Download - Canopy Half Day Training[1]
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Canopy Technical Training Course
Version 4.3
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2
Goal: identify
students, their
Canopy experience,
what type of
applications they
have implemented
and/or seen
Welcome & Introductions
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3
What Canopy IS . . .
Definition
• High-performance wireless broadband
services for residential, business and
enterprise users.
– Fixed, but can support Nomadic
– Layer 2 switch-based system
– Multiple frequency and performance
options, often in the unlicensed
spectrum (varies by country)
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What Canopy IS
Network Attributes
• Specific attributes include:
– Line-of-Sight (LOS) system (900 MHz,
2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz, 5.4 GHz, 5.7 GHz)
– Non line-of-sight (NLOS) (900 MHz;
5.4 & 5.7 GHz high-speed point-to-point
solutions, PTP400 and PTP600)
– No steady-state degradation with
distance or number of active Subscriber
Modules (within stated product range)
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What Canopy is NOT…
• WiFi 802.11
• In-building
• Mobile
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“3.5”, sometimes referred to as “International MMDS”. Mostly International from around 3.400 to 3.700, depending on country. Used extensively for wireless local loop (WLL) service.
WCS (Wireless Communications Service) Licensed2.305-2.320 and 2.345-2.360 GHz (“2.3”)
BRS & EBS (Broadband Radio Service and Educational Broadband Service) – formerly known as MDS/MMDS/ITFS) 2.495 GHz – 2.690 GHzThese channels were reserved for commercial data and video distribution (BRS) and for the transmission f instructional materials for accredited educational institutions – these channels are undergoing ‘rebanding’ presently
Broadband Wireless Spectrum(Available frequencies vary by country)
ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical). Unlicensed, 902-928 MHz (“900”, mostly cordless phones)2.400-2.4835 GHz (“2.4”, cordless, 802.11b/g)5.725-5.850 GHz (“5.8”, BWA)
UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure). Unlicensed, UNII-1: 5.150-5.250 GHz (Indoor Only, 802.11a)UNII-2: 5.250-5.350 GHz (“5.2”, BWA, 802.11a)UNII-3: 5.470-5.725 GHz (“5.4”)UNII-4: 5.725-5.825 GHz (“5.7”, BWA)
1 GHz 2 GHz 3 GHz 4 GHz 5 GHz 6 GHz
Subject to governmental changes
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Canopy Family of Products
Hardware (p.1)
� = Use of reflector dependent on local regulations
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5.4
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SM (Canopy or Advantage) with Reflector Kit
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Point-to-Point, PTP400 & PTP600
��������Point-to-Point, PTP100
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5.7
GHz
5.2
GHzEquipment
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Canopy Family of Products
Hardware (p.2)
����
5.1 GHz
����
����
����
����
All
CMM2 Cluster Management Module*
����
5.4 GHz
������������T1/E1 Multiplexer
900 MHz
CMMmicro – Cluster Management Module
2.4 GHz
Power Supply
SS - Surge Suppressor
5.7 GHz
5.2 GHz
Equipment
* The CMM2 is no longer being sold, although it is still supported.
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9
Canopy Supporting Tools
Software
• Canopy Networks can benefit from supporting software tools – all systems can use all these tools:
– Prizm Element Management System
– Canopy Network Updater Tool (CNUT)
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Canopy Components (1)
Access Point Cluster(on a separate frequency band
than the Backhaul module)
GPS Antenna
PTP100 with Reflector (View from rear of reflector)
Cluster Management Module
T1/E1 Multiplexer
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11
Canopy Components (1)
Access Point Cluster(on a separate frequency band
than the Backhaul module)
GPS Antenna
Backhaul with Reflector (View from rear of reflector)
Cluster Management Module
T1/E1 Multiplexer
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12
Canopy SystemAccess Point Cluster
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Canopy SystemNote the Two-Pairs Per Access Point
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Canopy SystemGPS Antenna
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15
Canopy SystemPTP100 and Reflector
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Canopy SystemCMM
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17
Canopy System
900 MHz Modules
External Antenna Integrated Antenna
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18
Motorola Point to Point SolutionsPTP400 (30/60 Mbps) & PTP600 (150/300 Mbps)
Integrated Antenna Flat Panel Connectorized Antenna
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19
Overview: Canopy Architecture
Operator’s
IP Network
CMM
micro
SM
Router(Motorola
WA850)
Base
Station
ClusterSix APs
SS
SS
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Canopy Advantage Platform
Increased Throughput/Performance
• Build on Canopy system strengths
• Support multi-service platforms
• Remain backward compatible
• Establish a future migration path to
unlicensed WiMAX
• Advantage platform available for
Access Points and Subscriber
Modules
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21
Canopy Advantage Performance
Combinations of APs and SMs
• Up to twice the capacity per AP
• Dramatic increase in throughput at SM
• Decrease inherent latency by factor of three
Advantage APAdvantage APCanopy AP
5 – 7 msec5 – 7 msec20 msecLatency
14 Mbps7 Mbps6.2 Mbps
Sustained Aggregate Throughput
Advantage SMCanopy SMCanopy SM
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22
Canopy Advantage
Deployment View
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Canopy Lite SM
Low Cost Option for Network Extension
• 512 kbps aggregate throughput
• 768 kb burst
• 100 kbps full duplex CIR (support VoIP)
• Throughput upgrades available– 1, 2, 4 or 7 Mbps aggregate throughput
– Must use Prizm to apply throughput upgrades
– 7 Mbps Lite is NOT the same as Canopy SM
• Available in 2.4, 5.2, 5.4 and 5.7 GHz
• Must be used with Advantage AP and Canopy Software Release 7.3.6 or later
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24
Canopy Portfolio Progression
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
3 Mbps
7 Mbps
14 Mbps
AggregateSM
Throughput
C A N O P Y C A N O P Y
Canopy AP & SM
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
Advantage AP &
Canopy Lite SM
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
Advantage
AP & SM
Advantage AP& Canopy SM
C A N O P Y
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Canopy Advantage AP Services All
Types of Canopy Subscriber Modules
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
Canopy
SMs
Canopy
Lite SMs
CanopyAdvantage APs
C A N O P Y C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
CanopyAdvantage
SMs
C A N O P Y
CanopyAP
CanopySMs only
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
SS
C A N O P Y
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Canopy Product Specifications
• Detailed specifications are presented on the
next several slides.
