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© 2004 - iPMAC Informatics Technology J.S.C
SDN
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IPMACNetworking Acae
Cisco Icons an Sym!olsCisco Icons an S
ym!ols
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IPMACNetworking Acae
"hat is IS#N$"hat is IS#N$
Integrate Ser%ices #igital Network &ro%ies switche'iale( igital "AN ser%ices in increments of )4 k!&s.
*oice+ ata+ %ieo+ an s&ecial ser%ices.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
IS#N A%antagesIS#N A%anta
ges
Carries a %ariety of ,ser trac signals+ incl,ing ata+%oice+ an %ieo.
/ers m,ch faster call set,& than moem connections.
IS#N ,ses bearer channels+ also calle B channels+ asclear ata &aths.
ach 1 channel &ro%ies )4 k!&s of !anwith+ more!anwith than a traitional ) k!&s ial,& connection.
An IS#N connection with two 1 channels wo,l &ro%ie atotal ,sa!le !anwith of 32 k!&s.
ach IS#N 1 channel can make a se&arate serialconnection to any other site in the IS#N network.
IS#N lines can !e ,se in con5,nction with 666enca&s,lation.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
IS#N ChannelsIS#N Channels
1 channels are ,se to trans&ort ata an o&erate at
s&ees of ,& to )4 k!&s. The # channel carries signaling messages+ s,ch as
call set,& an tearown+ to control calls on 1channels.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
IS#N InterfacesIS#N Interfaces
IS#N is wiely a%aila!le in two 7a%ors8 19I8 1asic 9ate Interface
2 )4 :!&s 1earer Channels+3) :!&s #elta Channel 'for controlinformation(+ 4 :!&s for framing an synchroni;ation
21 < 3# '21
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IPMACNetworking Acae
IS#N 6rotocolsIS#N 6rotocols
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IPMACNetworking Acae
# Channel an A6# 6rotocol# Channel an A6# 6rotocol
A6# is ,se as a ata-link &rotocol across anIS#N # channel.
A ro,ter with an IS#N interface nees to sen anrecei%e signaling messages to an from the local
IS#N switch to which it is connecte. A6# &ro%ies the ata-link &rotocol that allows
eli%ery of messages across that # channel to thelocal switch.
The call set,& an tearown messages areeBne !y the .>?3 &rotocol.
1eca,se the signals are sent o,tsie the channel,se for ata+ this is calle out-of-band signaling.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
Call Set,&Call Set,&
3. The # channel is ,se to sen the calle n,m!er to
the local IS#N switch.2. The local switch ,ses the SSD signaling &rotocol to
set ,& a &ath an &ass the calle n,m!er to the
remote IS#N switch.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
Call Set,& 'cont(Call Set,& 'cont(
?. The remote IS#N switch signals the estination o%er
the # channel. The estination IS#N NT-3 e%ice sensthe remote IS#N switch a call-connect message.
4. The remote IS#N switch ,ses SSD to sen a call-connect message to the local switch.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
Call Set,& 'cont(Call Set,& 'cont(
As soon as the call is esta!lishe+ a )4-k!&s circ,it
eEists !etween a 1 channel on each of the tworo,ters.
The # channel remains ,& all the time so that new
signaling messages can !e sent an recei%e.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
IS#N 19I F,nction Gro,& an 9eferenceIS#N 19I F,nction Gro,& an 9eference
6oint6oint
F,nction gro,& H a set of f,nctions in&lement !y ae%ice an software.
9eference &oint H the interface !etween two f,nctiongro,&s+ incl,ing ca!ling etails.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
Cisco IS#N 19I InterfacesCisco IS#N 19I Interfaces
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IPMACNetworking Acae
69I ncoing69I ncoing
For any &hysical layer s&eciBcation+ the lineencoing eBnes which energy le%els sent o%er theca!le mean a 3 an which energy le%els mean a 0.
T3 circ,its ,se two i/erent encoing schemes H
Alternate @ark In%ersion 'A@I( an 1inary withero S,!stit,tion '1S(.
For 69I circ,its that ,se 3s+ the only choice forline coing is igh-#ensity 1i&olar ? '#1?(.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
69I Framing69I Framing
ow oes a 69I interface know which !its are &art of the
# channel+ or the Brst 1 channel+ or the secon K Framing+ at IS#NLs &hysical layer+ eBnes how a e%ice
can ecie which !its are &art of each channel.
