www.intsok.com
Capabilities in IOR in the Norwegianbased petroleum cluster
In this presentation
• Categories of measures for Improved Oil Recovery• Suppliers within each category• Examples of implementation and benefit
Eva LjoslandRegional DirectorINTSOK
MoscowNovember 16, 2010
2
Definitions
Improved oil recovery - IOR(Norwegian Petroleum Directorate)
The planning and execution of measuresintended to increase or accelerate oilrecovery from a hydrocarbon field in aprofitable manner compared to currentplans with corresponding forecasts
Improved Oil Recovery - IOR(Society of Petroleum Engineers)
Any of various methods, chiefly reservoirdrive mechanisms and enhanced recoverytechniques, designed to improve the flowof hydrocarbons from the reservoir to thewellbore or to recover more oil after theprimary and secondary methods (waterand gas floods) are uneconomic.
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)Term normally used for the advancedchemical recovery processes, which canbe part of an IOR project.
IOR in INTSOK
’Improved Oil Recovery’ (IOR) isused for all measures which canincrease or accelerate the oilrecovery of a field.
There is emphasis on measuresbased on information gatheredduring production, and onmeasures based on advancedtechnology.
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The unrealised potentialM
illio
nSm
3
oil
Remaining resources after planned closingof field, in accordance with approved plans
Oil produced as of 31.12.2009
Remaining reserves
1993-1996 1997-2000 2001-2004 2005-2008
Growth of reserves from discoveries
0
100
200
300
400
Mill
ion
Sm3oi
l
Growth of reserves from fields on production
Growth in reserves on Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS)
Time
Multi-phaseprocessingIncreased
recovery andvalue creation
Multi-phasetransport
3Dseismic
Waterinjection
TOGI
Horizontaldrilling
4Dseismic
Cables forocean bed
Integratedoperations
1977COD/Ekofisk
1979Statfjord
1986Ekofisk
1991Oseberg
1996Troll
1999Gullfaks
2003Valhall
2004Ekofisk
2007Tordis
Technological development
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The key to high recovery factors
• Management focus• Setting targets and monitoring progress• Aggressive data acquisition programs• Cooperation with partners and service providers• Experience sharing across multidisciplinary asset teams
Technology is essential - but far more than technology is required:
..... i.e., a systematic and continuous effort toidentify, evaluate and implement IOR measures
Expe
nses
(bill
. NO
K, 2
009)
Cos
t per
uni
t (N
OK
/bar
rel)
Development costs
8
Well interventionWell intervention
4D seismic4D seismic
Reservoir modellingReservoir modelling
Water and gas injectionWater and gas injection
Produced waterProduced watermanagementmanagement
Reservoir Management - IOR - Success stories
Expected ultimate recovery factors
1986 1996 2004 Current ambitionStatfjord 49 % 61 % 68 % 70 %Gullfaks 46 % 49 % 60 % 68 %
Advanced wells and costAdvanced wells and costefficient infill drillingefficient infill drilling
Top side modificationsTop side modifications
Production startProduction start
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Oseberg main field – liquid reserves development
MSm3
Oseberg C1991
Oseberg
TrollTOGI1991
First dedicatedNess well 1995
Postponed gas export
Horizontalmulti-branchedwell 1995
Oseberg C
20+ New well targets
5 Postponed gas injection
20-30 Oseberg D 1999: Incremental gascapacity and NGL
20-30 Horizontal wells. Multilateral wells
20-25 Ness channel system development
40-50 Revised production mechanismTOGI ImportDevelopment of northern part byOseberg C
50-60 Increased STOIIPMaturing of technical reserves
159 Base reserves 1983
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Modeling !!OptimisingPlanning
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Reservoir Modelling and Planning – the OIL COMPANY TASK
Reservoir simulation and recovery planning§ AGR Group - Analysing IOR potential§ Aker Solutions – Consultancy in field planning, IOR studies and production technology§ IFE – Reservoir and tracer simulation tool§ IRIS – Field studies and special simulation tools and services§ Roxar – Reservoir interpretation, modelling and uncertainty. Reservoir simulation and history matching§ SINTEF Petroleum Research – full field and specialized models and simulation services§ SPT group – Reservoir and near-well simulation tools§ Weatherford Petroleum Consultants – Reservoir modelling and simulation
Recovery planning is normally based on full field or sector simulation and this isalso the basis for optimised recovery.
The operating oil company is in charge,but will benefit from additional capacity and complimentary expertise.
