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Can Digital
Holocaust Geographies
Be More Fully Human?
Anne Kelly Knowles, Justus Hillebrand,
Levi Westerveld, Laura Strom, Mara Moettus,
Paul B. Jaskot, Ben Blackshear, and Erik Steiner
Harvard Center for Geographical Analysis
April 29, 2016
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Hybrid 1
Nazi Regime +
Madagascar Plan +
Jewish Reservations
Interruption 1
No colonies
Logistics
Removal
Phase 1: Removal
Detour 1
Concentration in
local ghettos
Graphics by Sierra Hillebrand
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Hybrid 1
Nazi Regime +
Madagascar Plan +
Jewish Reservations
Interruption 1
No colonies
Logistics
Removal
Detour 1Concentration in
local ghettos
Hybrid 2
Nazi Regime +
Local Population +
Local Institutions +
Local Geography +
Ghetto Boundary, etc.
Interruption 2
Overcrowding
Disease
Resistance
Concentration
Detour 2
Closing ghettos
Phase 2: Concentration
Graphics by Sierra Hillebrand
Phase 1
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Hybrid 1
Nazi Regime +
Madagascar Plan +
Jewish Reservations
Interruption 1
No colonies
Logistics
Removal
Detour 1Concentration in
local ghettosHybrid 3
Nazi Regime +
Ghetto Wall/Fence +
Fewer entrances +
Increased Surveillance +
Local Institutions, etc.
Interruption 3
Continued Nazi Intervention
Less Productive Forced Labor
Armed Resistance
Containment
Detour 4
Removal of
Unproductive
Ghetto
Populations
Detour 3
Eliminate
Resistance
Hybrid 2
Nazi Regime +
Local Populations+
Local Institutions +
Local Geography +
Ghetto Boundary, etc.
Interruption 2
Overcrowding
Disease
Resistance
Concentration
Detour 2Closing Ghettos
Phase 3: Containment
Graphics by Sierra Hillebrand
Phases 1 & 2
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Hybrid 1
Nazi Regime +
Madagascar Plan +
Jewish Reservations
Interruption 1
No colonies
Logistics
Removal
Detour 1Concentration in
local ghettos
Hybrid 4
Nazi Regime +
Troops +
War Machinery, etc.
ExtirpationHybrid 2
Nazi Regime +
Local Populations+
Local Institutions +
Local Geography +
Ghetto Boundary, etc.
Interruption 2
Overcrowding
Disease
Resistance
Concentration
Detour 2Closing Ghettos
Phase 4: Extirpation & Mass Murder
Hybrid 3
Nazi Regime +
Ghetto Wall/Fence
Fewer Entrances +
Increased Surveillance +
Local Institutions, etc.
Interruption 3
Continued Nazi Intervention
Less Productive Forced Labor
Armed Resistance
Containment
Detour 3Eliminate
ResistanceDetour 4
Removal of Unproductiv
e Ghetto
Population
Hybrid 5
Nazi Regime +
Idea of Mass Murder +
Wannsee Conference +
Construction of Death Camps +
Organized Train Traffic, etc.
Mass Murder
Graphics by Sierra Hillebrand
Phases 1-3
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Hybrid 1
Nazi Regime +
Madagascar Plan +
Jewish Reservations
Interruption 1
No colonies
Logistics
Removal
Detour 1Concentration in
local ghettos
Hybrid 2
Nazi Regime +
Local Populations+
Local Institutions +
Local Geography +
Ghetto Boundary, etc.
Concentration
Detour 2Closing Ghettos
Hybrid 3
Nazi Regime +
Ghetto Wall/Fence
Fewer Entrances +
Increased Surveillance +
Local Institutions, etc.
Interruption 3
Continued Nazi Intervention
Less Productive Forced Labor
Armed Resistance
ContainmentDetour 3Eliminate
Resistance
Detour 4Removal of Unproductive
Ghetto Population
Hybrid 4
Nazi Regime +
Troops +
War Machinery etc.
Hybrid 5
Nazi Regime +
Idea of Mass Murder +
Wannsee Conference +
Construction of Death Camps +
Organized Train Traffic etc.
Interruption 2
Overcrowding
Disease
Resistance
Extirpation
Mass Murder
Graphics by Sierra Hillebrand
Final Model
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