• Specifications are listed for full power
operation, unless otherwise noted.
• Products listed are not available in all
countries; consult your local regulations.
• Complete specifications are posted on the
Canopy website, under the “Product Info”
menu option.
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Performance Summary Tables:Point to Multipoint (Canopy AP & Canopy SM, p.1)
6.2 Mbps10 mi / 16 km2 mi / 3.2 km5.7 GHz
6.2 MbpsFocus beam/
lower noise floor(Low power only)
2 mi / 3.2 km5.2 GHz
Reflector focuses beam and lowers noise floor
1.2 mi / 2 km
2.4 GHz(100 mW)
6.2 Mbps15 mi / 24 km5 mi / 8 km2.4 GHz
Typical Sustained Aggregate Throughput
LOS Range with Reflector
LOS RangeFrequency
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Performance Summary Tables:Point to Multipoint (Canopy AP & Canopy SM, p.2)
Reflector focuses beam and lowers noise floor
2 mi / 3.2 km5.4 GHz
(1 W)
6.2 MbpsN/A2 mi / 3.2 km5.4 GHz
6.2 MbpsFocused beam/ lower noise floor
2 mi / 3.2 km5.1 GHz
Typical Sustained Aggregate Throughput
LOS Range with Reflector
LOS RangeFrequency
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Performance Summary Tables:Advantage Point to Multipoint (AP–SM, p.1)
5 mi / 8 km1 mi / 1.6 km10 mi / 16 km2 mi / 3.2 km5.7 GHz
Focused beam/
lower noise floor
1 mi / 1.6 kmFocused beam/
lower noise floor
2 mi / 3.2 km5.2 GHz
Focused beam/
lower noise floor
0.6 mi/ 1 kmFocused beam/
lower noise floor
1.2 mi / 2 km2.4 GHz
Low Power
7.5 mi / 12 km2.5 mi / 4 km15 mi / 24 km5 mi / 8 km2.4 GHz
40 mile/ Up to 4 NO
64 km Mpbs only Reflector
N/A – All 900 is Advantage900 MHz
w/ ReflectorRangew/ ReflectorRange
Advantage AP/Advantage SM4 FSK (≤ 14 Mbps Throughput)
Advantage AP/Canopy SM2FSK (≤ 7 Mbps Throughput)
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Performance Summary Tables:Advantage Point to Multipoint (AP–SM, p.2)
Focused beam/
lower noise floor
1 mi / 1.6 kmFocused beam/
lower noise floor
2 mi / 3.2 km5.4 GHz
Low Power
Focused beam/
lower noise floor
1 mi / 1.6 kmFocused beam/
lower noise floor
2 mi / 3.2 km5.4 GHz
Focused beam/ lower noise floor
1 mi / 1.6 kmFocused beam/ lower noise floor
2 mi / 3.2 km5.1 GHz
w/ ReflectorRangew/ ReflectorRange
Advantage AP/Advantage SM4 FSK (≤ 14 Mbps Throughput)
Advantage AP/Canopy SM2FSK (≤ 7 Mbps Throughput)
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Performance Summary Tables:Advantage AP and Canopy Lite SM
512 Kbps*N/A2 mi / 3.2 km5.2 GHz
512 Kbps*15 mi / 24 km5 mi / 8 km2.4 GHz
512 Kbps*10 mi / 16 km2 mi / 3.2 km5.7 GHz
512 Kbps*N/A2 mi / 3.2 km5.4 GHz
Typical Sustained Aggregate Throughput
LOS Range with Reflector
LOS RangeFrequency
* Upgradeable to higher throughput rates
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32
Performance Summary Tables:Point-to-Point BH – PTP100 (1)
AES or DES
AES or DES
AES or DES
AES or DES
AES or DES
Encryption
7.5 Mbps14 Mbps
35 mi / 56 km2 mi / 1.6 km1 mi / 1.6 km
5.7 GHz (10 Mbps)5.7 GHz (20 Mbps)
7.5 Mbps
14 Mbps
10 mi / 16 km
5 mi / 8 km
2 mi / 3.2 km
1 mi / 1.6 km
5.2 GHz ER (10 Mbps)
5.2 GHz ER (20 Mbps)
7.5 Mbps35 mi / 56 km
10 mi / 16 km
5 mi / 8 km
1.2 mi/2 km
2.4 GHz (10 Mbps)
2.4 GHz @ 100mW
14 Mbps35 mi / 56 km
5 mi / 8 km2 mi / 3.2 km0.6 mi/1 km
2.4 GHz (20 Mbps)2.4 GHz @ 100mW
N/A
LOS Range
with 2 Reflectors
7.5 Mbps2 mi / 3.2 km5.2 GHz
Typical
Aggregate Throughput
LOS Range Frequency
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Performance Summary Tables:Point-to-Point BH – PTP100 (2)
7.5 Mbps14 Mbps
DESN/A
5 mi / 8 km2 mi / 3.2 km1 mi / 1.6 km
5.1 GHz (10 Mb/s)5.1 GHz (20 Mb/s)
AES or DES
Encryption
7.5 Mbps14 Mbps
10 mi / 16 km5 mi / 8 km
2 mi / 3.2 km1 mi / 1.6 km
5.4 GHz (10 Mb/s)5.4 GHz (20 Mb/s)
LOS Range with
2 Reflectors
Typical Aggregate
Throughput
LOS Range Frequency
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Performance Summary Tables:PTP400 and PTP600
Up to 21 MbpsUp to 124 miles (200 km)5.4 & 5.7 GHz (30 Mb/s)
Up to 43 MbpsUp to 124 miles (200 km)5.4 & 5.7 GHz (60 Mb/s)
Up to 150 MbpsUp to 124 miles (200 km)5.4 & 5.7 GHz (150 Mb/s)
Up to 300 Mbps
Typical Aggregate
Throughput
Up to 124 miles (200 km)5.4 & 5.7 GHz (300 Mb/s)
Range Frequency
• Range and throughput vary with RF conditions• Near line of sight or non line of sight links will have reduced range
and reduced throughput.• Use the Link Estimator tool before implementing the backhaul link
to determine expected performance.
