Download - Cells & Bacteria Wrap Up!
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Cells & BacteriaWrap Up!
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Today’s Lesson• We will have most of the major information needed for
the test in a little over 2 weeks.• Our main topics are:– Difference between animal and plant cells– Basic Reproduction of Cells– Solutions– Diffusion– Turgidity– Communities & Addresses– Simple Food Webs– Pathogens (Bacteria, Fungi & Viruses)
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Animal Cells
• Animal cells are different than plant cells. They have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondrion and a nucleus.
• The shape of an animal cell varies.
• The nucleus is in the middle of the cell
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Plant Cells
• Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, cytoplasmic membrane (cyctoplasm) and a mitochondrion.
• Plants have tough cell walls made out of cellulose.
• They can have a large hole in the middle filled with sap.
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Solutions
• A solution is made up of two parts, the solute and the solvent.
• The solute (can be solid) dissolves in the solvent.
• A concentrated solution has a lot of solute dissolved in the solvent.
• A dilute solution has a small amount of solute dissolved in the solvent.
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Diffusion
• Diffusion is the movement of particles from a high concentration to a lower concentration until they spread out evenly ().
• Osmosis is the passage of water molecules from a dilute solution into a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane (some liquid can get through).
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Turgidity
• When a cell increases the amount of water, it is said to be turgid.
• When water is lost from the cell, it is said to have wilted (plant) or flaccid (animal).
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Communities & Addresses
• Animals live in different areas. It can be described depending on different areas:– Biosphere (planet)– Biogeographic Region (continent)– Biome (part of continent)– Habitat (suburb or local area)– Microhabitat (direct area where the living
organism lives)
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Simple Food Web
• A food web shows which animals eat each other.
• Remember that there needs to be less animals the further up the food chain you go.
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Pathogens
• Bacteria (細菌 ), viruses (病毒 ) and fungi (真菌 ) are all microbes (微生物 ). The microbes that cause disease are called pathogens (病原體 )
• Not all bacteria, viruses and fungi cause disease. Some diseases are also not caused by microbes.
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Bacteria
• Bacteria are cells large enough to be seen under a microscope.
• Bacteria has a cell wall, but no proper nucleus (核 ). They just have a loop of DNA.
• Some bacteria are helpful (medication), but some cause diseases.
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Bacteria #2
• Bacteria go through 4 different phases of growth. They are lag, exponential, stationary and death.
• They tend to grow together as a colony.
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Fungi
• Fungi cause disease such as ringworm (癬 ) and athletes foot (運動員的腳 )
• They release enzymes (酶 ) that digest the food outside the fungus. For athletes foot, they eat skin.
• Fungi reproduce by making spores (孢子 )
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Viruses
• Viruses are parasites (寄生蟲 ), which means they need a host for food and to be able to reproduce.
• Viruses can only exist (be found) inside living cells.
• Viruses reproduce very quickly and do not respond to antibiotics (抗生素 ).