Download - CEG_Cards_2016_A4 v 6
LITHOLOGY 1
Confidence Index - 1: positive 2: confident 3: probable 4: guess
pad fillPF
SURFICIAL DEPOSITS
gravelGr
perched gravelGrp
fluvial sedsFs alluviumAlvglacial tillGlt screeSc
soilSo
conglomerateSCg
SSdb carb sandstone
SEDIMENTS (S)
SAr arkoseSSd sandstone
calc sandstoneSSdc
SSsc calc siltstone
SSs siltstone
SSsb carb siltstone
lamin siltstoneSSsl
SMsb carb mudstone
SMs mudstoneSMsf fer mudstone
calc mudstoneSMsc
SShg graphitic shale
SMsp peb mudstone
SSh shale
carb shaleSShb
SCl chalk
SGw greywake
SCh chert
limestoneSLs
SEv evaporite
SLso oolitic limestone
SLsc marly limestone
gneissMGn
MSk skarn
METAMORPHICS (M)
MHf hornfels
MMb marble
mt skarnMSKmt
MSkgtep gt-ep skarn
MSkmtgt mt-gt skarnMSkgt gt skarn
ep skarnMSkep
MSksc sc skarn
MSkac ac skarn
MSkdp di skarn
meta basaltMVb
MSd meta sandstone
MMs meta mudstone
MSs meta siltstone
phylliteMPh
MShg green schist
MSh schist
MShp glauc schist
amphiboliteMSha
MHfp pyx hornfels
MShu granuliteMHfh hb hornfels
LITHOLOGY DATA RECORDING COLUMNS
LITH BXT BXC BXM %BM CI
S**
bx type/faciesM**
bx clastsV**
bx matrix
I**
% bx matrix
confidence index
IDY**IDM**
IH**
IP**
sedimentarymetamorphic
volcanic
igneous
dykedome
hypabyssal
plutonic
glacial moraineGmor
r
clast rounding
SKE endoskarnSKX exoskarn
OXIDATION STATE
Complete OxidationStrongly OxidisedModerately OxidisedWeakly OxidisedTrace OxidationUnoxidised
- no sulphides remaining
- trace Sx, strong FeO development
- approx 50% Sx oxidised- most Sx preserved, signif FeO on partings- trace FeO on partings, Sx- fresh, no FeO, Sx
5
34
210
MINERAL EXPLORATION
Mine concentrate grab
DDH selectRCH composite
Open hole composite
Mine mill feedSoil pit BLEG
DDH composite
GEOLOGICAL REFERENCE CODES
Mine dump grabFloat Sample
Pit channel sample
Subcrop grab
Outcrop pannel
Outcrop grab
Outcrop channelOutcrop chip
SAMPLE TYPE
SCGR
PTCH
OCPN
OCCH
OCRC
OCGR
FLGR
MIDP
Soil auger mesh
MIFDSOAGSOBL
OHCO
RCCO
DDSL
DDCO
MICOSoil pit meshSOPT
Mobile metal ionSMMI
Underground Select
Underground channelUnderground chipUGRC
UGCH
UGSL
SSED BLEG
SSED meshSSMS
SSBL
S J MELDRUM
2016
PORPHYRY, SKARN & EPITHERMAL SYSTEMS
ver 6 / 2016
Calle las Tres Marias 363/6
Monterrico, Surco
Lima. Peru
CEL: ++51 19 9906 8514
SSED pan conSSPC
ferricreteFct
SLsd dirty LS
SLsh sinkhole fill
B bedded
SLd dolomite
SLsy shelly limestone
SVcl volcaniclasticSFlch flysch seds
quartziteMQzMMg migmatite
GB graded beddingRB reverse bedding I induratedCB cross bedded F fossiliferous
Features:SNd sinter distal apr <35
SNn sinter near vent >60
SNs sinter mid slope <60
LITHOLOGY 2
VOLCANICS (V)
igneous designatorintrusive faciescompositionphenocrysts / crystalstexturesgrain sizefeatures
volcanic designatorcomposition
minerals (abundance order)volc facies
grain sizefeatures
COMPOSITION
D dacite
A andesite
rhyodaciteRDR rhyolite