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35
Canopy Broadband Wireless ApplicationsLimited Only By Your Imagination!
• LAN extension
• Internet service
• High bandwidth point-to-point connections
• Multicast video (instruction and training)
• PBX extension
• Telco replacement
• T1/E1 replacement
• Fiber replacement
• Cellular backhaul
• Point to multipoint
backhaul
• Network backup
• Video surveillance
• Voice over IP
• TDM over Ethernet
(legacy voice & data)
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36
RF Review
The following concepts were covered in CPT100. Consult CPT100 Student Guide or Appendix A for additional information:
– RF Environment Considerations, such as
attenuation, earth curvature, Fresnel Zone
clearance and reflection/ multipath.
– Line of sight, near line of sight, non line of sight.
– Power output of modules.
– Frequency planning.
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RF Review:
Fresnel Zone
• Method of calculating the amount of clearance needed so that wireless waves are not attenuated
– Calculation depends on signal wavelength, total path length and distance to the obstacle
• At least 60 percent of the Fresnel Zone must be clear for most Canopy modules to establish links
• Canopy 900 MHz modules, PTP400 and PTP600 products allow for near and non-LOS transmission; links must be tested.
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RF Review:
Fresnel Zone Examples
Each example has clear visual line-of-sight, but not radio line-of-sight. The signal will be attenuated,
because the Fresnel Zone is obstructed.
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RF Review:
Collocating Units
• APs and PTP100 BHM modules can be collocated on the same tower observing the following rules:– APs and BHM modules should be on different bands – If modules are in the same band, they must be
vertically separated by a minimum of 100 feet (30 meters).
– If an RF shield were deployed between the modules, then the vertical separation could be reduced.
– All Canopy AP and BHM modules, even those belonging to a competitor, must be synchronized by a CMM.
• APs or BHMs cannot be collocated with SMs or BHSs on single band operation.
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40
RF & Canopy:
Collocating Units
• APs and PTP400 or PTP600 backhauls can be collocated on the same tower observing the following rules:– If same band, separate APs and the BH units by
100 feet (30 meters) vertically.
– When the AP and the BH are in the same band, separate the frequencies as much as possible.
• For example, use 5735, 5755 and 5775 MHz for the Canopy 5.7 GHz AP modules.
• Select 5800, 5806, 5812, 5818, 5824, 5830, 5836 and 5842 for the PTP400 or PTP600 backhaul modules.
• Ensure there is at least 25 MHz separation between adjacent AP and BH frequencies.
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41
906
906
924
924 915
915
5.275
5.275
5.325
5.325 5.300
5.300
RF Review: Channel Planning
900 MHz; 2.4, 5.2 and 5.4 GHz
• Select three non-overlapping frequencies for Access Point clusters
• Assume 8 MHz channel separation for 900 MHz systems
• Assume 20 MHz channel separation for 2.4, 5.2 and 5.4 GHz (or 25 MHz if implementing 2x, or 4-level, Advantage signaling)
• The 5.4 GHz band offers 11 non-overlapping channels; Canopy still recommends you use 3 per cluster.
• Each of these frequencies can be used twice in a cluster, shown here.
5.485
5.485
5.535
5.535 5.510
5.510
2.4150
2.4150
2.4575
2.4575 2.435
2.435
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42
RF Review: Channel Planning
5.7 GHz
5.7 GHz provides six non-overlapping ISM/U-NII frequencies for configuring Access Points, assuming
a channel separation of 20 MHz for 1x (2-level) signaling. Canopy recommends 25 MHz spacing for
2x (4-level) signaling used with Advantage.
5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5.
735 740 745 750 755 760 765 770 775 780 785 790 795 800 805 810 815 820 825 830 835 840
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43
RF Planning – All Multipoint Sites
• Plan all Access Point clusters with the identical layout of three non-overlapping frequencies.
• Point the same frequencies 180°away from each other to minimize interference. For example, 5.745 is at twelve and six o’clock.
• Maintain the same frequencies in the same sectors for all clusters in the network (see example on next slide).
5.745
5.745
5.785
5.785 5.765
5.765
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44
RF PlanningExample of Frequency Reuse
AB
CA
B
C
AB
CA
B
C
AB
CA
B
C
AB
CA
B
C
AB
CA
B
C
AB
CA
B
C
AB
CA
B
C
5.785 GHz
5.765 GHz
5.745 GHz
5.785 GHz
5.765 GHz
5.745 GHz
Frequency
300˚
240˚
180˚
120˚
60˚
0˚
Heading
C: NW
B: SW
A: South
C: SE
B: NE
A: North
Direction of
AP Sector
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Section 2 - Design a Canopy Network
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Section 2 Objectives
• Explain the criteria for optimal Canopy site selection
• Identify the correct tools to support site selection
• Design a wireless network to meet customer requirements and performance objectives
• Design for single band operation
• Identify when to establish Point-to-Point or Point-to-Multipoint Canopy networks
• Discuss proper grounding techniques
• Select the correct Canopy equipment and peripherals to support a particular network design
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Overview of Planning Process for
Your Physical Wireless Network
1. Identify general requirements
2. Conduct potential site assessments
3. Identify structures for radio placement
4. Verify line of sight transmissions
5. Provide physical protection
6. Assess potential sources of
interference
7. Test proposed radio links
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Identify General Requirements
What are system’s characteristics?
