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Causes
of
World
War II
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Political and economic conditions in
Europe following World War I led to the
rise of fascism and to World War II
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The rise of fascism and its dictators
threatened peace in Europe and Asia
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As conflict
grew in Europe
and Asia,
American
foreign policy
evolved from
neutrality to
direct
involvement
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Causes of World War II
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Political instability and economic
devastation in Europe resulting from
WWI caused…
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1. Worldwide depression…
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2. High war debt owed by Germany…
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3. High inflation…
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4. Massive unemployment
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Rise of Fascism
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What is
“Fascism”?
Fascism is a political
philosophy in which total
power is given to a dictator and
individual freedoms are
denied
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During the 1930s, nations led by
fascist dictators were trying to expand
power and territory
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1. Germany
-
Adolf
Hitler
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came to
power in 1933
and formed
the
Third Reich
and the
Nazi party.
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Adolf Hitler
• Promised to return Germany to its
former glory
• Regain territory lost after WWI
• Rebuilt military (violated treaty of
Versailles)
• Blamed Jews for defeat in WWI (he also
blamed the Bolsheviks)
• 1936 – signed treaty with Mussolini from
Italy forming “Berlin-Rome Axis” Japan
joined Axis power in 1940
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2. Italy - Benito
Mussolini
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…seized power of Italy, banned all opposing
political parties and invaded Ethiopia (1935)
and conquered Albania (1939)
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3. Japan –
Hirohito
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…the military,
led by his
general
Hideki Tojo,
took control of
Japan
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First, Japan invaded Manchuria and China…
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…and it also invaded French Indochina –
another region rich in resources
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These dictators
led the
countries that
became known
as the Axis
Powers
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The Allies
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Democratic nations
– US, Great Britain
and Canada (as well
as Russia)
were known as the
Allies
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…The Soviet Union joined the Allies after
being invaded by Germany
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Allied leaders included…
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…Franklin D. Roosevelt and later Harry S.
Truman of the United States…
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…Winston
Churchill
of
Great
Britain…
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…and Joseph
Stalin of the
Soviet Union
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War Begins• In his quest for power,
Hitler tried to unite
Germanic people in all
of Europe by taking
land from other
countries
• Britain and France
tried to appease Hitler
by allowing some land
to be taken, but
warned him not to
take more
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War Beings (con’t)• When Hitler invaded
Poland in 1939, Britain
and France declared
war on Germany.
Thus began WWII!
• Germany continued to
invade and take lands
including a large part
of France.
• Germany tried to take
Britain in 1940, but
Britain’s Royal Air
Force held them back.
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A Neutral United States
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American
isolationism still
felt from WWI and
the Great
Depression
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• In 1935, Congress
passed the first
“Neutrality Act.” It
did not allow the
US to sell
weapons to
warring nations.
• Isolationists
hoped that laws
such as this one
would keep the
country out of war
in Europe
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The U.S. began to give economic aid to the
Allies…
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Lend-Lease Program
• In March
1941,Congress
passed the Lend-
Lease Act and FDR
got permission to lend
or lease weapons.
• This program allowed
sales of weapons or
loans to “any country
whose defense the
President deems vital
to the defense of the
U.S.”
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The US now had direct involvement in the war.
The US helped by tracking German subs and
escorting British ships. In 1941, Germans
sank a US destroyer – undeclared war
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A Day That Will Live in Infamy
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Rising tensions developed between the
U.S. and Japan…
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…because of Japanese aggression in the
Pacific. The US stopped exporting
sales and gas in Japan, then seized all
Japanese property in the US.
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On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the
U.S. at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii without
warning…
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…and approximately 2,400 Americans died
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President
Roosevelt asked
Congress to
declare war on
Japan
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December 7, 1941,
a date which will
live in infamy.
Franklin D. Roosevelt – Dec. 08, 1941
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Congress
declared war
on Japan on
December 08,
1941.
America enters the war
history.com video
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Germany
declared war on
the United
States