Building Blocks of Building Blocks of Effective TeamworkEffective Teamwork
Building BlocksBuilding Blocks
PurposePurpose Explore the stages of group Explore the stages of group
developmentdevelopment Define the concept of teamDefine the concept of team Identify elements of effective Identify elements of effective
teamworkteamwork
Tuckman’s Model of Group Tuckman’s Model of Group DevelopmentDevelopment
5 Stages5 Stages1.1. FormingForming
2.2. StormingStorming
3.3. NormingNorming
4.4. PerformingPerforming
5.5. AdjourningAdjourning
Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups. Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups.
Psychological Bulletin, Psychological Bulletin, 63, 384-399.63, 384-399.
Forming StageForming Stage
Characterized by dependency on the Characterized by dependency on the group leader, lack of group identity, group leader, lack of group identity, uncertainty about the group’s uncertainty about the group’s purpose, and lack of trust. purpose, and lack of trust.
Storming StageStorming Stage
Characterized by conflict and Characterized by conflict and confrontation, resistance, testing, confrontation, resistance, testing, and role ambiguity.and role ambiguity.
Norming StageNorming Stage
Characterized by cohesiveness and Characterized by cohesiveness and group identity. Standards and group identity. Standards and attitudes that guide behavior are attitudes that guide behavior are established. Members avoid conflict established. Members avoid conflict and seek harmony.and seek harmony.
Performing StagePerforming Stage
Characterized by interdependence, Characterized by interdependence, cooperation, and open cooperation, and open communication among group communication among group members. Group effectively balances members. Group effectively balances work and relational matters (both work and relational matters (both task and people-oriented) and task and people-oriented) and accomplishes goals of the group. accomplishes goals of the group.
Adjourning StageAdjourning Stage
Characterized by termination of the Characterized by termination of the group. group.
Stages of Group DevelopmentStages of Group Development
forming
performing storming
norming
adjourning
TeamTeam
““A small number of people with A small number of people with complementary skills who are complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually which they hold themselves mutually accountable.”accountable.”
John Katzenbach & Doug Smith, The Wisdom of Teams, 1993, Harvard John Katzenbach & Doug Smith, The Wisdom of Teams, 1993, Harvard Business School Press, p. 45.Business School Press, p. 45.
Characteristics of TeamsCharacteristics of Teams
Leadership Becomes a Shared ActivityLeadership Becomes a Shared Activity Collective AccountabilityCollective Accountability Purpose/Mission/GoalPurpose/Mission/Goal Problem SolvingProblem Solving Measure of EffectivenessMeasure of Effectiveness
Building BlocksBuilding Blocks
Group RolesGroup Roles
Relational RolesRelational Roles EncouragerEncourager HarmonizerHarmonizer CompromiserCompromiser FollowerFollower
Task RolesTask Roles InitiatorInitiator Opinion giverOpinion giver ElaboratorElaborator RecorderRecorder
TeamworkTeamwork
How can leaders develop effective How can leaders develop effective teams (progress from a group, teams (progress from a group, committee, etc. to a team)? committee, etc. to a team)?
Essence of TeamworkEssence of Teamwork
Teamwork is essential. It allows you Teamwork is essential. It allows you to blame someone else. to blame someone else.
~Proverb~Proverb