T3 framing eBnes 24 i/erent )4-k!&s #S0 channels+&l,s an -k!&s management channel ,se !y the telco+which gi%es yo, a total s&ee of 3.44 @!&s.
"ith 3s+ framing eBnes ?2 )4-k!&s channels+ for a totalof 2.04 @!&s+ regarless of the ty&e of framing ,se.
T3s ,se either Etene S,&er Frame 'SF( or the oler
o&tion H S,&er Frame 'SF(. 3s ,ses C9C-4 framing or the original line framing
eBne for 3s.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
IS#N 19I ConBg,rationIS#N 19I ConBg,ration
The comman s&eciBes the ty&e of IS#N switchwith which the ro,ter comm,nicates.
ther conBg,ration reM,irements %ary for s&eciBc
&ro%iers.
Router(config)#isdn switch-type switch-type
Step 1: Specify the ISDN switch type.
Router(config-if)#isdn switch-type switch-type
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IPMACNetworking Acae
IS#N 19I ConBg,ration 'cont(IS#N 19I ConBg,ration 'cont(
Sets a 1 channel S6I# reM,ire !y many ser%ice&ro%iers
Step 2: (Optional) Setting SPIDs
Router(config-if)#isdn spid1 spid-number
Router(config-if)#isdn spid2 spid-number
Sets a S6I# for the secon 1 channel
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IPMACNetworking Acae
ConBg,ring IS#N 69IConBg,ring IS#N 69I
Router(config)#isdn switch-type switch-type
Router(config)#controller controller slot/port
Router(config-controller)#pri-group timeslots range
Step 1: Specify the ISDN switch type.
Step 2: Select the controller.
Step 3: Estalish the interface port
to f!nction as P"I .
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IPMACNetworking Acae
IS#N 69I Eam&lesIS#N 69I Eam&les
Router(config)#controller T1 3/0Router(config-controller)#framing esf
Router(config-controller)#linecode !"s
Router(config-controller)#pri-group timeslots 1-2
Router(config-controller)#interface $erial3/0%23
Router(config-if)#isdn switch-type primary-&ess
Router(config-if)#no cdp enale
#1 Sa$ple %onfig!ration
Router(config)#controller '1 3/0
Router(config-controller)# framing crc
Router(config-controller)# linecode hd3
Router(config-controller)# pri-group timeslots 1-31
Router(config-controller)#interface $erial3/0%1&
Router(config-if)# isdn switch-type primary-net&
Router(config-if)# no cdp enale
E1 Sa$ple %onfig!ration
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20/40 © 2004 - iPMAC Informatics Technology J.S.C
Dial-on-Demand Routing
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IPMACNetworking Acae
"hat is #ial-on-#eman 9o,ting$"hat is #ial-on-#eman 9o,ting$
Connects when neee
#isconnects when Bnishe
IS#N or 6STN
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IPMACNetworking Acae
"hen to ,se ##9$"hen to ,se ##9$
6erioic connections Small amo,nts of ata
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IPMACNetworking Acae
egacy ##9 &erationegacy ##9 &eration
3. 9o,te &ackets o,t the interface to !e iale.
2. #etermine the s,!set of the &ackets thattrigger the ialing &rocess.
?. #ial 'signal(.4. #etermine when the connection is terminate.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
ConBg,ring ##9 H Ste& 3ConBg,ring ##9 H Ste& 3
##9 oes not ial ,ntil sometrac is irecte 'ro,te(o,t the ial interface.
Routing packets out the interface to be dialed.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
Cisco call &ackets that are worthy of ca,sing the e%iceto ial interesting packets.
Interesting is eBne as all &ackets of one or more ayer? &rotocol
The &ackets are eBne as interesting if they are&ermitte !y an access-list. sing AC gi%e Bner control.