• Enterprise, Carrier,
Wireless ISP, Other?
• Point-to-point or
point-to-multipoint?
• Performance needed
(bandwidth)?
• Line of sight issues?
• Security required
(AES vs. DES)
Step 1
Point-to-Multipoint
Point-to-Multipoint
Point-to-Point
Point-to-Multipoint
Point-to-Multipoint
Point-to-Point
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Identify General Requirements
Performance Considerations
• What is the geographic area to be covered?
• How many subscribers will be served?
• What is the terrain?
• What man-made and natural obstacles exist (trees, buildings, bodies of water)?
• What other microwave radio services may present a source of RF interference to your proposed wireless network?
– Telco point-to-point relays
– Competitive wireless service providers
– Pager network modules (900 MHz)
Step 1
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Identify General RequirementsPhysical Considerations
• What types of structures will be required to provide wireless network service to your proposed
customer base?
• What are the power requirements for the proposed installation?
• What type of applications over the wireless link will be required?
– Data– Voice
– Video
All of these items must be considered when designing a wireless network
Step 1
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Conduct Potential Site Assessments
Begin Identifying Locations
• Study local and
topographical maps
• Drive the proposed
coverage area
• Take photographs
• Refer to Canopy
equipment specifications
to plot the range between
modules
Step 2
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Conduct Spectrum Analysis
• If necessary, use a Spectrum Analyzer to sweep the proposed coverage area to determine existing RF activity.– Canopy Access Points, Subscriber Modules,
PTP100 backhaul master and slave modules (10 or 20 Mbps) can be used as spectrum analyzers.
– The PTP400 and PTP600 backhauls have a built-in spectrum analyzer, and keep a running 31-day history of all channels.
• Conduct spectrum analysis at several different times of day for a more complete picture of the RF environment.
Step 2
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Graphical Spectrum Analyzer
• Enable the Spectrum Analyzer from the SM or PTP100 BHS Expanded Stats web page. – (An AP can be reset to an SM for spectrum analysis.)
• All frequencies in the band are scanned and reported. (See next slide for sample.)
• Select Enable to refresh the readings, or set the “Web Page Auto-Update” to a value greater than 5.
• Select Disable to re-establish SM or BHS connectivity to APs or BHMs.
• Enabling Spectrum Analyzer will drop the RF link. If not disabled, the Spectrum Analyzer will time out after 15 minutes.
Step 2
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Graphical Spectrum Analyzer SampleStep 2
Green bars show the latest reading.Yellow tick marks show the maximum reading over time.Red tick marks indicate strong readings (-40 dBm or greater).
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Identify Structures for Radio
Placement
• Tall structures such as buildings, radio towers, water towers and hills or mountain tops are ideal sites.
• The site must have some source of power: AC, DC, Solar, and emergency backup power (UPS, generator, batteries).
• If the site is not being used as a repeater, some type of data source must be available: Ethernet/fiber-optic cable, modem/ mux, telco line or wireless backhaul.
Step 3
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Verify Line of Sight Transmissions
Most Canopy systems need LOS
• 2.4/5.x GHz communication is Line of Sight (LOS).
• 900 MHz equipment provides Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) communication. Distance and throughput is dependent upon conditions and must be tested.
• Overall throughput rate is lower for 900 MHz equipment (compared to 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) and must be taken into consideration when planning your installations.
• The PTP400 and PTP600 backhaul modules provide near-line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight transmissions. Range and throughput are reduced. Links must be tested before installation.
Step 4
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Verify Line of Sight, cont’d
Several Ways to Verify Line of Sight
• Physically observe the path (driving or flying)
• Measure height of suspect obstructions
• Use maps or software (terrain database, mapping or topographical)
• Aeronautical charts
• Electronic strobes, flashing mirrors or CDs
• Radio test
• Video camera on a boom
• Weather balloons (colored) or flares
• Never assume the intended path is clear of obstructions!
• See the Appendices for examples of the above-listed methods.
Step 4
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Provide Physical Protection
• The site must have provisions for grounding
and lightning protection. (See Appendix.)
• If devices like hubs, switches or routers are
used, element protection is required (e.g.:
weatherproof cabinet, radio room etc.).
• Follow local regulations regarding
installation and operation of RF devices.
• Site must be accessible for maintenance
but secure from vandalism, animals and the
curious.
Step 5
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Physical Protection, cont’d
• Mounting structures should be rigid and capable of supporting modules, mounting hardware and the technician installing the equipment!
• Units with parabolic antennas or reflectors should be mounted on structures designed to withstand, at minimum, the wind load rating of the antenna.
Step 5
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Assess Potential Sources of
Interference
• Check for sources of potential interference. These
could be other radios, or high energy sources
affecting the cables.
• If you suspect interference, sweep the area with a
spectrum analyzer. Check multiple times, at
different times of the day.
• The actual performance and range of Canopy
equipment can be affected by interference levels.
– In environments with heavy interference, reflectors may
be required to obtain optimum Canopy equipment
performance.
Step 6
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Test Proposed Radio Links
• The only way to find out if the radio path will work is to try it!
• It is not good business practice to provide service where the signal is reflected off of objects or passes through trees unless you have control over new construction, trees, repainting of RF reflective surfaces, etc.
Step 7
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Select Canopy Equipment to Support Your Particular Network Demands;
Be sure to include the proper peripherals and complementary equipment to ensure
expected performance is realized
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Canopy Parts List
• The Canopy Parts List is detailed and can be confusing.
