Download - C O L O R IMAGE PROCESSING
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COLOR IMAGE PROCESSING
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COLOR IMAGE PROCESSING
Pseudo-color processing - an assignment of colorto an intensity (grey scale) image
Full color processing - the enhancement or modification of image acquired with a full color sensor
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Color Fundamentals
Chromatic light - light which exhibits visible color, 400-700 nm
Color is perceived when light of a certain wavelength is reflected from the surface of an object and detected by the color sensitive cones in the human eye.
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Color Fundamentals
Radiance - amount of energy emitted from a light source (watts)
Luminance - amount of energy perceived by an observer (lumens)
Brightness - subjective notion of achromatic intensity
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Color Fundamentals
Subtractive color - reflected light
Additive color - emitted light
Subtractive color -
Additive color -
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Additive Color Mixing
red
bluegreen
additive primary colors
white
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white
cyan
yellow magenta
red
bluegreen
secondary
secondarysecondary
Additive Color Mixing
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Color Perception
Color perception is enabled by cones in the retina.
Cones contain photosenstive chemicals, calledphotopigments.
There are three types of cones, which are sensitive to wavelengths of light corresponding to the colorsred, green and blue.
Color is perceived when light of a certain wavelengthis reflected from the surface of an object and detected by the color sensitive cones.
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Color Display Systems
The interior of the screen is composed of an array of electron-sensitive phosphor dots arranged in linear or triangular groups (triads).
One dot emits red light when excited by an electron gun. Another emits green light and a third emits blue light excited in the same manner.
The nature and arrangement of these triads determines an upper level on the spatial resolution of a displayed image.
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Color Models:
CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
RGB Cube
CYM (CYMK)
YIQ
HSV
HSI
CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
RGB Cube
CYM (CYMK)
YIQ
HSV
HSI
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CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
X (red)
Y(green)
Z(blue) = (1-(X+Y))
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Color Models:
CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
RGB Cube
CYM (CYMK)
YIQ
HSV
HSI
CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
RGB Cube
CYM (CYMK)
YIQ
HSV
HSI
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RGB color model
(0,0,0)
(1,1,1)
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RGB color model
RED(1,0,0)
BLUE(0,0,1)
GREEN(0,1,0)
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RGB color model
MAGENTA (1,0,1)
CYAN(0,1,1)
YELLOW (1,1,0)
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RGB color model
shades of grey
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FULL COLOR IMAGE
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FULL COLOR IMAGE
RED GREEN BLUE
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Color Models:
CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
RGB Cube
CYM (CYMK)
YIQ
HSV
HSI
CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
RGB Cube
CYM (CYMK)
YIQ
HSV
HSI
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CMY Color Model
CMY
111
RGB
= -
Used primarily for color hardcopy generation.
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Color Models:
CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
RGB Cube
CYM (CYMK)
YIQ
HSV
HSI
CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
RGB Cube
CYM (CYMK)
YIQ
HSV
HSI
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YIQ Color Model
Y IQ
0.299 0.587 0.1140.596 -0.275 -0.3210.212 -0.523 0.311
RGB
=
Used in commercial color TV broadcasting
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YIQ Color Model
Y IQ
0.299 0.587 0.1140.596 -0.275 -0.3210.212 -0.523 0.311
RGB
=
Y - luminance - conveys tonal values) I - inphaseQ - quadrature convey chrominance information
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YIQ Color Model
Y IQ
0.299 0.587 0.1140.596 -0.275 -0.3210.212 -0.523 0.311
RGB
=
Inphase and quadrature modulate the chrominance subcarrier. Its amplitude indicates the color’s saturation; its phase indicates hue.
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YIQ Color Model
Y IQ
0.299 0.587 0.1140.596 -0.275 -0.3210.212 -0.523 0.311
RGB
=
YIQ representation enables intensity transformations to be performed on only the intensity portion of a color image.
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FULL COLOR IMAGE
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FULL COLOR IMAGE
RED GREEN BLUE
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FULL COLOR IMAGE
RED GREEN BLUE
(each channel, histogram equalized)
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FULL COLOR IMAGEINCORRECT HIST EQUALIZATION
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FULL COLOR IMAGE
INTENSITY IMAGE
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FULL COLOR IMAGE
INTENSITY HIST EQUALIZATION
INTENSITY IMAGE
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FULL COLOR IMAGE
INTENSITY HIST EQUALIZATION
INTENSITY IMAGE
CORRECT HIST EQUALIZATION
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YIQ Color Model
Y IQ
0.299 0.587 0.1140.596 -0.275 -0.3210.212 -0.523 0.311
RGB
=
1.0 0.956 0.6201.0 -0.272 -0.6471.0 -1.108 1.705
RGB
=
Y IQ
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YIQ Color Model
Y IQ
0.299 0.587 0.1140.596 -0.275 -0.3210.212 -0.523 0.311
25500
=
Given a RED pixel: R = 255, G = 0, B = 0
Y = .299(255) + .587(0) + .114(0) = 76.25 ~ 76 I = .596(255) - .275(0) - .321(0) = 151.98 ~ 152Q = .212(255) - .523(0) + .311(0) = 54.06 ~ 54
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YIQ Color Model
Given a YIQ value: Y = 76, I = 152, Q = 54
R = .1.0(76) + .956(152) + .620(54) = 254.79 ~ 255G = 1.0(76) - .272(152) -.647(54) = -0.282 ~ 0B = 1.0(76) -1.108(152) + 1.705(54) = -0.346 ~ 0
1.0 0.956 0.6201.0 -0.272 -0.6471.0 -1.108 1.705
RGB
=
Y IQ
R = 255, G = 0, B = 0; a RED pixel !
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Color Models:
CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
RGB Cube
CYM (CYMK)
YIQ
HSV
HSI
CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
RGB Cube
CYM (CYMK)
YIQ
HSV
HSI
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HSV Color Model
(tint, shade and tone for artists)
Hue - color attribute that describes pure color
Saturation - degree to which pure color is diluted by white light
Value - intensity, lightness, brightness
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HSV Color Model
Hue, Saturation and Value (tint, shade and tone for artists)
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HSV Color Model
Hue - an angle around the vertical axis
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HSV Color Model
Saturation - (color purity) 0 at the center, to 1 on the sides
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HSV Color Model
Value - ranges from 0 to 1; indicates lightness/darkness
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Color Models:
CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
RGB Cube
CYM (CYMK)
YIQ
HSV
HSI
CIE (Chromaticity Diagram)
RGB Cube
CYM (CYMK)
YIQ
HSV
HSI
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HSI Color Model
( HUE, SATURATION, INTENSITY )
Hue - angle around vertical axis
Saturation - distance from vertical axis
Intensity - perpendicular distance from the point corresponding to black
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COLOR IMAGE PROCESSING
Full color processing - the enhancement or modification of image acquired with a full color sensor
Pseudo-color processing - an assignment of colorto an intensity (grey scale) image
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Color Palette (LUT)
1
2
0
3
255
4
5
..
.
1
2
0
3
255
4
5
..
.
1
2
0
3
255
4
5
..
.
1
2
0
3
255
4
5
..
.
R G BIndex: Color:
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5
Image Display
Pixel value (0-255) Color Palette (LUT)
8 bit gray scale
1
2
0
3
255
4
5
...
255 0 0
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ORIGINAL INTENSITY IMAGE
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IMAGE WITH PSEUDOCOLOR LUT