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Cell Structures, Functions and Transport
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Prokaryotic Cells:
Two Types of Cells: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Prokaryotic Cell
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Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by
membranes Most living organismsPlant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
1. Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts:
1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
2. Ribosomes Function: makes proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and
eukaryotic
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery
system of the cell
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
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Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types:
1. Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has
ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s
why it has ribosomes
2. Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Complex
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
4. Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and
transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)
Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: to break down food into
particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
6. Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation
Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell
activities that require energy
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Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
7. Vacuoles Function: stores water
This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts
*Found in Plant & Animal Cells- Much Bigger in Plant cells!
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Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
8. Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun
to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of
chlorophyll, which is a green pigment
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Chloroplasts
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
9. Cell Wall Function: provides support and
protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in
plant cells
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Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
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Comparing Plant and Animal CellsPlant Animal