1 SD
1+0, 1+1 HSB, 1+1 SD,
2+0 with XPIC
2+2 HSB with XPIC
XPIC option - Yes
Max radio capacity 100 Mbps500Mbps1Gbps using 2+0/XPIC
Multi-radio support - Yes
# of Ethernet interfaces 5 x FE RJ-455 x FE RJ-45+2 x GE com bo (RJ-45/SFP)
Full Carrier Ethernet switchin gfeature-set including ring p rotection
Yes Yes
# o f E1/T1 i nteg rated IDU i nter fac es o pti on 16 E1, No ne 16 E1, 16T1, No ne
Proprietary and Confidential19
# of E1/T1s per radio carrier 44 E1s 75 E1s / 84 T1s
T-Card slot (additional 16 E1/T1 interfaces orSTM1/OC3 Mux)
- Yes
Nodal/XC/SNCP support Yes Yes
Sync unit option Yes Yes
V.11/RS232 User Channel option -2 x Async V.11/RS232 or1 x Sync V.11
Outdoor Enclosures Solution Benefits
Full Outdoor solution:
Dust and weather proof
Compact size reduces the cost of leasing orpurchasing rack space.
Ideal for Greenfield areas, at solar-powered sites,and at repeater sites adjacent to highways.
One-man installation and shorter cabling reduceinstallation costs.
Proprietary and Confidential
Environment-friendly: Greener deployments, savingon power and air-conditioning costs.
20
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11
Typical IP10
Higher Spectral-EfficiencyWhats in it for The Operator?
Microwave Radio MicrowaveRadio
RequiredCapacity
155200Mbps
TWOradio links
or
56MHzchannelbandwidth
ONEradiolink
using
28MHzchannelbandwidth
RequiredCapacity
70100Mbps
28MHz
ChannelBandwidth
14MHz
ChannelBandwidth
Proprietary and Confidential
TheoperatorsavesCAPEX
andfreeupvaluablefrequencyresources
21
Higher Spectral-Efficiency is not enough
RadioType Ant.Diameter Length Modulation Capacity
TypicalSystemGain 1.80m 30Km 16QAM 32xE1s
TypicalSystemGain 1.80m 21Km 128QAM STM1/OC3
TypicalSystemGain 3.00m 30Km 128QAM STM1/OC3
HighSystemGain 1.80m 30km 128QAM STM1/OC3HighSystemGain
Proprietary and Confidential22
shouldalwaysbecoupledwith
SpectralEfficiency
SystemGain
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Ceragons Management Overview
Proprietary and Confidential23
IP-10 FibeAir
Tree Topology
Proprietary and Confidential24
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Proprietary and Confidential
10
Front Panel Description
Proprietary and Confidential
Front Panel Overview
2
Lets go over the front panel connections of the IP-10 G-Series
We shall explain them one by one, left to right
GUI Example)
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Proprietary and Confidential
CLI Serial Connection
3
DB9 Craft Line Interface (CLI)
Baud: 115200
Data bits: 8Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow Control: None
Proprietary and Confidential
EOW Easy Comm. Via Radio
4
Engineering Order Wire
To communicate with your colleague on the
other side of the radio link, simply connect
here your headset
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Proprietary and Confidential
External Alarms
5
DB9 Dry Contact External Alarms
The IP-10 supports 5 input alarms and a single output alarm
The input alarms are configurable according to:1) Intermediate, 2) Critical, 3) Major, 4) Minor and 5) Warning
The output alarm is configured according to predefined categories
Proprietary and Confidential
LED Indications
6
ORANGE - minor BER alarm on radio
,
( )
()
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4
Proprietary and Confidential
LED Indications
7
PROT: Main unit GREEN (when there no alarms)
STBY unit:YELLOW (when there no alarms)
ORANGE Forced switch, Protection lock
RED physical errors (no cable, cable failure)
OFF Protection is disabled, or not supported on
device
RMT: GREEN remote unit OK (no alarms)
ORANGE minor alarm on remote unit
RED major alarm on remote unit
Proprietary and Confidential
User Channels (1)
8
Two software-selectable user channels (RJ-45):
A single synchronous channel OR two asynchronous channels
Each asynchronous channel will make use of its own RJ-45 external
interface
The synchronous channel mode will make use of both interfaces
(acting as a single interface)
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Proprietary and Confidential
User Channels (2)
9
Modes of operation:
V.11 Asynchronous (9600bps)
RS-232 Asynchronous (9600bps)
V.11 Synchronous Co-Directional (64Kbps)
V.11 Synchronous Contra Directional (64Kbps)
Proprietary and Confidential
User Channels (3)
10
Allowed configurations:
Two RS-232 Asynchronous UCs (default)
Two V.11 Asynchronous UCs
One RS-232 Asynchronous UC, and one V.11 Asynchronous UC
One V.11 Synchronous Co-Directional
One V.11 Synchronous Contra Directional UC
> All settings are copied to Mate when working in Protected mode
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Protection Port
11
Protection Port (only for standalone units)
Protect your Main unit with a STBY unit
Protection ports on both units deliver the proprietary protocol tosupport automatic or manual switchover
The FE protection port is static (only used for protection, not traffic). Its switching is performed
electrically. If the unit is a stand-alone, an external connection is made through the front panel. If the
unit is connected to a backplane, the connection is through the backplane, while the front panel port
is unused.
Proprietary and Confidential
T-Cards (Add-on Mezzanines)
12
Field upgradeable modules (T-Cards):
16 x E1 T-Card (32 total per unit)
DS1