Risk assessment and decision models§ AGR Group – Risk Asessment§ IRIS – Risk assessment models and services
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Data Acquisition and Processing – full field
Full field or regional data gatheringProcessing and analysisVisualization and static modelling
Seismic surveys and interpretationElectromagnetic surveys and interpretationTracer surveys
14-
Reservoir Monitoring with 4-D Seismic (GRM)
1985
1999
Added value for Gullfaks NPV >500 MUSD
• Pioneered in Statoil since the early 1990s.• Both towed streamers and ocean-bottom surveys (OBS) have been used• 4D feasibility study performed for all fields• Ongoing 4D projects on most fields• More than 40 wells drilled based on 4D seismic• Pilot on permanent fibre optical OBS being installed
0.90.0 Oil saturation
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Seismic and other full field surveys and interpretation§ Aker Solutions – seismic interpretation§ EMGS – Electromagnetic surveys and processing§ EMTEK - Electromagnetic surveys and processing§ Kongsberg - Visualization of reservoir and geophysical data§ NORSAR Innovation – 4D seismic modeling and rock physics
modelling§ OCTIO – Acquisition and processing seismic data§ READ – Down hole seismic acquisition and processing (VSP).
Permanent Seismic Down hole Monitoring (PSM)
Data Acquisition and Processing – full field
Tracer surveys§ IFE – Tracers mapping reservoir dynamics – ideal, partitioning
and natural tracers, injection services and analysis. Monitoringchemical flooding.
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Data Acquisition and Processing – local measuments and lab
Geo lab data and processingFluid lab data and processingSub sea monitoringDown hole monitoringTopside monitoring
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OilFormation water
Injection water
Reservoir monitoring through logs and 4D seismic
1989 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 2007
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Data Acquisition and Processing – local measuments and lab
Geo & fluid lab data and processing§ APT – Biostratigrafic data based on core. Biosteering while drilling§ Aquateam - Water quality and chemicals. Lab- and pilot studies§ IFE – Stable isotope data and biomarkers§ IRIS - General multifunction petroleum lab§ Numerical Rocks – Petrophysical and reservoir fluid flow data
acquisition based on pore scale modelling§ SINTEF Petroleum Research – Multifunction fluid lab
Down hole monitoring§ READ – Multiple types cased hole data acquisition and processing§ RESMAN – Tracers for monitoring well inflow performance§ Roxar – Permanent PT Downhole Monitoring System (PDMS)
Sub sea and top side monitoring§ ClampOn – Sand detection§ Framo Engineering – Multiphase monitoring§ MPM – Subsea and topside multiphase & wetgas measurement§ ProAnalysis - Argus oil in water online monitors§ Roxar – Sub sea PT amd multiphase monitoring
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Advanced flooding§ Polymer flooding§ Surfactant flooding§ Gel treatment§ CO2 injection§ N2 injection§ Water Alternating Gas
(WAG)§ Foam Assisted WAG
(FAWAG)§ Microbial EOR (MEOR)§ Steam injection§ Steam soak
Chemical Flooding
Conventional methods§ Pressure depletion§ Water injection§ Injection of natural gas
20 -
Water Alternating Gas or Simultaneous Water and Gas
Oil/Gas production – 300 000 BOEDWater injection – 650 000 BBLS
The Ekofisk field
22 -
Historic and planned injection per field
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Advanced water injection
• Advanced water-based recoverymethods is presently an activefield of development– Low-salinity water injection
– Micro gels (Linked polymersolutions)
– Surfactant/polymer flooding
– MEOR
• Produced water management
POLYMERINJECTIONSKID
Angola Block 17 Dalia FPSO - Operated by Total
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CO2 for IOR in North Sea
North Sea in general• Large well spacing• Very costly offshore
modifications• Extensive use of gas
injection and waterinjection – low residualsaturations
• Contamination of salesgas
• CO2 supply/CO2sources
• Competition with othermethods
Gullfaks in particular• Complex, strongly faulted
reservoir• High permeability in many
reservoir zones• Extensively water flooded• CO2 injection investigated
both by– full-field compositional
modeling– streamline simulation
• No economically viableCO2 injection alternativeidentified (yet)
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R&D / assessment of chemical flooding
§ AGR Group – Assess potential and decision basis for EOR projects§ Aquateam – Microbial EOR§ IFE - Broad petroleum research within recovery mechanisms and tracers for EOR operations§ IRIS – Broad petroleum research within reservoir technology, IOR & drilling§ NTNU - Broad Petroleum reseach§ SINTEF Petroleum Research – Broad Petroleum Research - WAG, FAWAG, polymers, surfactants, foam,
