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Building a Thesaurus from the Ground Up: Cataloging Universal
Design Images
Barbara BrennyVisual Resources Librarian
North Carolina State University Libraries
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How It All Began
Richard Duncan, Researcher at the Center for Universal Design (CUD) at North Carolina State University (NCSU) Had large number of images stored on the
Center’s server Wanted to share them with other UD centers and
with the Public Health Image Library (PHIL) at the Center’s for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta
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A Goal is Set
Develop a standard method for cataloging UD-related images, including… Thesaurus Taxonomy (Classification) Rules for cataloging
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The Challenge
Standards will largely be used by UD practitioners rather than librarians and visual resources professionals
Making something simple, straightforward, and easy to understand
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What Exactly is Universal Design?
Grew out of barrier-free design, accessible design, and assistive technology
Wide-ranging solutions for everyone, not just those with disabilities
Does not stigmatize individuals Everything is usable to all
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Common Example of Univeral Design
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7 Principles of Universal Design
1. Equitable Use
2. Flexibility in Use
3. Simple and Intuitive Design
4. Perceptible Information
5. Minimizing Consequences for Error
6. Low Physical Effort
7. Size and Space for Approach and Use
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Center for Universal Design (CUD) at NCSU
Established in 1989 A national research, information, and
technical assistance center that evaluates, develops, and promotes accessible and universal design in housing, buildings, outdoor and urban environments and related products.
http://www.design.ncsu.edu/cud/
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Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control
Collection of still images, image sets, and multimedia files related to public health
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) is primary controlled vocabulary used
http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp
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The Division of Labor
Hugh Kelsey – Project Manager Barbara Brenny – Builder of Controlled
Vocabularies Richard Duncan – Universal Design Guru
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Self-Education
Accessible Environments: Toward Universal Design, Ronald L. Mace, Graeme J. Hardie, and Jaine P. Place, 1996
Universal Design Handbook, Wolfgang F.E. Preiser, 2001
Publications section of CUD’s website: http://www.design.ncsu.edu/cud/pubs_p/pubs_p.htm
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Creating the Taxonomy
Purpose is to describe UD product or environment
Four tiers Tops levels: Non-Residential, Residential,
Product Design, and Transportation Vehicles Expandable and goes beyond current needs Some terminology borrowed from LCSH and
AAT
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Designing the Taxonomy to Support Uncertainty
Non-Residential Public Entrances
Non-Residential Public Rest Rooms
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Incorporating the Language of Universal Design
Parks Improved Parks
Parks Unimproved Parks
Transportation Spaces
Rest Stops Improved Rest Stops
Transportation Spaces
Rest Stops Unimproved Rest Stops
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Incorporating the Language of Universal Design
Transportation Spaces
Service Stations
Full-Service
Transportation Spaces
Service Stations
Self-Service
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Keeping Terminology Current
Asylums and Orphanages
vs.
Psychiatric Hospitals and Children’s Homes
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Problem Terminology
Assisted Living Facilities
Congregate Housing Residential Care
Homes Retirement
Communities Senior Apartments Nursing Homes
Homes for the Elderly Active Adult
Communities Alzheimer's and
Dementia Care Adult Foster Care
Homes Continuing Care
Retirement Community
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Creating the Thesaurus
Purpose is to fill in important terms not covered by taxonomy and UD principles
Complements taxonomy
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Creating the Thesaurus
Residential, Single-Family Dwellings, Houses
Bathrooms Toilet Tank Levers
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Creating the Thesaurus
Pulled terms from AAT, LCSH, books on Universal Design, and other resources
Making relationships between terms revealed missing terminology
Main subject areas: building components, yard and landscape elements, age groups, physical movements, furniture components, disabilities, disorders, information technology, and UD concepts
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Testing the Taxonomy and Thesaurus
Richard, the UD researcher, cataloged 25 of his images
His work was reviewed by Barbara, who then noted how she would have cataloged each image
Hugh reviewed both versions and recorded his observations
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Testing the Taxonomy and Thesaurus
Barbara and Richard made similar choices Suggests UD practitioners will understand
how to use taxonomy and thesaurus Resulted in more changes to both
controlled vocabularies
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Preparations for Evaluation by UD Practitioners
Created cataloging instructions via a diagram
Wrote explanation of taxonomies and thesauri and how they relate to the description of images
Sent package to evaluators
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Evaluators’ Responses
Happy to see a standardized way to catalog UD images
Provided lists of terms to be added, amended, or removed
Feed back used to make further changes to taxonomy and thesaurus
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Next Steps
Putting Richard’s 250 images into PHIL Publishing taxonomy and thesaurus on
Center for Universal Design’s website, the CDC’s website, or both
Project put on hold due to Richard leaving his position at CUD
Plan to resume project in the near future
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Thank You