ConBg,ring ##9 H Ste& 2ConBg,ring ##9 H Ste& 2
Determining the Subset of the Packets
that Trigger the Dialing Process
dialer-list 2 protocol ip list 101
access-list 101 deny tcp any any e ftp
access-list 101 permit tcp any any e telnet
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
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IPMACNetworking Acae
ConBg,ring ##9 H Ste& 2 'cont(ConBg,ring ##9 H Ste& 2 'cont(
Determining the Subset of the Packetsthat Trigger the Dialing Process
&oth 'al!es
!st atch
isdn switch-type asic-&ess
username central password cisco
interface *R+0
ip address 10,1,0,1 2&&,2&&,2&&,0
dialer idle-timeout 1!0
dialer map ip 10,1,0,2 name entral &&&2000
dialer-group 1
no fair-ueue
ip route 10,10,0,0 2&&,2&&,0,0 10,1,0,2
ip route 10,20,0,0 2&&,2&&,0,0 10,1,0,2
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
The ialer*gro!p interface
subcommand enables the
logic that determines what
is interesting
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IPMACNetworking Acae
ConBg,ring ##9 H Ste& ?ConBg,ring ##9 H Ste& ?
1efor the ro,ter can ial+ it nees to know the &hone
n,m!er of the other.
"ith only one site to ial+ yo, can sim&ly conBg,re asingle ial string.
The comman is dialer string string+ where string isthe &hone n,m!er.
Dialing (Signaling)
dialer-list 2 protocol ip permit
interface ri 0
ip address 1.2,1,2,2 2&&,2&&,2&&,0
encapsulation ppp
dialer string 10&&&123
dialer-group 2
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IPMACNetworking Acae
ConBg,ring ##9 H Ste& ? 'cont(ConBg,ring ##9 H Ste& ? 'cont(
Dialing (Signaling)
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IPMACNetworking Acae
ConBg,ring ##9 H Ste& 4ConBg,ring ##9 H Ste& 4
Any ty&e of &acket can !e ro,te across the link+ onlyinteresting &ackets are consiere worthy of kee&ing thelink ,& an s&ening more money.
"ith the dialer idle-timeout seconds comman+ the iletime is set.
owe%er+ if the ro,ter wants to ial other sites !ase onrecei%ing interesting trac for those sites+ an all the 1channels are in ,se+ another shorter ile timer can !e ,se.
The dialer fast-idle seconds comman lets yo, conBg,rea ty&ically lower n,m!er than the ile timer so that whenother sites nee to !e iale+ the link that is c,rrently ,&can !e !ro,ght own more M,ickly.
Determining When the Connection is Terminated
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IPMACNetworking Acae
egacy ##9 ConBg,ration S,mmari;eegacy ##9 ConBg,ration S,mmari;e
1
3
2
+
hostname ome
isdn switch-type asic-&essusername central password cisco
interface *R+0
ip address 10,1,0,1 2&&,2&&,2&&,0
encapsulation ppp
dialer idle-timeout 1!0
dialer map ip 10,1,0,2 roadcast name entral &&&2000 dialer-group 1
no fair-ueue
ppp authentication chap
router rip
networ 10,0,0,0
no ip classless
ip route 10,10,0,0 2&&,2&&,0,0 10,1,0,2
ip route 10,20,0,0 2&&,2&&,0,0 10,1,0,2
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
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IPMACNetworking Acae
#ialer 6roBles %er%iew#ialer 6roBles %er%iew
egacy ##9 cannot s,&&ort m,lti&leremote sites in i/erent conBg,rations.
ach remote site has a se&arate &roBlewith #ialer 6roBles.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
#ialer 6roBle lements#ialer 6roBle lements
This style of conBg,ration mo%e
most of the ##9 interfaceconBg,ration to a %irt,al interfacecalle ialer interface.
ach &hysical 19I can !e incl,ein a &ool of a%aila!le &hysical
IS#N interface. ##9 ro,tes &ackets o,t the ialer
interface.
If a &acket is interesting+
##9 &ick an interface fromthe &ool o%er which to &lace
the act,al call.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
6ooling @,lti&le 19Is6ooling @,lti&le 19Is
Oo, can &,t the same &hysical interface into m,lti&le&ools+ ena!ling !etter ,sage of the interfaces an
connecte lines. Oo, can ,se I6 aresses in i/erent I6 s,!nets on
i/erent ialer interfaces+ gi%ing yo, m,ch greater controlo%er yo,r network esign an I6 aressing choices.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
#ialer 6roBles ConBg,ration#ialer 6roBles ConBg,ration
SPDs and switch t!pes are alwa!s specific to a
particular ph!sical
interface.