CO2 sequestation, fluid flow in porous media
Chemical Flooding
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Options for Improving recovery
§ Conventional infill wells§ Horizontal wells§ Multilateral wells§ TTRD (Through Tubing Rotary Drilling)§ Extended reach drilling
Drilling
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Troll oil wells
• Increasingly longer well paths• Targeting a thinner oil column• Presently 114 horizontal wells
and 33 multilateral wells• Inflow control devices (ICD) in
many wells
Global leader in multilateral wellsGlobal leader in multilateral wells
28 -
Troll Oil reserves
PDOH-wellsGasProvince
Increasedwell density
Testprod.PetrojarlHorizontalwell
Troll PilotPDO P2 wells
PDO TRB G HI area
208277
353
649
385
945
1164
1225
1515
13281358
1411 1451 1467 1539
M bbl Ambition: Troll 300 = 1900 bbl
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Rigs and drilling service§ AGR Group – Drilling management§ Odfjell Drilling – Rig and drilling services§ SeaDrill – Rig and drilling services
Drilling technology and equipment§ AGR Group – Riserless Mud Recovery§ Geomec Engineering - Improved wellbore stability and mud loss
management§ IRIS - Drilltronics§ PTC – Riser displacement cleaning tool§ Reelwell - Managed pressure drilling. Extended reach drilling
Alternative drilling and well intervention methods§ Aker Solutions – Coiled tubing. Light well intervention. Riserless
well intervention§ FMCTechnologies – Riserless Well Intervention (RLWI)§ Odfjell Drilling – Snubbing§ TTS-Sense – Rack and Pinion technology
DrillingWell design and planning§ add wellflow – Well planning consultancy§ AGR Group – Well planning, operations geosteering§ IRIS – research and verification of well design and down hole
equipment§ SINTEF Petroleum Research – Support for well design, planning
and real time analysis
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Options for improving recovery
§ DIACS wells (downholeinstrumentation and controlsystem)
§ Chemical treatments§ Down hole separation and
injection§ Down hole pumping and
compression§ Artificial lift
Well Technology
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• Statoil - advanced well technology:– 1997: First DIACS well (Snorre A)– 2003: First with open-hole sand screen and swell packs (Snorre B)– Open-hole gravel pack and chemical injection on zonal level (Urd)– First with optical flow meters on zonal level in a DIACS WAG injector (Veslefrikk)– Technology development on Troll - a success story difficult to match
Use of DIACS
Tubing
Packer
Cemented liner
Perforations
Surface operatedvalve.
Zone packer
StandardIn MLT wellIn combination
with gravel pack
With
ICD
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Well equipment§ AGR Group – Canseal, chemical zone isolation tool§ Aker Solutions - Wireline tractor and wireline logging services§ i-Tec – Equipment for smart wells§ Fishbones – Fishbones needles – open hole liner completion for well
stimulation§ PTC – Equipment for Wellhead, Well intervention and completion§ READ – Hydraulic expandable well systems, different kinds§ SeaWell - Completion equipment and service, Gas tight well barriers§ TCO – Smart plugs
Artificial lift§ PTC – Gas lift equipment
Well Technology
Downhole separation§ READ – Flow splitter, cyclone based
Well design and performance§ Geomec Engineering - Sand management, flooding optimisation§ IRIS – Research and verification of well design and down hole equipment§ Kongsberg – LedaFlow, dynamic multiphase simulations, flow assurance§ SINTEF Petroleum Research – Support on well design, planning and real
time analysis, fracturing and filtercake topics§ SPT Group and IFE – Olga Rocx, well and near-well multiphase
simulations
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Options for improving recovery§ Sub sea pumping and compression§ Sub sea separation§ Sub sea power supply
Sub Sea Solutions
34 -
Troll Oil reserves
PDOH-wellsGasProvince
Increasedwell density
Testprod.PetrojarlHorizontalwell
Troll PilotPDO P2 wells
PDO TRB G HI area
208277
353
649
385
945
1164
1225
1515
13281358
1411 1451 1467 1539
M bbl Ambition: Troll 300 = 1900 bbl
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Separation§ Aker Solutions – Processing solutions§ FMC Technologies– Subsea separators and
solutions§ GE Oil & Gas – Processing solutions
Pumping and compression§ Aker Solutions – Multiphase pumping and compression solutions§ FMC Technologies – Multiphase pumping and compression solutions§ Framo Engineering – Water injection pumps, Multiphase Pumps and Wet Gas Compressor§ GE Oil & Gas - Compressors§ PG Pump Solutions – Multiphase pumps§ Siemens Oil and Gas Offshore – Wet gas compressor
