Download - Calcium Magnesium Acetate and Sodium Chloride, Two Deicers , and their Effects on Water Quality
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Calcium Magnesium Acetate and Sodium Chloride, Two
Deicers , and their Effects on Water Quality
Eileen Field
Snow Hydrology, GEOG 5321
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Deicing Technology
Deicing of roadways has been used as a means to create a safe environment for travel
Accident levels decrease after deicing
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Sodium Chloride
Used as a deicer since the 1930’s
Has been known to be detrimental to water supplies
Stored in dome such as this to help prevent leakage
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Calcium Magnesium Acetate
Currently sold by the Cryotech Deicing Technology Corporation
Sold in a pelletized version that is hydrated to form a CMA solution
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Eutectic Points for Deicers
CMA and Sodium Chloride have different eutectic points
Eutectic point is the lowest possible melting temperature for a given mixture of materials
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Corrosion
A problem with deicing technology is its ability to cause a corrosive reaction on metals to which it comes in contact
CMA is less corrosive than Sodium Chloride
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Deicing Studies
The Effect of Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) Deicing Material on the Water Quality of Bear Creek, Clackamas County, Oregon, 1999 By Tanner and Wood, Water Resources Investigation No. 00-4092
Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation of Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) By Horner, National Research Council Report 305, Washington, D.C.
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Deicing Studies (cont)
Effects of Calcium Magnesium Acetate, A Road Deicer, on the Lentic Environment In Interior Alaska; Rea and LaPerriere, 1985, Alaska Department of Transportation
A Method of Predicting Road Salt Runoff in New Hampshire; Spear and Schiffman, 1975, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
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Tanner and Wood Study
Assessed the effects of the addition of CMA into several ponds
The biochemical oxygen demand, measure of the quantity of oxygen consumed by microorganisms during the decomposition or organic matter, for this study is listed
BOD value By Day
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
DaysB
OD
Val
ue
BOD value
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Horner Study
The effects of the addition of CMA to eight ponds was assessed
Percent of CMA exerted after five and twenty days is listed
Temperature By Percent Exerted
0
20
40
60
80
100
20 10 2
Temperature (Celsius)P
erce
nt
Exe
rted
Percent ExertedAfter 5 Days
Percent ExertedAfter 20 Days
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Rea and LaPerriere Study
Calcium ion concentration was found for several ponds that were tested
Results are listed
Dissolved Calcium (Mg/L) By Date
2.32.42.52.62.72.82.9
1/14
/04
1/28
/04
2/11
/04
2/25
/04
3/10
/04
3/24
/04
DateD
isso
lved
Cal
ciu
m
(Mg
/L)
Dissolved Calcium(Mg/L)
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Spear and Schiffman Study
Due to ionic pulse action within the snowpack, Sodium concentrations exceed levels suggested by the American Heart Association
Precipitation Amounts
Average Precipitation By Month
020406080
100120
Janu
ary
Mar
ch May
July
Septe
mbe
r
Novem
ber
Month
Av
era
ge
Pre
cip
ita
tio
n (
mm
)
Average Precipitation(mm)
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Conclusion
Sodium Chloride does have negative environment impacts based on its ability to contaminate groundwater
Calcium Magnesium Acetate is a viable deicing alternative but it does cost as much as twenty times more than Sodium Chloride