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Cardiovascular System Key Terms
7th Grade Science
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Cardiovascular System
• The body system that consists of the heart blood vessels and blood that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells
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Heart
• A hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
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Atrium
• Each of the two upper chambers of the heart that receives blood entering the heart
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Ventricle
• A lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out to the lungs and body
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Valve
• A flap of tissue in the heart or a vein that prevents blood from flowing backwards
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Pacemaker
• A group of cells located in the right atrium that send out signals that make the heart muscle contract and that regulates heart rate
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Artery
• A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
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Capillary
• A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells
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Vein
• A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart
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Aorta
• The largest artery in the body
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Coronary artery
• An artery that supplies blood to the heart
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Blood pressure
• The pressure the is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
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Diffusion
• The process by which molecules move from an area in which they are more concentrated to an area in which they are less concentrated
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Plasma
• The liquid part of the blood
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Red blood cells
• A cell in the blood that takes up oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to cells elsewhere in the body
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Hemoglobin
• An iron containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen molecules and makes up most of a red blood cells
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White blood cell
• A blood cell that fights disease
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Platelet
• A cell fragment that plays an important part in forming clouts
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Arteriosclerosis
• A condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of a build up of fatty materials
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Heart attack
• A condition in which blood flows to a part of the heart; the heart muscle is blocked which causes heart cells to die
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Hypertension
• A disorder in which a person’s blood pressure is constantly higher than normal