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CAESAR AUGUSTUS AND IMPERIAL ROME
Week Five
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ance/ence = state or quality of
What suffix finishes these words?
eleg____ radi____ persever_____
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ped = foot
pedestrian pedicure pedal
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CAESAR AUGUSTUS AND IMPERIAL ROME
Week Five
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I. The Altar of Augustan Peace In 27 BCE, the Senate decreed that Augustus be honored
by the construction of an altar to Pax, the new goddess of peace.
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Pax Romana or Pacification Romana?
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II. The Price of Empire, 146-121A. Winners
Optimates: members of the traditional Roman oligarchy
Equites: the nouveau riche
Tax collectors
B. Losers Slaves Provincials
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Spartacus (1960)
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“I am Spartacus”
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“I am Spartacus,” Part II
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II. The Price of Empire
C. Populares Political leaders who appealed
to the masses
1. Tiberius Gracchus Redistributed land Undermined the Senate Assassinated by
senators2. Gaius Gracchus
Younger brother who reintroduced reforms
Extended citizenship Also assassinated
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III. The End of the Republic
A. Personal armies Shifting allegiances
B. Civil Wars Populares (led by
Marius) revolt against optimates (led by Sulla)
Optimates under Sulla win
Dictatorship gives way to republican rule after Sulla wearies of butchery, but tensions remain
Sulla entering Rome
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III. The End of the Republic
C. The First Triumvirate Political infighting
leads to an alliance between Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar
Alliance doesn’t hold—Caesar crosses the Rubicon, which initiates a bloody civil war
Crossing the Rubicon
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mater = mother
mother alma mater matrimony
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manu = hand
manual labor
manuscript
manufacture
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Exam next Monday
Bring a blue book 25% of final grade Format
5 identifications (who, what, where, when, and significance)
One essay Sample themes
Conceptions of freedom in the ancient world
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Battle of Marathon
The Battle of Marathon took place in the fifth century BCE in ancient Greece. A vast Persian army threatened Sparta, Athens, Corinth, and other Greek poleis. The Greeks, underarmed and outnumbered, defeated the Persians at Marathon. This battle was significant because it convinced Athenians of the invincibility of their fighting strategy (the hoplite phalanx), the superiority of their culture, and the efficiency of democratic government as instituted by Cleisthenes.
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The Career of Julius Caesar
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III. The End of the Republic
D. The Second Triumvirate Julius Caesar introduces
democratic reform, but then declares himself perpetual dictator
Assassination on the Ides of March
Second alliance between Mark Antony, Ledipus, and Octavian
Octavian emerges
Octavian
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Julius Caesar (1953)
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IV. The Augustan Age and Pax Romana
A. Caesar Augustus An unexpected
leader Rise to power:
instinct for power and publicity; determination; and had the right name
Absolute rule: Granted by the Senate in 27 BCE; any remnant of republican rule was a sham
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IV. The Augustan Age and Pax Romana
B. The Empire Renewed1. Senate
Subordinated to Caesar’s interests
“Men fit for slaves!”
2. Equites Expanded ranks of wealth
businessmen More room for upward
mobility
3. Citizens Treated veterans well Placated the poor with
food and entertainment
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Ben-Hur chariot race
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IV. The Augustan Age and Pax Romana
4. Divine Augustus Restoration of religion and
traditional values Emperor worship
5. Poetry and patronage Horace and Virgil The Aeneid (19 BCE)
6. Geographical expansion From Europe to Africa to
Judea
Aeneas’ journey
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hydro/aqua = water
hydroplane hydroelectric aquarium
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cur = run
curriculum
cursive
current
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Dido and Aeneas (early 1700s)
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B. After Augustus
Death “Have I played the part
well? Then applaud as I exit.”
“Behold, I found Rome of clay, and leave her to you as marble.”
Succession Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero
Expansion of boundaries
Tile mosaic of Christian persecution under Nero
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The Roman Empire to 117 C.E.
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Epilogue
Augustan peace vs. the peace of Christ