Download - Cell Structure and Organization
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Cell Structure and Organization
-Plant cells have an outer boundary called cell wall which
surrounds the plasma membrane (bersebelahan)
Living component of cell
(protoplasm)
Cytoplasm Nucleus
______-__
Contain tiny structure calledOrganelles-cellular component
that perform specific function Within
the cell
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-Separates the content of a cell from its external environment
-Control the activities in and out of a cell
- Place where biochemical reactions- Most living processes occur within the cell
-Maintains the shape of plant cell-
-Stores chemical such as acids,sugar,amino acid,mineral salts
-plant elongation by absorb water and causing it expand
Cell sap
tonoplast
Young plant has smaller vacuole than matured plants
STUCTURE VACUOLE
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
CELL WALL
VACUOLE
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- Controls all cellular activities
- (DNA) determines the characteristic of a cell andmetabolic functions
RED- Nucleolus (dense, darker)LINES- Chromatin - (carries genetic material in the form DNA)
Cell wall=Nuclear envelope
(separates the contents from cytoplasm)Cytoplasm=nucleoplasm
VACUOLE
-Sites of cellular respiration
-ENERGY is generatedMITOCHONDRIA
-(its connected to r.e.r)-Sites ofPROTEINRIBOSOMES
-ROUGH ER = transport protein made by ribosome in a cell
-SMOOTH ER = Synthesis lipids
ERENDOPLASMIC RECTICULUM
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-MODIFIES proteins and carbohydrates
-TRANSPORT proteins to other part of cell
-SORT AND PACKAGES proteins in secretory vehiclesGOLGIAPPARATUS
-Function as digestive compartments
-lysosomes fuse with food vacuole to
form enzymeLYSOSOMES
-Form Spindle Fibres during cell division
in animal cellCENTRIOLES
-Chlorophyll trap energy from sunlightAnd converts light energy into Chemicalenergy during photosynthesis
-Green pigment gives the green colour leaf
CHLOROPLASTS
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Comparison between the structures of animal and plant cell
SIMILARITIES-both have nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum ,
plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus , mitochondria
Structure Animal cell Plant cell
SHAPE Do not have fixed shape Have a fixed shape
Cell wall Do not have cell wall Have cell wall
Chloroplast Do not have chloroplasts Have chloroplast
Food storage Carbohydrates stores in
Glycogen
Carbohydrates stores in
the form ofstarch
Centrioles Have centrioles Do not have centrioles
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Used an organelles in cells
Mitochondria-energy in the form ofATP
Chloroplasts
R.e.r and Golgi Apparatus
SPERM CELLS- to swim towards ovumMUSCLE CELLS- contact and relax to enable movement and flight
MERISTEMATIC CELL(immature plant )- reproduce newcell during active division
PALISADE MESOPHYLL CELL- absorb sunlightduring photosynthesis
Pancreatic cell secrete enzymes and hormones
Salivary glands secretes enzymes
Stomach epithelium secrete digestive enzymes
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S.E.R
GolgiApparatus
Liver Cells- carbohydrates metabolism and
detoxification of drugs and poisons
Goblet cells- secrete mucus
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CELL
TISSUES
ORGANS
SYSTEMS
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
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TISSUES Epithelial tissue _______________ Muscle tissue
_______________
Nerve Tissue
_______________ Connective Tissue
_______________________________________
Epithelial Tissue
Skin/lining of the
mouth and esophagus
Form a protective barrier against infections,
mechanical injuries, chemicalsBody cavities, heart,
blood vessels and
lungsAlveoli-exchange of gases
Small intestine Absorb nutrients after digestion completed
Glands, ducts,
kidney tubulesTo form glands in the skin
Trachea They have cilia and secrete mucus
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MUSCLE TISSUE (most abundant tissue in most animals)
Smooth Muscle Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle-voluntary movement contract to pump blood
NERVE TISSUE
-Control the coordinate and activities of the body-Composed of neurons (consist of dendrites and axon)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
-Bones , Blood , Lymph, Fat cells
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SYSTEM
-Nervous system , Skeletal system , Circulatory system, Digestive system,Respiratory system, Excretory system, Reproductive system, Muscular
system, (skin)Integumentary system, Endocrine system, Lymphatic system
MERISTEMATIC TISSUES(CONSIST OF SMALL CELLS WHICH HAVE THIN WALLS )
Apical meristems -tip of root and buds of shoots whichundergo meiotic Cell Division
(increase number of cell
) Lateral meristems/cambiaperipheral areas of stems androot which responsible for Secondary growth (add girth)
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PERMANENT TISSUE
(MORE MATURE CELLS)
Contains guard cell control the opening and
closing the stomata
Epidermal Tissue
Ground Tissue
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.PARENCHYMA TISSUE
STORE PRODUCTSOF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Palisade mesophyll
cells and spongy mesophyll cells
contain chloroplast and carry outphotosynthesis
To support in
herbaceous plants Provides protection
and support
the plants
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ROOT HAIR CELL