basaltB
BA basaltic andesite
P phonolite
TA trachyandesite
tephriteEL latiteT trachyite
VOLCANIC FACIES
clt crystal lithic tuff
ct crystaltuff
lithic tufflt
ft pyroclastic flowtufftat ash tuff
lpt accret lapilli tuff
vtt vitric tuff
fragmentalfgm
lhr laharba block and ash
MINERALS
b biotite
h hornblendepyroxenep
m magnetite
quartzq
f feldspar
GRAIN SIZE
fm fine to medium
mediummmc medium coarse
very finevf
f finec coarse
pillow basaltpign ignimbrite
FEATURES
VE vessicularL leucocratic
W weldedflow bandedFB
D melanocratic
RB reverse graded beddedGB graded bedded
EXAMPLES
VAct fhq D dark andesitic crystal tuff with feld hornblend and quartz crystals/phenos
VRDign fqh W welded rhyodacitic ignimbrite with feld & quartz phenos/crystals
EXTRACT AS MUCH INFORMATION IN A CODED FORM AS POSSIBLE
LITHOLOGY 3
INTRUSIVES (I)
INTRUSIVE FACIES
IP plutonicIH hypabyssaldykeIDY
IDM dome
pg pegmatite
gb gabbro
lamprophyrelasp serpentenitemonzonitemz
mzg monzogabbrosy syenite
pl aplite
COMMON MINERALS
b biotite
h hornblendepyroxenep
m magnetite
quartzq
f feldspar
ROCK TEXTURES
PE porph > equigranularaphaniticA
PA porphyritic, aphanitic gmass equigranularEP porphyritic
G graphictic
FEATURES
VE vessicular
L leucocratic FY feltyflow bandedFB
D melanocratic
COMPOSITION
an andesitic
dm microdiorite
daciticdard rhyodacitic
doleritedo
di diorite
gd granodiorite
g granitic
tonaliteto
rh rhyolitic
GRAIN SIZE
fm fine to mediummediumm
mc medium coarsevery finevf
f fine c coarse
olivineo
a augite
VT vitric
ba basaltic andesite
EP equi > porphyritic
BRECCIA FACIES TABLE
BRECCIA FACIES TABLE CONTD
g glass DXproximalPXdistal
FACIES
VI vitric
a augite
UT tephra CR crystal crowded
fl lava flow
CR crystal crowded
BXi intrusion bx
BRECCIAS (BX)
BXf fault bx
BXt tectonic bx
jigsaw bxBXj
BXs pseudomicro bx
BXc crackle bx
BXp
phreatic bx
rock flour bxBXr
BXb pebble bx
BXrc rf-clastic bx
BXh hydrothermal bx
very angularva
CLAST ROUNDING (r)
an angularsub-angularsa
sr sub-roundedroundedro
wr well rounded
ploymictPL
BRECCIA CLASTS (BXC)
ML monolithicmeta sedsMS
IG igneousporphyryPO
MM metamorphic
*** 'specified lithologies'
quartzqz
fe iron oxides
BRECCIA MATRIX (BXM)
qz-sx qz-sulphide
sx sulphide
qz-fe oxqz-fe
ja jarosite
qz-al qz-alunite
al alunite
qz-jarositeqz-ja
al-pf al-pyrophyllite
cl clay
pf pyrophyllite
OR - a lithology or other mineral species
LITHOLOGY 4
BXv volcanic bx
BXg phreatomagmatic
BXp
phreatic bx
BX9
BX1
BX4
BX3
BX6
BX7
TECTONIC
PHREATIC
BX2
coarse poor sort
coarse well sort
fine poor sort (dykes)
fine well sort (dykes)
hydrothermal matrix
qz clast qz matrix
ign matrix fine
BXl acid drain back bx BX8 ha cl matrix
BXg phreatomagmatic BX5 ign matrix coarse
BXd diatreme bx
BSs barren silica shoulder pseudo bx coarse qz-al alt
FACIES
alternative
rf rock flour
typical to high sulphidation
porphyry/breccia complexes
ALTERATION
