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Textile Products Labeling
By: Caroline Fleischer
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Beginning of Product Labeling 1939 , the Wool Products
Labeling Act was passed whichstated that all types of wool(virgin and recycled) must belabeled
1951 , the Fur Products Labeling Act required that the name of theanimal and country of originmust be on a label attached tothe item.
1953 , the Flammable Fabrics Act stated that fabric or clothing thatwould be so flammable that itwould be dangerous to wearmust not be sold.
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Textile Fiber ProductsIdentification Act (TFPIA)
Effective on March 3, 1960 Fiber Generic Name Only The United States , the District
of Columbia, and theTerritories and possessions ofthe United States.
Amended on February 1, 1981 Label now requires:1. Fiber content2. Country of origin3. Manufacturer or dealer
identity
United Piece Dye Works 1964
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Fiber ContentListed by generic fibernamesPercentages of each fiberby weightDescending orderTrade names(trademarks) may be in
includedGeneric name must beavailable on the label withthe same appearance as
the trade name.
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Generic Fiber Names
Acetate (Triacetate) Acrylic
AnidexAramidAzlonElastoesterFluoropolymer
GlassMelamineMetallicModacrylicNovoloidNylon
NytrilOlefin (Lastol or CEF) PBIPLAPolyester (Elasterell-p)Rayon (Lyocell)
Rubber (Lastrile) SaranSpandexSulfar Vinal
Vinyon
These are the man-made, generic fiber names(with subclasses) that the Federal Trade Commission
states may be included in a product label:
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Other Generic Fiber Names
Alginate
CarbonChlorofibreCupro
ElastaneElastodieneFluorofibre
Metal Fibre
Modal
PolyamidePolyethylenePolyimide
PolypropyleneVinylalViscose.
These generic fibers are not listedin the Textile, Wool and Fur Acts and Rules,
but may be used:
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Unknown FibersIf any of the fibers of aproduct are unknown, theymust be labeled asunknown and with apercentage.Product labels may listfiber content even if it isnot required.If a product is not required
to have a label, butmentions a fiber used intheir product, it must havea label with fiberpercentages.
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PercentagesFibers that make up at least 5% of the percentageweight must be listed
Any fiber that is less than 5% and has a significant
effect on the product must be listed.
Spandex is the common example because only asmall amount of Spandex is needed to create anelastic effect.
If there are several other fibers that make up anamount greater than 5%, but do not change thecharacteristics of the product, they may be listedall together as Other Fibers.
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MislabelingProducts are consideredmislabeled:1.If they have fibers
that should be labeled
and are not mentioned2.Fibers, their tradenames, and theirpercentages do notall have the sameappearance
No information about afiber may be falsified inany product.
Two fabrics whose labelsguaranteed product was
genuine in name and fibercontent. Because of patents,imitators had to use different
fiber percentages.- Textiles: Fiber to Fabric, 1967
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3% ToleranceBased on the inconsistencyin the manufacturingprocessFor example, if a product
states that it is 80% cottonand it is only 78% or 79%, itis within the 3% tolerance.The 3% tolerance is only forcompanies that unknowinglyhave differences in fibercontentPurposeful mislabeling isunlawful.
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Ornamentation/TrimOrnamentation is created by fibers oryarns and only must be listed if itmakes up more than 5% of the fiberweight of the fabric.Trims are different fromornamentation and must be labeled
only if they cover more than 15% ofthe surface area of the product, andare made from a different fiber.A superimposed fiber is an extra fiberadded to a particular part of aproduct for function and must bementioned on the label with fiber andpercentage.If the fiber content in one section of astructural part of a garment (notornamentation) is different from
another section, it must be labeled.
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Special FibersPile fabrics that are made fromdifferent fibers must belabeled.Biconstituent fibers are a
mixture of two or moremanufactured fibers that arecombined and extruded into a
yarn and must be labeled.Premium cotton fibers (Pima,Egyptian, or Sea Island) mustbe labeled with theirpercentages anywhere on thegarment that the premium
name is used.
Acrylic and Polyester
Pile Fabric
Pima Cotton
Synthetic Fibers
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Wool ProductsAll wool products, in the whole garment or thelining, must also be listed in product care labels,no matter the percentageWool fibers are those made from sheep or lamb.
Virgin productsRecycled products.
Angora goat, Cashmere goat,
camel, alpaca, llama, or vicunaare also considered to bewool fibers, but must be labeledwith their specific name in acare label and if they are recycled.
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Linings/InterliningsLinings, interlinings,fillings and paddings needto be listed if they are forwarmth
No listed for structuralpurposes in fiber or non-fiber garments (leather,rubber, etc)
When they are listed, theymust be listed separatelyfrom the outer part of thegarment, even if they aremade from the same fiber
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Country of OriginFinished stage that are readyfor sale to a consumer.Textile products onlyZippers, buttons or othercomponents do not need to be
labeledThe FTC does not require apartially made garment to belabeled, but the US CustomsService may require the item tobe labeled with the country oforigin.Label all constructioncomponent locationsAll disclosure information mustbe the same size, and labelingmust be in English .