Sub Sea Solutions
Sub sea power supply§ ABB – Power supply§ GE Oil & Gas – Power Supply§ Siemens Oil and Gas Offshore – Power
supply
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Topside modifications may be needed in an IOR project– as a supplement to other measures or as Improved Recovery in itself
§ Simplification, and reducing down-time§ Allowing low pressure production§ Debottlenecking - Gas processing capacity - Separator capacity - Water
injection capacity - Gas injection capacity - Produced water treatment etc
Topside Modification
Process simulation§ ABB – Prosess simulation and control systems§ AGR – Process simulation§ Aker Solutions – Process simulations§ FMC Technologies – process simulation§ IFE – Process simulation§ Kongsberg – Process simulation and control systems,
lifecycle simulation, online and enterprise simulation§ Siemens Oil and Gas Offshore - Process simulation and
control systems§ SINTEF Petroleum Research – Process simulation, flow
assurance§ Petrolink – Process simulation and flow assurance
In-line separation§ FMC – CDS inline separation
cyclone based§ ProPure – Multiphase flow
conditioner for inline separation
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Improving recovery
§ Produced watertreatment
§ Reduce waterproduction at source(well technology)
§ Isolate waterproducing zones
§ Intelligentcompletions
§ Down holeseparation andreinjection
§ Reinjection ofproduced water
Water Management
Injection strategy:
Efficient pressure support in allformations.
Optimize the number of injectors byreducing number of dedicated injectorsto release slots for production wells.
ICV (DIACS) injection wells with zonecontrol and flow measurements in allsegments.
Injection control 2008 +
Inject the right phase in the rightformation at the right time.
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Water management consultancy§ AGR Group - Design water injection projects
for IOR§ Aquateam – Consultancy and R&D for water
management, operational support, monitoringand documentation
§ Geomec Engineering – Rock mechanicsconsultancy for water injection
§ NIVA - Water quality assessment and watermanagement consultancy
Produced water treatment§ Hamworthy Gas Systems – Coalescer (VIEC)§ M-I EPCON – Produced water cleaning,
Compact Flotation Unit (CFU)§ NIVA – microbial water cleaning techniques.§ ProPure – Produced water treatment – Four
proprietory water treatment techniquesamong these C-Tour and TORR.
§ Siemens Oil and gas offshore – Producedwater treatment. Walnut shell filter
§ TS-Technology – Produced water treatment,Compact flotation Unit
Water Management
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Integrated Operations
data gathering
analysis
processing
transfer
feedback
Producingwells
Separationprocess
Drilling
visualizationIntegration of data from multiple
sources in wells andproduction process or fromdrilling and reservoir model.
Real time analysis and action
Visualisation and control roomsolutions
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Integrated Operations
Research and DevelopmentDNV – IO in the high North – Development of
standards for data representation tofacilitate communication in the IO chain.
NTNU – Center for Integrated Operations in thePetroleum industry. Partnership fordevelopment of IO technology.
data gathering
analysis
processing
transfer
feedback
Producingwells
Separationprocess
Drilling
visualization
§ ABB – Complete IO systems, data gathering, transfer,processing and control systems
§ AGR – Well planning and delivery process. Optimizing fieldoperations
§ Aker Solutions - Data gathering, transfer and processing§ Bjørge - Remote diagnostics software, communication
systems§ EPSIS – Integrated Operation Services International§ FMC Technologies – Flow management, production
optimisation, software and control systems§ Framo Engineering – Integrated operation services
for sub sea systems§ IFE – Integrated work process analysis, software
and consultancy. Tracer based process management§ IRIS – Integrated operation in drilling§ Kongsberg – Complete IO systems, data gathering, transfer,
processing, visualization and control systems. Collaborationfacilities and work process design
§ Octio Geophysical – Real time decition systems§ Odfjell Drilling – Consultancy for drilling operations§ Petrolink – Complete IO systems with collaboration
models,work processes, communication systems§ Roxar – Reservoir monitoring and data transfer.§ Siemens Oil and Gas Offshore - Complete IO systems,
data gathering, transfer, processing and control systems§ SINTEF – Consultancy on IO for drilling§ Tampnet – Fiber-net communication
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www.INTSOK.com
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