Ensure you carefully select the equipment you need,
with the correct options, when completing your order.
• Below is a partial Parts List. A complete list is available
as reference material, and will be used during Lab 2.
Part Number Description/Quantity
2.4 GHz Equipment
2451AP 2.4 GHz Advantage Access Point with AES, adjustable power set to high
2451APWL 2.4 GHz Advantage Access Point with AES, adjustable power set to low
2450AP 2.4 GHz Advantage Access Point, adjustable power set to high
2400AP 2.4 GHz Access Point, adjustable power set to high
2400BH 2.4 GHz 10 Mbps Backhaul, adjustable power set to high no reflector
2400BHRF 2.4 GHz 10 Mbps Backhaul with Reflector, adjustable power set to high
2400BH20 2.4 GHz 20 Mbps Backhaul - NO Reflector, adjustable power set to high
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Point to Point Network Design
BH Master BH Slave
CMM micro SS
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Point to Point Backhaul Network (PTP)
• Backhaul Timing Master – module used in a point-to-point link, controlling the air protocol and configurations for the link.
• Backhaul Timing Slave – module used in a point-to-point link, and accepts configuration and timing from the master module.
• Cluster Management Module – a module that provides power, GPS timing, and network connections for Backhaul timing masters and Access Point clusters, if located on the same tower.
• T1/E1 Multiplexer (optional) – device capable of transporting up to three T1 or two E1 voice lines onto a Canopy PTP link.
NOTE: For the PTP100 backhaul modules, master and slave are notpre-configured (they are the same part number for ordering). During the installation process, the operator configures each particular backhaul as either a master or a slave. The PTP400 and PTP600 backhauls are ordered in pairs, and arrive pre-configured as master and slave.
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Point to Point Network Components
• The basic point to point link consists of a Backhaul Timing Master and a Backhaul Timing Slave.
• Lengthier point to point networks can be constructed by linking together multiple backhaul masters and slaves.
• In most cases, BH masters must be connected to a Cluster Management Module (CMM) so that a GPS timing pulse can synchronize the transmission cycles.
– The PTP400 and PTP600 backhaul modules must be connected to a non-powered port.
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Motorola PTP Solutions PortfolioRange of Frequencies and Performance
PTP100Line of Sight
PTP400 and PTP600 (OFDM)Line of Sight, Near LOS, Non-LOS
• 10 & 20 Mbps
• 2.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.4, and 5.7 GHz
• < 5 ms RT latency
• 30 / 60 Mbps, < 7 ms RT latency
• 150/300 Mbps, < 1 ms RT latency
• 5.4 & 5.7 GHz
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PTP400 & PTP600 Backhaul Modules
• Establish links in “challenging” environments: over
water, through trees, around buildings, over hills
• Interference mitigation technology:
– Transmit two redundant signals for additional
system gain
– Adaptive modulation for maximum throughput
– Dynamic Frequency Selection automatically
changes channels to preserve the link
• Use Link Estimator tool before deploying modules.
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Link Estimator Tool (PTP400 & PTP600)
• Optimize the link before deployment
• Results are as good as input data
– Terrain data
– Man-made obstructions
– Antenna heights
– Antenna size, gain
– Distances
• Tool will provide expected performance
• Available for download to “CanopyPass”
accounts on Canopy website
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Link Estimator Tool – Sample Page
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PTP400/PTP600 Series – Operations
• Narrow channels:– 12 MHz (PTP400, 30/60 Mbps)
– 30 MHz (PTP600, 150/300 Mbps)
• Retains 31-day history across all channels
• Full time spectrum analyzer
• Proprietary data scrambling and encryption
• Software upgradeable from 30 to 60 and from 150 to 300 Mbps
• T1/E1 port(s) available on PTP600
• Power options: -48V DC or AC
• Can install redundant power supplies
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Point to Point Backhaul Network OptionsPTP100 Series Backhaul Modules (p.1)
• Note: Distances vary based on terrain and other line-of-sight issues
10 mi / 16 km5 mi / 8 km
1.2 mi / 2 km0.6 mi / 1 km
2.4 GHz (10 Mbps) @ 100 mW2.4 GHz (20 Mbps) @ 100 mW
10 mi / 16 km5 mi / 8 km
2 mi / 3.2 km1 mi / 1.6 km
5.2 GHz ER (10 Mbps)5.2 GHz ER (20 Mbps)
35 mi / 56 km5 mi / 8 km
2 mi / 3.2 km2.4 GHz (10 Mbps)2.4 GHz (20 Mbps)
35 mi / 56 km
N/A
Range with 2 Reflectors
2 mi / 3 km2 mi / 3.2 km
5.7 GHz (10 Mbps)5.7 GHz (20 Mbps)
2 mi / 3.2 km5.2 GHz (10 Mbps)
Range Frequency
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Point to Point Backhaul Network OptionsPTP100 Series Backhaul Modules (p.2)
• Note: Distances vary based on terrain and other line-of-sight issues
10 mi / 16 km5 mi / 8 km
2 mi / 3 km1 mi / 1.6 km
5.4 GHz (10 Mbps)5.4 GHz (20 Mbps)
N/A
5 mi / 8 km
Range with 2 Reflectors
2 mi / 3.2 km1 mi / 1.6 km
5.1 GHz (10 Mbps)5.1 GHz (20 Mbps)
Range Frequency
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Point to Point Backhaul Network OptionsPTP400 & PTP600 Backhaul Modules
• Distances vary based on terrain and other line of sight issues.
• Throughput rates will be lower in near and non line of sight situations.
• Always use the Link Estimator tool before deploying equipment.
