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CAR
AQUA
CULTU
Abainza, Klarys M.Arranzado, Mirah Mae D.
Arellano, Alona JaneCalica, Marielle
Esplana, Shara Mae J.
Lavadia, Fatima A.Llana, Mary Ann O.Millar, Angelica C.Nicolas, Emmylou C.
Orozco, May
Freshwater Biology
Biology 4A
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CARP
Possibly the oldest form ofaquaculture in the known world
Started in China as early as 2500
Currently the largest production(2/3 of ALL fish production is carp)
Common carp : yprinos c rpio
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Commonyprinos
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CARP in the PHILIPPINE
Common carp (Cyrpinus carpio) was introducinto the Philippines from Hong Kong in 1915.
Other species of carps were later introduce
But they never became popular due to
relatively low consumer acceptability Many Filipinos do not find carp palatable, b
bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) has recebecome a dominant species in Laguna Lake
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The seven major aquaculture species Philippines are:
1. Seaweed (mainly Kappaphycusand Eucheumasp2. Milkfish (Chanos chanos).
3. Tilapia (mainly Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticu
4. Shrimp (mainly giant tiger prawn Penaeus mono
5. Carp (mainly bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis)
6. Oyster (slipper cupped oyster Crassostrea ired
7. Mussel (green mussel Perna viridis).
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B) Main producers of c
in the world
A) Global Production
of Carp
A
B
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Why does the CARPsthe largest aquacul
production?
Easy to grow because of
Ecological Spectrum
Answer :
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Broad Ecological Spect
Best growth - water temperature ranges between30 C
Can survive cold winter periods
Can tolerate salinity up to about 5 percent
Optimal pH range is 6.5 - 9.0Can survive low oxygen concentration (0.3 -0.5 mg/
supersaturation
Omnivorous, (more on animal food: water insects,larvae of insects, worms, mollusks, and zooplankto
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In short
Eat low on the food chain
Tolerate poor water quality
Adapt to both alkaline and acwater
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Why carp culture?
Has low protein requirement durinculture
Can be used in polyculture with
other aquaculture species Grows fast, reaching 2-4 kilograms4-6 months
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Grass Carp
Silver CarpBighead carp
Three key species of CAR
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C) Bighead Carp
Hypophthalmichthys
B) Silver Carp
Ctenopharungodon idella
A) Grass CarpHypophthalmichthys molitrix
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Did you know that Ko
domesticated
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CULTURE
METHOD
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What type of aquacuis used for carps
All : extensive, semi inten
intensive
Answer :
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CULTURE METHOD
Extensive Aquaculture:
Minimal control, lower density, ponds,third world
Environmental Impact:
Exclusion of traditional fishermen;navigational hazards; conflicts, socialdisruption; management difficulties;wood consumption
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Intensive Aquaculture: Highly controlled, high density, RAS,
raceways, confined (industrialized)
Environmental Impact Accumulation of anoxic sediments below
cages due to fecal and waste feed build-
up; market competition, especially forexport produce; conflicts/failures, socialdisruption; consumption of wood andother materials.
CULTURE METHOD
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FEEDING
Grass carp can be reared on plants alone, perform well on pellets.
Bighead are eat detritus and zooplankton inwild, but also take to pellets.
Silver carp are primarily planktonivores.
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PRODUCTION CYCLE
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BROOD
STOCK
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In natural breeding, wused as a substrata f
laying?Answer :
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SEED SUPPLY
Carp may spawn throughout the year itropical areas, with peaks in January-MJuly-August.
Breeding is carried out in hapas, cemen
or small ponds. Submerged aquatic planused as substrata for egg laying.
When the fry are 4 to 5 days old, theyare stocked into nursery ponds.
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To induce ovulationspermiation, broodfish
injected with doses
Pituitary Gland
Answer :
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Hatchery Based Seed Produ
This is the most effective and reliable metseed production.
Broodfishes are given two doses of pituitaryinjection, or a mixture of GnRH/dopamineantagonist, to induce ovulation and spermia
Eggs are fertilized and hatched fry are keplarge conical tanks for 1 to 3 days
Approximately 300 000 - 800 000 newly hatfry can be expected from a single female.
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Carp
Pituita
Extrac
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Carp E
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Car
Brood
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Car
Horm
Treatm
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MANAGE
MENT
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Fishes are bathe in bath when taken frtransported to hatc
why?Answer :
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Fishes are graded potential breeders, happens to unqual
fishes?Answer :
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TEMPERATE REGIONS
Spent spawners are taken from hatchery and bat
salt bath against ectoparasites.They are stocked in the broodstock ponds, where
well fed.
They overwinter in the same pond.
In the spring they are salt bathed and graded for breeders. Unqualified fish are marketed.
They are separated by sex and stored in storage p
They are seined out as needed, salt bathed, and
transported to the hatchery.
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IN THE TROPICS
Fish are separated by sexes
Fish are separated according to whethnot they are spent.
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FEED
Varies according to the season.
When new eggs are forming, should bnatural food high in protein and 50%artificial feed high in carbohydrates
Egg development occurs over the enyear.
The fish need a good diet all year loto be good spawners.
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Secchi Diin measTurbiditAquacu
Water Q
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NURSERY
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What constitutesthe first food of
feeding fry?
Rotifers
Answer :
NURSERY
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NURSERY
Shallow, aquatic weed-free drainable pof 0.5 to 1.0 ha are the most suitable fcarp nursing.
Nursery ponds must be prepared befor
stocking to encourage the developmea rotifer population, since this constituthe first food of feeding fry.
NURSERY
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NURSERY
Supplementary feeds, such as soybean mecereals mals, meat meal, or mixtures of thmaterials, should be applied. Rice bran or polishings can also be used for feeding fry
The length of the nursery period is 3 to 4
The final fish weight is 0.2 - 0.5 g.
The survival rate is 40 - 70 percent.
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HARVESTING
TECHNIQUE
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What type of netusually used in harve
carps?
Seine nets
Answer :
Carps are usually harvested by seine nets (n
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p y d byused weights on the bottom and buoys on tkeep it afloat).
Length should be 1.5 times the width of ponnot longer than 120-150 m.Selective harvesting for
undrainable ponds. The maximumweight of carp which can get
through various mesh size netsare:20 g fish= 20 mm mesh size;40 g = 25 mm; 100 g = 30 mm;170 g = 35 mm; 270 g = 40 mm;
400 g = 50 mm
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Partial harvesting incthe total productio
the ponds, why?
Improves the conditions fo
remaining population
Answer :
should be done throughout the growing pe
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Feeding should be done throughout the growing peharvest area.
Feeding should be reduced the day before harvestiwastes and grass residues that hamper harvesting removed.
At harvest time the water should be drained slowlconcentrate the fishes.
Partial harvesting increases the total production o
ponds by improving the conditions for the remaininpopulation.
All the fish are harvested at the end of the year, for marketing or for restocking for the next prodcycle.
YIELD?
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YIELD?
Carp ponds oftenyield 2000-5000lbs./acre
Often sold live orwhole on ice.
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POST
HARVESTING
The majority of carps is transferred live
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The majority of carps is transferred livemarkets, and is sold either live or freshdressed.
Harvested fish can be transferred live aerated tanks for 3-5 hours.
Trucks and boats containing water are used as transportation tools in most ar
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Selling aquacultured carp
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Food products of carp from different
countries
Carp Curry
India)
Kroder Karpfen
Germany)
Funa
Ja
THANK YOU:)
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THANK YOU:)