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Made in A fabric that is made in Englandmay be shipped to the UnitedStates to be constructed.For that product, the label maystate Made in the USA, butmust include with it of fabricmade in England, or ofimported fabric.The FTC does not require that aproduct to state where it isimported from, but must statethat it is imported.US Customs may require thatEngland be listed.
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Manufacturer/DealerThe company name of themanufacturer, importer, or dealermust be listed or their RegisterIdentification Number (RN). An RN is a number that is issued tocompanies within the U. S. only,
which registers them with the FTC. This number is not required for acompany to do business, but somecompanies may require the companythey are dealing with to have an RN .The letters RN are listed before thenumber for easy identification.For wool, the FTC previously issuedWool Products Labeling (WPL) numbers that some companies stilluse today. The FTC is now issuing
only Registered IdentificationNumbers.
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Products that must be labeledClothing
fibers yarnsfabricshandkerchiefsscarvesUmbrellas
Home accessories
BeddingCurtains/draperiesTablecloths/napkinsFloor coveringsTowelsIroning board coversBattingFlagsCushionsslip coversBlanketsSleeping bagsDoilies
HammocksFurniture scarves.
Items that arepackaged need tohave productinformation visible,whether seen onthe garment
through a clearpackage or directlyon the package.Hosiery does notneed to be labeledseparately, but T-shirts must belabeled separately.Socks, mittens,gloves and linensmust have one partthat is labeled ifsold in a set.
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Placement of LabelsThe fiber content, country of originand manufacturer may appear onone label or on different labels.The fiber content andmanufacturer may appear on theback of the label.The country of origin must be onthe front of the label either placedat the neck or the waistband of agarment.Fiber content and manufacturermust be attached in easy reach.Placement along the neck,waistband or side seam of agarment is acceptable.Product labels are not required tobe permanently attached
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Care Labeling RulingIn 1972, the FTC established the CareLabeling Rule which specified thatclothing labels must carry informationabout washing, dry cleaning andpressing.The Care Labeling Rule was updatedon September 1, 2000New definitions of hot, warm andcold waterConsistent with definitions used bythe American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists (AATCC)
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What is a Care Label? A care label as defined by theFederal Trade Commission(2000) means a permanentlabel or tag, containing regular
care information andinstructions, that is attached oraffixed in such a manner that itwill not become separated fromthe product and will remain
legible during the useful life ofthe product. (p. 1)The term label includes alabel, stamp, tag, or other typesof identification.
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Products that do and do not Require Care Labeling
Clothing worn to cover or protectthe body except for shoes, gloves,and hats .
Home apparel items should belabeled except trim less than 5inches wide and fabric shorterthan 10 yards long.
Items that do not cover the body,for example, neckties and belts , arenot included.Any non-woven item that is only
used once does not need to have acare label.
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WashableIf a product is washableit must state whether itcan be washed by handor by machine.
Include the watertemperature appropriatefor the product.
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BleachIf a product can handle any typeof bleach (chlorine or oxygenbleach) on a regular basis, itdoes not need to be mentioned
in the label.If chlorine bleach would harm aproduct, it must be included inthe label Only non -ChlorineBleach. If any type of bleach would harma garment, the label must state
Do Not Bleach.
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DryingIf a product is to be dried itmust state whether itshould be dried by machine
or some other method.
The temperature is not
required, unless it wouldbe damaged by hightemperatures.
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IroningIf a product is to be ironedregularly, it must belabeled.
Temperature of the iron isnot necessary, unless a
high temperature wouldharm the product.
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WarningsAny kind of care method thatwould harm a product must bementioned on the care labelusing words like Do not,No, and Only. Any care to the product thatwill affect appearance after
care must be stated.Any care that may cause harmto another product must beincluded on the label.
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Dry-cleaningThe words dry -clean may beplaced on a care label with no otherinstruction if any dry-cleaning
solvent can be used withoutdamage to the garment.If only a certain type of solvent maybe used, that must be labeled.
If a garment can be washed withoutdamage, it may not say dry -cleanonly
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Wetcleaning
Wetcleaning is a new methodof cleaning using water-basedchemicals that has not been
perfected, but claims to beenvironmentally safeThe term professionallywetclean was not included inthe Care Label Ruling in 2000because a standard forwetcleaning could not be set.
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Care Labeling GuidelinesCompanies must provide a permanent labelthat gives regular care instructions for agarment that will not harm the garment.These labels may only includewords; symbols are not necessary.Symbols may be used without words,but they must be defined on a hang tag.Companies must prove that thecare methods are correct bytesting garments before they are sold.
A care label may be on the reverse side of aproduct label.
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Violators of TFPIA and CareLabeling Ruling
A company which violatesany labeling rules may be:
Asked to stop the practicewhich violates the actPay up to $11,000 for each
violation
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Questions?
The End