Up to 124 mi (200 km)
Line of Sight
Range
Up to 6 mi (10 km)
Up to 25 mi (40 km)
5.4 GHz 30/60 Mbps
5.7 GHz 30/60 Mbps
5.4 GHz 150/300 Mbps
5.7 GHz 150/300 Mbps
Non-Line of
Sight Range
Near-Line of
Sight RangeModule Type
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T1/E1 Multiplexer Overview
• Packaged point-to-point solution capable of transporting up to three T1 or two E1 voice lines onto a Canopy PTP link. (Will not work with AP or SM.)
• Provides synchronous, dedicated bandwidth for TDM services over wireless Ethernet (layer 2).
• Supports 10/100 BaseT uplink to Canopy or LAN.
• Purchased in pairs, preconfigured as master and slave.
• Scalable, from one to four ports - or two units combine for eight ports.
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Potential Applications for T1/E1 Mux
• Eliminate leased lines
• Implement wireless PBX networking
– Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) service over
Ethernet (prioritized to ensure low latency)
– Enables 24-channel T1 or 30-channel E1
• Route LAN/WAN data on excess bandwidth
• Provide homeland security
backup/emergency voice networks
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Point to Point Networks
Things to Consider in Planning
• Consider breaking long paths into multiple smaller hops.
• Follow local regulations regarding use of reflectors.
• Transmission path for PTP100 Series modules is line of sight.
• The Link Estimator tool should always be used when planning an implementation with PTP400 or PTP600 Series backhauls.
• Verify the band and frequency to be used will be free from interference from other RF sources.
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Cluster Management Module (CMM)
General Rule for using CMMs
• Each AP or Backhaul master must be connected to a CMM – For PTP400 and PTP600 backhauls, connect
Ethernet cable PIDU to a NON-powered port.
• Exceptions to CMM use: – Cluster with up to two Canopy devices AND
with no other Canopy system nearby
– Remote AP or BHM receiving the sync reference from an SM or BHS
Considering that Canopy operates in the unlicensed spectrum, and that no one
can project when systems will be added, it is strongly recommended that CMMsare always quoted and installed with APs and BH-Ms.
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CMMmicro Features
• Managed 8-port Ethernet switch
• Auto-negotiates full/half duplex, or 10/100 baseT
• Weatherized enclosure – External 24vDC power supply is NOT weatherized
• One RJ-45 cable to each module provides Ethernet, power and GPS sync
• Lightweight: 8 lbs (3.5 kg)
• Dimensions: 12” x 10” x 3”34 x 26 x 8 cm
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CMMmicroA “Managed” Switch
1.Managed 8-port Ethernet Switch
2.Override Switch
3.GPS Receiver
4.DC Power Connectors (external power supply)
5.GPS antenna connector
6.Power cables “in”
7.GPS/CAT-5 data cables
(This CMM uses External Power Adaptor)
2
1
4
3
5
6 7 7 7
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Placement of CMMmicro
• The CMMmicro is housed in a weather tight cabinet.
• The external power supply is not weather-proof.
• The CMMmicro must be mounted within 100 meters (328 feet) of APs or BH Masters (CAT5 Ethernet limit).
• The GPS antenna must be mounted in a location no more than 30 meters or 100 feet from the CMMmicro with clear visibility to the sky.
• If using externally supplied DC power, use 10-12AWG wire.
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Examples of PTP Backhaul
Installations
• Following are several examples of point-to-point backhaul installations. For each example, only like-kind backhaul modules can be deployed together.
• In all cases where there is a CMMmicro, an Access Point cluster could also be installed.
• In multiple backhaul installations, CMMmicros must be deployed to properly synchronize the modules to avoid interference and desensing of the modules.
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Example 1: Multiple Backhaul LinksSynchronizing at a mid-point
• BH links at a common point (such as the middle of a link) may use the same frequency if BH masters are:
1. synchronized 2. pointed in different directions, and3. using the same downlink percentage.
PTP100 BH Masters PTP100 BH SlavePTP100 BH Slave
CMMSS
5.7 GHz 5.7 GHz
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Example 1: Alternatives for Discussion
• Access Point clusters could be placed on same tower as Backhaul Slave if:
– Include a CMMmicro
– AP cluster and BHS use different
frequencies
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Example 2: Multiple Backhaul LinksSynchronizing at every other site
PTP100 BH Slaves
• Longer chains of backhauls can be organized by synchronizing modules at every other site
• Avoid using the same frequency on two modules at an unsynchronized site
5.7 GHz 5.7 GHz
PTP100 BH Master
CMM
SS
CMM
SS
PTP100 BH Master
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Example #3: PBX & Legacy Data Networking (T1/E1 Mux)
• The Canopy T1/E1 Muxdedicates the bandwidth for the legacy voice lines.
• Remaining bandwidth can be used for other data.
LAN
T1 / E1
T1 / E1
T1
PBX
T1 / E1
T1 / E1
T1
LAN
Ethernet 10/100
Switch/Router
CMM
PTP600
Master
PTP600
Slave
SS
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Point to Multipoint Network Design
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Point to Multipoint Network (PMP)
Definitions:• Access Point – One Canopy module that distributes network
or Internet services in a 60 degree sector to subscribers.
• Access Point Cluster – Two to six APs that together distribute network or Internet services to a community of subscribers. With each AP covering a 60 degree sector, a cluster can cover as much as 360 degrees.
• Subscriber Module – A customer premises equipment (CPE) device that extends network or Internet services by communication with an AP or an AP cluster.
• Backhaul Module – Device that provides point-to-point connectivity link to an AP or AP cluster through the CMM.
• CMMmicro – Provides power, GPS timing and networking connections for an AP cluster.
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PMP Considerations
• In densely populated areas, consider breaking your system into multiple smaller clusters.
• Follow local regulations on reflectors and power settings.
• 2.4 and 5 GHz equipment requires line of sight.
• If you don’t have line of sight, consider multiple clusters, or consider 900 MHz equipment (taking note of the difference in throughput rate).
• Verify the band and frequency to be used will be free from interference from other RF sources. (Interference can reduce range.)