nul0 trace1 weak2 moderate3 strong4 intense5
PS sub propylitic
ALTERATION FACIES (AFAC)
UA unaltered
PR propylitic
potassicPT
AR argillic
IA intermediate arg
AA - acid sulphate facies
SV silica vuggy
CS clay silica
SM silica massive
vein selvageVNS
ALTERATION STYLE (ASTY)
sed selectSED
adulariaad
ax andalusite
ALT MINERALS (AMIN)
al alunite (udif)
aK K-alunite
clay (udif)cl
di diaspore
do dolomite
dk dickite
pyrophyllitepf
se sericite
qz quartz
sc scapolite
pervasivePERPAT patchyFRC fracture
structureSTRBXM bx matrixBXC bx clast
clottedCLTCAV cavities
mordenitemr
an andraditefeldspar (udif)fp
gt garnet (udif)
smectitesmsu specularite
carbonatecb
ch chlorite
halloysiteha
hu heulandite
tourmalineto
vs vesuvianite
corundumco
cx clinopyroxene
cs cristobalite
jarositeja
ka kaolinite
lx lucoxene
zeoliteze
zu zunyite
P2 biotite (2nd PT event)
phyllic:pro-ms ret-sePH
SI silicification
silica aluniteSA
SK skarn
SG silica granularQT qz-tourmaline
ALT INTENSITY (AINT)
mt magnetite
ep epidote
sd siderite
bi bioite gp gypsum tr tridymite
cz chabazite
il illite
wa wairakite
cd chalcedony
im ilmenite
wo wollastonite
ac actinolite
ca calcite
os opaline silca
ab albite
ms muscovite
na natrolite
SE sericitic (IA)silica claySC
ICO int contact
px pyroxene
ba barite
ah anhydritenative SS
aN Na-alunite
ce celadonite
dp diopside
gf graphite
kf k-spar
palygorskitepa
pg phlogopite
ro roscolite
topaztp
zw zinnwaldite
selectSEL REP replacementphenocrystPHN
matrixMTX
o'printOPN
aplite (ab or kf)AB
CB carbonate
ZE zeolite
SO silica opaline
S1 silica mas vuggy
S2 silica vuggy mas
CA clay aluniteSP silica patchySW silica wormy
advanced argAA
PROGRADE
RETROGRADE
Silica
Group
Alunite
Group
al-ka
Group
kaolin
Group
il-ka
Group
illite
Group
Chlorite
Group
Calc-Silicate
Group
SO
SG
SC CS
AR
SM
SM
PH
se-kf
PHmica
PTbi-mt
PT SD
kf-bi-ogSKcx-gt
SKtm-qz
Increasing pH
Increasing Temperature
PTac-kf
SKmt-gt
EPITHERMAL
DEEP EPITHERMAL
PORPHYRY
2 3 4 5 6
100
250
300
ALTERATION FACIES AND SUB FACIES - CEGSJM alteration sub facies overlain on the Corbett & Leach alteration table
PT SK PH PR PS AR AAIA
SA
SV
S2
S1
SP
SW
SG
IA
IAch-il
il-sm
AR
ka
sm
CA
AApf-al
PHkf-mica
PRbi-ep-ac-kf
PR
ch-ep-ca-ad
PS
PH-AAse
PHse
CEG ALTERATION FACIES TABLE
(SVM)
(SMV)
qz-ha cl-haSG
SH
mm montmorilonite
SY
pr paragonite
la laumonite
rt rutile
conditions of
non-dissociation
retrograde
prograde
Includes the addition of IA to the original Corbett & Leach diagram - codes changed to suit this reference set
tremolitetm
AAdi-dk
epithermal
porphyrytransition
anataseaa
BXx collapse breccia
RX recrystallisedHF hornfels
BRECCIA FACIES (BXT)
THE BRECCIA MATRIX COMPONENT NORMALY DEFINES THE BRECCIA FACIES
breccia designatorbreccia facies
clast componentclasr rounding (optional)
matrix componentestimate % matrix
phreatic breccias - sourced at depth & drill upwards.