"ou can mo#e all the current
$R interface subcommands
to the dialer interface% with the
e&ception of the definitions of
SPDs and SD' switch t!pes.
The router uses ana#ailable $ channel on an!
of the $Rs in the pool.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
#ialer 6roBles eEam&le#ialer 6roBles eEam&le
interface dialer1
ip address 10,1,1,1 2&&,2&&,2&&,0
encapsulation ppp
dialer remote-name $malluser
dialer string &&&&0
dialer idle-timer 1!0
dialer pool 1dialer-group 1
ppp authentication chap
interface dialer2
ip address 10,2,2,1 2&&,2&&,2&&,0
encapsulation ppp
dialer remote-name ediumuser
dialer string &&&123
dialer idle-timer 1!0
dialer pool 1
dialer-group 2
interface dialer1
ip address 10,1,1,1 2&&,2&&,2&&,0
encapsulation ppp
dialer remote-name $malluser
dialer string &&&&0
dialer idle-timer 1!0
dialer pool 1dialer-group 1
ppp authentication chap
interface dialer2
ip address 10,2,2,1 2&&,2&&,2&&,0
encapsulation ppp
dialer remote-name ediumuserdialer string &&&123
dialer idle-timer 1!0
dialer pool 1
dialer-group 2
interface ri0
encapsulation ppp
ppp authentication chap
isdn spid1 &&&&&&111101
isdn spid2 &&&&&&222202
dialer pool-memer 1
interface ri1
encapsulation ppp
ppp authentication chap
isdn spid1 &&&&&&333301isdn spid2 &&&&&&02
dialer pool-memer 1
interface ri0
encapsulation ppp
ppp authentication chap
isdn spid1 &&&&&&111101
isdn spid2 &&&&&&222202
dialer pool-memer 1
interface ri1
encapsulation ppp
ppp authentication chap
isdn spid1 &&&&&&333301isdn spid2 &&&&&&02
dialer pool-memer 1
Dialer nterface
Ph!sical nterface
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IPMACNetworking Acae
*erifying the IS#N ConBg,ration*erif ying the IS#N ConBg,ration
Router#show isdn actie
Router#show isdn status
Displays c!rrent call infor$ation
Displays the stat!s of an ISDN connection
Router#show interfaces ri0
Displays statistics for the &"I interface config!re
on the ro!ter
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IPMACNetworking Acae
Tro,!leshooting the IS#N ConBg,ration Tro,!leshooting the IS#N ConBg,ration
Router#deug ppp authentication
Displays the PPP a!thentication protocol $essages
Displays infor$ation on PPP lin, estalish$ent
Router#deug isdn 421
Shows ISDN -ayer 2 $essages
Shows ISDN call set!p an tearown actiity (-ayer 3)
Router#deug isdn 431
Router#deug ppp negotiation
Displays protocol errors associate with PPP
Router#deug ppp error
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IPMACNetworking Acae
S,mmaryS,mmary
IS#N eBnes a igital architect,re that &ro%iesintegrate %oice an ata ca&a!ility ,sing the &,!licswitche network.
IS#N s&eciBes two stanar access methos+ 19Ian 69I.
To esta!lish an IS#N call+ the # channel is ,se!etween the ro,ters an switches+ an SSD signaling is,se !etween the switches.
IS#N f,nctions are harware e%ices while reference&oints are interfaces !etween e%ices.
Cisco e%ices can !e &hysically conBg,re withi/erent IS#N o&tions+ which ictate what aitionaleM,i&ment+ if any+ is neee to r,n IS#N.
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IPMACNetworking Acae
S,mmary 'Cont.(S,mmary 'Cont.(
Oo, m,st conBg,re yo,r ro,ter to ientify the ty&eof switch it will !e comm,nicating with+ whiche&ens in &art on the co,ntry theswitch is in.
To ena!le IS#N 19I+ yo, ,se isn switch-ty&e anisn s&i commans.
To ena!le IS#N 69I+ ,se the &ri-gro,& comman.
se show commans to %erify that yo,r IS#NconBg,ration is f,nctioning &ro&erly.
Oo, can ,se e!,g commans to tro,!leshoot yo,rIS#N conBg,ration.
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IPMAC
Sto& herePSto& hereP
$ItLs time for testing