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Three Options for Canopy CPE
AggregateThroughput
14 Mbps
7 Mbps
512 Kbps
Canopy Lite*
CanopyCanopy
Advantage*
Upgrade to
1, 4, or 7 M
bps
Burst to
14 Mbps* Sus
tained
Throughpu
t
* Requires an Advantage Access Point
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PMP Considerations Higher Throughput, Tiered Services
Canopy SM:7 Mbps Throughput
Advantage SMs14 Mbps sustained
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
Canopy
SM
Canopy
SM
Canopy
SM
C A N O P Y C A N O P Y C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
With the CPE options available, you can design your network to provide 14 Mbps throughput where needed, or set up tiered service levels.
AdvantageAP cluster
C A N O P Y C A N O P Y C A N O P Y
SS
C A N O P Y
C A N O P Y
CanopyLite SM Canopy Lite:
512 Kbps Throughput
768 Kb burst Speed upgrades availableto 1, 4 or 7 Mbps
With an Advantage AP,
5 – 7 ms latency.
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CMMmicro
• A CMMmicro connected to a Backhaul
module is the central point of connectivity
for the site.
• A CMMmicro should be installed on each
AP cluster or along with each Backhaul
master
• The CMMmicro provides a GPS timing
pulse to each module in the network site,
synchronizing all network transmissions
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• Selectable downlink percentage
– Factory default: 75%
– AP is fully configurable, up or down.
– Downlink percentage is set on the AP’s Configuration page.
• One AP can provide service for up to 200 SMs.
• The number of SMs that can be supported by an AP is reduced when you enable the high priority channel on hardware-scheduled modules
Canopy AP
Downlink %
Uplink %
Up to 200
served SMs
Access Point Module
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Distance / Area
• To increase capacity/ density, AP clusters may be located closer together than 2 miles (3 km).
• At closer distances, consider reducing the power in each AP and SM using the low power selection on the module’s Configuration page. 2 mile (3 km)
or less radius
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Performance Considerations
• Evaluate the throughput requirements for your network.
• Plan placement of Advantage equipment to capitalize on higher throughputs where needed.
• Decide whether you will use hardware or software scheduling.
• Ensure there are no bottlenecks on the system.
• Determine the appropriate Uplink / Downlink ratio.
• Establish high priority settings if necessary.
• Verify line of sight.
• Verify current RF interference levels.
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Cable Recommendation
Shielded CAT5!
To minimize the possibility of Canopy
performance problems that may be
caused by external sources of
interference, it is strongly
recommended that shieldedshielded CAT5
cable (Ethernet and sync) be used in all
Canopy installations.
Key Point:Shielding
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The Importance of Proper Cabling
• Using proper cabling when installing your
Canopy system will help ensure consistent,
reliable performance of your network.
• A large majority of technical support calls
(35% or more) can be attributed to improper
cabling or the use of inferior quality cables.
• Make sure your equipment is properly
grounded.
• Use a professional to ensure you have
proper lightning protection.
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Cabling Design Considerations
• Ethernet cables cannot exceed 100 meters
(328 feet) in length.
• GPS sync cable cannot exceed 100 meters
(328 feet) in length.
• GPS antenna cable cannot exceed 30
meters (100 feet) in length.
• Be careful when constructing power
over CAT-5 cables. A mis-wire can
permanently damage Canopy modules!
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Canopy Cables - Important Notes
• Cabling is one of the most important components of any communication network.
• Poor quality, poorly constructed and chafed or nicked cables can create intermittent network
problems.
• Properly dressed and labeled cables make
identification and troubleshooting easier.
• Improperly terminated Canopy Ethernet and Sync cables can result in external signals being
coupled into the cable resulting in interference and erratic module performance.
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Section 3 – Install and Configure Canopy Products
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Point to Point Installation and Alignment
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PTP100 Backhaul Installation Tips
• Factory default is “slave.” Change one module to be the BH master.
• Use the BH Master Quick Start page to set RF frequency, synchronization source and network IP address.
• For 20 Mb BH, set modulation to 10 Mbps for easier aiming.
• Install, aim and lock down the BHM first, then install, align and lock down the BHS.
• Detailed installation steps are provided in the Canopy System User Guide.
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Canopy Reflectors, PTP100 BH
• Where permitted by local law, Canopy PTP100 backhaul modules can be used with an optional passive reflector to extend the transmission range.
• The Canopy passive reflector is illuminated by the backhaul module’s internal patch antenna, from an offset position.
• The reflector concentrates the backhaul beamwidth from 60 degrees to 6 degrees (17 degrees for 2.4 GHz).
• Reflectors must be properly aligned in order for the backhaul modules to function correctly.
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Canopy Reflector Alignment
• Follow the assembly instructions included
with the reflector.
• When properly assembled, the tube coming
out the front of the reflector will hold the
Canopy module at the correct angle.
• The mast, as it attaches to the back of the
reflector, should be vertical to the ground.
• Details and pictures are included in the
installation materials for the reflector
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Positioning the Reflectors
• Correct:
• Incorrect:
Direction of beam
Direction of beam
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PTP400 & PTP600 Backhaul Installation Tips
• The PTP400 and PTP600 backhaul modules are sold in pairs, pre-configured as master and slave.
• PTP400 and PTP600 backhaul modules contain an Outdoor Unit and a Power Indoor Unit (PIDU).
• The PIDUs are different for the PTP400 and the PTP600 backhaul modules. Use the correct PIDU.
PTP400/PTP600 Outdoor Unit, Integrated Antenna
PTP400/PTP600 PIDU
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Alignment of PTP400/PTP600
Backhauls
• Install BHM first, then install and align BHS.• Audio alignment tones are used to find the best
position when aligning the units. – Tones change as the installer repositions one of the units.– Adjust backhaul’s position to achieve highest pitch tone. – Alignment can be confirmed through the GUI interface.