diatreme breccas - originate at surface and drill downwards. Matrix is clay rich &
hydrothermal fluids
hydrothermal breccias - matrix is sourced from
clasts are sourced form near surface
Matrix is pulverised rock flour &clasts are sourced from depth
passive process
explosive origin
'BRECCIA RULES OF THUMB'
blockdesignator
RO roscolite (alkalic epi)
CE celadonite (LSE)
MT magnetite (deep PT)
chloritic (IA)CH
Principal Facies Variant Facies
cavity fillCFL structureSTR
VNM vein matrix GMS groundmass BED bedding selectvesicleVES
aH NH-alunite
nc nacrite
nt nontronite
talctc
chalcedonic silSHSY creamy silica
BXo 'overbank' phreatic breccias - weaker retrograde alt typ / oganic material
alternative
numeric
numeric
VBx vein matrix breccia
glassgl
HM heamatite
K2 kspar (2nd PT event)sodic - calcicSD
og oligoclase
Note: Deep porphyry SODIC-CALCIC (SD) & aplite (AB) inserted - approximate
ABkf qz ab
SQ sugary quartz (LSE)
DS dark silica (py?)
SQ
MINERALISATION 1
boxworkbx
bm microbotriodalbo botryoidal
buck qzBUQ
MINERALISATION TYPE (MTYP)
Oxide Transition
Supergene Enriched
OX TR
SG ENMixed SG/EN/HY
MAS massive
vein undiffVNN
MAB bx mass sx
coatingsCOT
VBX breccia vein
FFL fracture fillling
MINERALISATION STYLE (MSTY)
DSM disseminated
cavity fillingCFL
REP replacement
MTO
CBV carb vein
manto
BVN qz-SX - cp su
SX qz se - cp mo pyCVN
qz-mt +/- SX - cp bnAVN
opaline qzOPQ
SAQ saccharoidal qzcrystalline qzCXQ
chalcedonic qzCHQ
cr crustiformcolloformco
dt dogs tooth
ma massive
oc open cavities gingurogi
QAV qz-adularia vein
MM sweat veinsQMM
HypogeneHY
epithermal vns (undif)EVN
MLV mesothermal vn (undif)
MQV major qz vein
VNR stringer veinsSIV silica veinletts
milky quartz veinsMLQ
rind on clastsRND
MAS massive
BXM bx matrix
bx clastBXC
JAQ jasperoidal qz vein
AMQ amethystine qz vein
DSV dark sx + silica veinDCV dark sx + clay vein
LSV light sx + clay vein
clear quartzCLQ
no SX
2 process 1 & 2 processes
OX & SX
1 process 1 ProcessMX
GSV grey silica vein
Trans OX domTOOX >> SX
Trans SX domTSOX << SX
QVN quartz vein
QXV qz-sulphide vein
QCV qz-cb vein
SXV sulphide vein
STK stockwork vns
SHV sheeted veins
WMY wormy silics vns
PORPHYRY
DOMES
LOW SX EP
VEIN TYPES (VTYP)
mt +/- qzMVNDeep Porphyry Veins
BIV biotite veins
SEV sericite veins
QSV qz-se veins
LQV light qz vein
DQV dark qz vein
QRV qz-ro vein
QLV qz-lm vein
qz-hm veinQHV
ba banded bl bladed
VEINS
WQV white qz vein
Corbett & Leach ALT FACIES TABLE
Silica
Group
Alunite
Group
al-ka
Group
kaolin
Group
il-ka
Group
illite
Group
Chlorite
Group
Calc-Silicate
Group
op
cs
tr
qz
al ha
Silicaop
cs
tr
qz
ha
Silica
ha sm
Silica
Silica
Silica
al ka
Silica
ka
Silica
ka smSilica+ sd
sm
Silica
al
qz
al
ka
qz
ka
qz
qz
conditions of
al
qz
al
ka di
qz+di
al
dk
al
al pf
qz+di
qz+di
dk pf
qz+di
ax
ka sm
qz+sd
ka di
qz+di
ka il sm
qz+sd
sm cb
qz/cz
