![Page 1: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
By Mr. MulliganNORTH AFRICA
![Page 2: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Big Idea
North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources.
Main Ideas
• Major physical features of North Africa include the Nile River, the Sahara, and the Atlas Mountains.
• The climate of North Africa is hot and dry, and water is the region ’s most important resource.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
![Page 5: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Nile River is the longest river in the world. Flows more than 4,000 miles northward through the desert Formed by the union of two rivers, the Blue Nile and the
White Nile Empties into the Mediterranean Sea
The land along the Nile is very fertile. Floods on the river deposit silt, or finely ground fertile
soil, all along the river. Before it reaches the sea, the Nile fans out into a huge
fertile delta. The Aswan High Dam controls fl ooding on the Nile.
Because of the lack of silt, farmers need to use fertilizer to grow crops.
MAJOR PHYSICAL FEATURES
![Page 7: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• The Sinai Peninsula is east of the Nile. It is mostly rocky and barren.
• The Suez Canal separates the Sinai peninsula from the rest of Egypt. Ships carry oil and goods from the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea through the canal.
SINAI AND SUEZ CANAL
![Page 8: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SINAI PENINSULA
![Page 9: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Several mountain ranges can be found in the Sahara.
• The highest mountains are the Atlas Mountains in the northwest, near the Mediterranean Sea. They rise to 13,600 feet (4,160 m) above sea level.
MOUNTAINS
![Page 10: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
THE SAHARA
![Page 11: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Largest desert in the world, covering most of North Africa
Very dry, few people live theresettlements are located near an oasis,
(a wet and fertile area in a desert where a spring or well provides water.
Common features include broad gravel plains, tall sand dunes, and dry streambeds
THE SAHARA
![Page 12: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Three main climates:Desert: very dry and hot temperaturesMediterranean: coastal; mild winters and warm summers
Steppe: found between the coast and the desert
CLIMATE
![Page 13: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Rain is rare making water a valuable resource.
Oil and gas=Libya, Algeria, and Egypt.
Morocco= iron ore.Coal, oil, and natural gas= Sahara.
RESOURCES OF NORTH AFRICA
![Page 14: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Rich in Islamic culture
• North Africa’s history includes ancient Egyptian civilization.
• Islam influences the cultures of North Africa and most people speak Arabic.
HISTORY AND CULTURE OF NORTH AFRICA
![Page 15: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Egyptians, Berbers, Bedouins, and people of mixed ancestry live in North Africa.
• The majority of people in the region speak Arabic.
ISLAMIC INFLUENCES
![Page 16: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• By 1912 European countries such as Britain, Spain, France, and Italy had taken over North Africa
• They created colonies.• North Africa regained independence beginning in the
1920s. • Last country to become free was Algeria in 1962.
EUROPEAN INFLUENCE
![Page 17: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
75 millionPeople are poor famersRepublicCapital is CairoLimited resourcesPetroleum and tourism $$99% of population live in Nile Valley and
DeltaMore then ½ live in rural areas and
villages
EGYPT
![Page 18: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
EGYPT
![Page 19: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Much is desertCapitol is TripoliAquifers beneath sand w/ pipelines to carry
waterOil pays for new infrastructure , hospitals,
and schoolsLed by powerful dictator Qaddafi until his
death in 2011Now is a parliamentary republic
Trade sanctions were placed on Libya for want of nuclear weapons (punish country by using trade barriers)
LIBYA
![Page 20: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
LIBYA
![Page 21: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco make up Maghreb Countries“The land farthest west”
Economy based on oilWesternmost part of Arab speaking
Muslim world
MAGHREB COUNTRIES
![Page 22: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
MAGHREB COUNTRIES
![Page 23: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
North Africa’s smallest countryTunis is capitalIndependent in 1956 (France)Presidents have tried to provide
education and health care, giving Tunisia one of lowest poverty rates in Africa.
Women have more rights than other Arab nations
TUNISIA
![Page 24: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
TUNISIA
![Page 25: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
North Africa’s largest countryAlgiers is the capitalEconomy depends on oil and natural
gas pumped from SaharaShortage of work1830-1962 ruled by French, won
independence after civil war (1954-1962)
Republic w/ president and legislature
ALGERIA
![Page 26: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ALGERIA
![Page 27: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Leading producer of phosphatesBecame independent in 1956Constitutional Monarchy
King holds great influenceControls Western Sahara, seized the
land in 1975 the Western Saharans want freedom, but can’t get it.
MOROCCO
![Page 28: By Mr. Mulligan NORTH AFRICA. The Big Idea North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources. Main Ideas Major physical features of](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022012905/5697bfbe1a28abf838ca2d50/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
MOROCCO