• Once the units are aligned, you must “disarm” the units to achieve maximum throughput performance.
• Installation details are in the PTP400 and PTP600 User Guides.
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Point to Multipoint Installation
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AP Height
Canopy Access Point
Cluster
900 MHz, 2.4 GHz
or 5 GHz
SMs mounted
on homes
APs should be mounted high enough to ensure clear line-of-sight (1st Fresnel Zone clearance) to the edge of the
intended coverage area.
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AP – SM Range
• The factory default setting for maximum AP to SM distance is 2 miles (3.2 km).
• This “Max Range” value must be changed to match the SM locatedthe greatest distance from an AP.
• It is recommended that the Max Range be set to the lowest figure that will enable all SMs to register, since throughput can drop as the range increases, reducing the overall bandwidth of the AP cluster.
• All APs in a cluster must be set to the same Max Range value.
NOTE: SMs outside of the Maximum Range setting
may not register with an AP.
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AP Spacing
• Spacing AP clusters closer increases link margin, capacity, and coverage.
• Consistent/regular spacing is best from a coverage perspective.
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Importance of Grounding
• Consult professionals for lightning protection and proper grounding.
• Use 10 AWG wire or better.
• Use a surge suppressor.
• Consult Appendix E, the Canopy System User Guide and specific lightning guides for the OFDM Backhaul products, available in the Canopy website Document Library.
Key Point:Grounding
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Point to Multipoint Alignment
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AP Alignment
• Access Point alignment involves using a local or topographical map to determine which direction one or more APs in a cluster will be aimed to cover a specific 60 degree sector in a community.
• Depending on the height of the AP cluster above the local terrain, it may be required to calculate a degree of downtilt.
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AP Alignment
• A compass, GPS or similar device can be used to properly aim an Access Point.
• Once the Access Point has been positioned, lock the module down.
• Subscriber Modules are then aligned to their respective AP.
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SM Alignment
• Two methods can be used for aligning a Subscriber Module to an Access Point:
– Monitor the Jitter and power level (dBm) values on the SM.
– Use the Positioning Tone feature. This requires a special cable and headphones, or
audio amplifier with speaker.
• You can use a PDA that is capable of supporting a wired Ethernet connection to
monitor Jitter and power level during alignment.
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SM Alignment
Monitoring Jitter and Power
• Jitter and power level (dBm) are two parameters that can be used for alignment of a Subscriber Module.
– For 10 Mbps, Jitter should be 4 or below (with 1 or 2 being the best).
– For 20 Mbps, Jitter should be 7 – 9.
• Power level indicates Rx sensitivity and Jitter is a measure of signal quality.
• For standard 1x operations, the uplink and downlink efficiency must both be at 90% or greater.
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SM Alignment Method 1:
Monitor Power Level and Jitter
1. Point the SM in the direction of the AP. Remember that when using the internal patch
antenna the energy is radiated in a 60 degree horizontal by 60 degree vertical pattern.
2. The SM cycles through a series of steps to register to an AP: scanning, syncing, registering, and registered. Power level and
Jitter will not report on the web page until the unit is registered.
3. The SM Status page displays levels for Jitter and Power Level (dBm)………(cont’d)
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SM Alignment Method 1, cont’d
NOTE: If using a Subscriber Module with a Passive Reflector, the passive reflector will change the radiated pattern to 6 degrees horizontal by 6 degrees vertical pattern, or 17 degrees by 17 degrees for 2.4 GHz.
4. If the module will not register, several troubleshooting steps can be taken. These are covered later in this course.
5. After the module has registered, slowly adjust the positioning of the SM so that Jitter is minimized and power levels are at best settings possible. Lock down the module when finished.
6. After alignment, perform a link test to check the efficiency of the link.
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SM Alignment Method 2:
Positioning Tone
• Canopy Subscriber Modules (and Backhaul
Slaves) incorporate an audible positioning
tone to help installers find the best location
for a Canopy radio.
• The tone’s pitch changes to reflect the jitter
and power level.
• When aligning, move the SM around until
you achieve the highest pitch.
• Lock the unit down.
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SM Alignment Method 2, cont’d
• The positioning tone feature requires:– A cable adaptor
– Canopy software release 4.0 or later
• The cable adaptor allows the 6 pin RJ-11 GPS cable to interface to a headset or amplifier (adaptor doesn’t require active or passive devices)
• The tone output is available on pin 5 of the RJ-11 connector, with pin 6 being ground.
• The headset or amplifier load should be between pins 5 and 6.
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Wiring Diagram, Canopy Alignment
Tone Cable
(1)The last pair of a 4-pair data cable is not used when terminating the cable on an RJ12/14 plug
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
8
7
8
7Not used
Audio
Ground
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Technical Support
• Before calling Technical Support, use CNUT – Tools menu, and then Capture Customer Information. – The technical support representative is likely to
ask you for this information when you call.
• For US & Canada:– Technical Support: 1 (888) 605-2552
• email: [email protected]
• Other International:– Technical Support: 1+217-824-9742
• email: [email protected]
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Information Resource Links
• Canopy Knowledge Base:http://motorola.canopywireless.com/support/knowledge
• Canopy Community Forum:http://motorola.canopywireless.com/support/community
• Canopy Library:
http://motorola.canopywireless.com/support/library
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www.canopywireless.com
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Product Information
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Document Library
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Community Forum
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Knowledge Base
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Software Updates
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http://www.canopywireless.com:– Canopy Distributors and Resellers
– How to become a Reseller
– How to become a Canopy Affiliate
– and much more!
http://www.connectwithcanopy.com:– Connections magazine
– Podcasts with industry experts
– Latest trends in wireless broadband
More Online Resources
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Information Resources
• The following slides list Canopy contact information.
• Details on a variety of third-party products that can complement the Canopy family of products is available in Appendix M.
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