il sm
dk
qz+sd
cb
qz/cz
il
cb
qz
ka dk
il/il sm
qz+sd
dk
qz+di
pf
dk
se qz
pf
pf
qz+di
pf
qz
se
se
cb
qz
mica/se
ax
pf qz
+ cbmica qz
se
qz ch
kf
ax al qz
pf qzpf qzax al
mica qz
ax mica micaco qz
kf qzmica
bi kfcx mt
bi ackf qz
kf cb
cx qzca/do
tm qzca/doqz + ch
se/mica
Increasing pH
Increasing Temperature
ac qzkf ch
ep ac ch qzkf ca/do
ch qz epad/ab ca/do
gt qzwo vsmt
ch il
qz cb
ab/ad
ch cb
qz/cd
il-sm
ch/ch-sm
qz/cd
sm qz/cd
ch-sm/ch
cb
silica
ch-sm/ch
cb/do
silica
ch/ch-sm
zeolite
qz/cd
ch qz/chd
ca do
ad/ab
zeolite
ca/do
ch qz ep
ad/abca/dozeolite
zeolitesstb hu mo cz na
wa
la
EPITHERMAL
DEEP EPITHERMAL
PORPHYRY
PT SK PH AR AA
2 3 4 5 6
100
250
300
HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION MINERAL SYSTEMS
From: Greg Corbett & Terry Leach, Southwest Pacific Rim Gold Copper Systems - Short Course Manual, 1997
Includes the addition of IA to the original diagram - codes changed to suit this reference set
IA
cb
+ cbco qz
mica/se
pf qz
non-dissociation
PT SK PH PR PS AR AAIA
dkqz+di
sugary quartzSGQ
VEIN TEXTURES
ck cockadecm combms moss
lb lattice bladed
pl plumose
- -
Increasing Temp
100
200
300
al
ja
ha
ka
dk
pf
di
tp, zu
aa
rt
cs
qz
py
ma
sm
il-sm
ch-sm
il
ch
ep
bi
kf, ad
ca
mr
la
wa
Increasing pH
WEAKLY ACID
ACID
NEUTRAL
ALKALINE
ORE DEPOSITSAuAgCuMo
Hedenquist et al ALT TABLE
Adjusted after Hedenquist et al 1996 from Soc of resource Geology - Resource Geology Sepcial Publication 1, 1996
se ?
VNS veins selvage
NWV network vns
NWQ netwk qz vns
NWM netwk mn vns
SulphideSX
vein type
vein familly (porphyries)
gangue minerals (paragenetic order)
vein textures (paragenetic order)
min minerals (paragentic order)
QPV qz-py vein
qz-mn carb veinQMV
GEOCHEMICAL ZONATIONS
ADV adularia veinSMQ smokey quartz
My additions include colours (temp ranges), mineralisation bar and se?
bi +/- mt qzBIVac +/- mt qzACV
Shallow Porphyry Veins
se-SX qz - mo cp pyDVN
SEV CHV SXVothers
ACV
CHV
SEV
WQV
retrogradeILP / HLP
ACV ac-SX veins
MINERAL RATIOS FOR VECTORING AND MODELLING
ox - no sx cp (only)cp > bn
0 ABCD
PRINCIPAL COPPER MINERALS
bncp
cccucv
Cubr
tn
cn
mcaz
ck
cr
pm
bornitechalcopyrite
chalcocitecupritecovellite
native copperbrochantite
tenorite
cubanite
malachiteazurite
chalcantite
chrysocolla
pitch limonite
Cu FeSCuFeS
Cu SCu OCuS
CuCu (OH) SO
CuO
CuFe S
Cu CO (OH)Cu (CO ) (OH)
CuSO .5H O
Cu H (Si O )(OH)
5 4
2
2
2
4 6 4
2 3
2 3 2
3 3 2 2
4 2
2 2 2 5 4
57.3%
79.9%36.0%
79.8%
55.0%
35.0%
63.3%
56.0%
31-34.5%
88.8%66.4%23.0%
Cu %
en enargite Cu AsS3 4
100%
OX
TR
SG
HY
py (only)py > cppy = cppy < cp
1234
cp < bncp = bn
MINERALISATION 3
sol Cu (only) cc (only)cc > cv
Fsol Cu > pysol Cu = pysol Cu < py
GHI cc < cv
cc = cv
en (only)en > py cv > en
cv = encv < en
OPQR
TUV
cv (only) S
en < pyen = py
en (only) W
bn (only) E
Cu-AuPORPHYRY
cv (only)
JKLMN
ENRICHMENTBLANKETS
HSSYSTEMS
py > popy = po cp > po
cp = pocp < po
5678
WXY
cp (only) V
po (only)py < po
po (only) Z
PYRRHOTITE-Cu SKARNS
MINERALISATION 2
antimonysb
at atacamite
MIN MINERALS (MMIN)
ar argentite
as arsenopyrite
chalcopyritecp
ct cuprite
cv covellite
cn cubanite
orpimentor
pl pyrolusite
pm pitch limonite
py pyrite
malachitemc
az azurite
electrumel
en enargite
realgarre
sh scheelite
bismuthinitebtbn bornite
flouritefl
ga galena
sideritesd
sp sphalerite
cassiteritesn
ct cerussite
ck chalcantite
hessitehs
hz hydrozincite
ja jarosite
native sulphurS
te tellurides
lm limonite
dg digenite
po pyrrhotite
ba barite
fb ferberite
sl selenides
br brochantite
go geothite
st stibnite
ci calverite
hm heamatite
ss sulphosalts
ae anglesite
cc chalcocite
ai alcantite
ma marcasite
tt tennantite
cinnabarnn
molybdenitemo
cr chromite
tenoritetn
Hg mercury
cy chrysocolla
Ag native silver
wd mn wad
ah anhydrite
Cu native copperAu native gold
neotocitene
DS dark sulphides
LS light sulphides
quartzqzcalciteca
carbonatecb
rhodochrositerc gypsumgp
tourmalineto
roscolite micaro
rhodoniterd
magnetitemt
Common vein gangue minerals
magnetitemt
ba barite
ze zeolite
adulariakf rhodochrositerc mn mn wad
so scorodite
lx lucoxene
zc zincitemn oxidemn
ENRICHMENT
PERIPHERY
CORE
Useful mineral ratios for vectoring purposes
25 °/045°
315°/25° NE
N45W/25NE
BEDDING
E
PUMICE ALIGNMENT
IGNEOUS BANDING
FLOW LINEATION
D/DAZM
W
S
LINEAR FEATURES
315°
N
DIPS25°
045°
DIP/DIP AZIM
STRIKE/DIP (UK)
STRIKE/DIP (US)
CONTACT (OBSERVED)
DISCONFORMITY
UNCONFROMITY
FOLD AXIS
FOLDS
BOUNDARIES
VEIN
CLEAVAGE
FRACTURE
FOLIATION
FAULT-THRUST
FAULT-REVERSE
FAULT-NORMAL
FAULTS
JOINT
STRUCTURE & EVENTS
PLANNAR FEATURES
BED
LPU
LFL
LIB
UNC
CON
VEN
DIS
FAX
FLN
FTH
FLR
SCL
FOL
SJO
SFR
FAULT (UNDIF) FLT
SCHISTOSITY SCH
BASE PARTIAL OX
BASE SOLUBLE Cu
BASE COMPLETE OX
EVENTS
BCO
BPO
BSO
CONTACT (INFERRED) CIN
MAPPING
CA - ANGLE
CORE AXIS
45°
LOGGING
TO CORE AXIS
STRAIN ELLIPSE
=ONE
=acre
MULTIPLIER4046.856m2
=cubic metre 35.3147 cubic ft
=degree celsius 0.555 ( F-32)
=fathom 1.8288m
=foot 0.3048m
=furlong 201.168m
=gallon 4.54609L
=gallon (US) 3.785412L
=gram 35.273962 x 10 ounces
=gram/tonne 0.0001%
3
= 0.032666oz (troy)/long ton
= 0.02917oz (troy)/short ton
=hectare 10,000m2
= 2.4710538 acres
=inch 25.4mm
=kilogram 2.2046226 pounds
=kilometre 0.621371 miles
=litre 0.219969 gallons
=metre 3.28084 feet
= 1.0936132 yards
=mile 1.609344 km
=mile/hr 0.44704 m/s
=ounce (troy) 31 103477g
=ounce(T)/long ton 30.61224 g/t
=ounce(T)/short ton 34.28571 g/t
=km2 0.386102 miles2
=mile2 640 acres
=acre 2.589988 km2
=stone 6.3502932 kg
=ton, long 1.016047 t (metric)
=ton, short 0.907185 t (metric)
=tonne (t) 0.9842 long tons
=acre 1.1023 short tons
=acre 2204.62 lbs
=yard 0.9144n
CONVERSION FACTORS PERCENTAGES
IGNEOUS ROCKSPhreatic vs Diatreme Breccias