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Effective Visualization Interfaces for Planning Support Systems:
a formative study
Kanjanee Budthimedhee, PhD.
Overview
Background Research Problem Research Objective Research Design
Principles Discussion
Background: Research Problem
Planning Support Systems (PSS) Data Model Interface
How to create effective visualization interfaces?
Background: Research Objective
Literature Cognitive quality of graphic components and tasks, Spatial relationship property
between the components, and Human-computer interaction factors
Principles for effective visualization interfaces not articulated
Objective Derive principles for designing effective
visualization interfaces
PSS Interface Effectiveness
Making Plan involves Shaping Attention PSS must: Direct interest
Counter short term memory limit Maintain attention
Leverage influence of representation
Background: Research Method
• Formative evaluation • Build various interface prototypes • Assess effectiveness and derive principles
• Questions • What components are effective? • What layouts are effective? • How to direct interest & maintain engagement?
Background: Research Design
Project PSS: Land-use Evaluation and impact Assessment Model (LEAM)
Interface design evolved over three years Evaluators of interface effectiveness
LEAM colleagues Planning students Other stakeholders
LEAM, a scenario-based PSS simulates regional land-use change as a
consequence of policy choices interacting with different economic and demographic futures
Data
Nine prototypes For each, documented
Design objectives Data Technology Interface components Interface layout Lessons learned
Evaluation Tradeoffs
Component Layout
Design Objectives
Technology Data
Model
Lesson Learned
Sample Data: Prototype5
Principles Inferences from the data Effective Components Effective Layout Other Principles
Principles: Effective Components Task
Local: Summarizing data and Showing trends Global: Comparing point and pattern
Data Space Time
Principles: Grid Summary Graphic representation
Local (One variable, Exact information)
Global (Different variables, Relationship comparison)
Non-spatial
Static (One time)
Dynamic (Different time)
Spatial Static (One time)
Dynamic (Different time)
Principles: Graphic Representation Graphic representation Local
(One variable, Exact information) Global (Different variables, Relationship comparison)
Non-spatial
Static (One time)
-Separated bar or icon [or Table chart] -1attribute used: shape or color
-Description (summarizing data)
-Grouped bar or icons -2attributes: shape and texture/color (Add dimension = see more relationship)
-Comparison -Alternatives -Options -Relations (Comparing Points and Patterns) (summarizing data)
Dynamic (Different time)
-Line or Bars -2attributes: shape and spatial pattern/location
-Trends (showing trends over time)
-Lines or bars -3attributes: shape, texture/color, and spatial pattern
-Comparison -Alternatives -Options -Relations (Comparing Points and Patterns) (showing trends over time)
Graphic representation Local (One variable, Exact
information)
Global (Different variables, Relationship
comparison)
Spatial Static (W/o time)
-One-variable map or One object image
-2attributes: shape and location
-Description (summarizing
data)
-Map using different texture or color for different variables
-3attributes: shape, texture/color, and location
-Comparison -Alternatives -Options -Relations (Comparing
Points and Patterns)
(summarizing data)
Dynamic (W/ time)
-Summary map, animated map or multiple maps
-3attributes: shape, location, and color/pattern
-Aggregation (summarizing
data) (showing
trends over time)
-Multiple maps or Animated maps
-3attributes: shape, color/pattern and location
-Comparison -Alternatives -Options -Relations (Comparing
Points and Patterns)
(showing trends over time)
Principles: Graphic Representation
Principles: Effective Layout Role of Media Role of Structure
Provide information about plan and its consequences Help evaluate alternative land use policies
Display must be proximate Display must be comparable
Principles: Layout & Media Technology
Population
Economy
Housing/Resident
Education/Social Service
Environment
Transportation
Existing Paper Document
Principles: Layout & Media Technology
Text/Number Graph
Population
Economy
Environment
Map Land-use Change -housing -school -infrastructure
Population
Economy
Environment
Existing Electronic Document
Principles: Layout
Drivers Impact
Trends
Regulations
Investments
Population
Economic (GDP)
Ag. Preservation
River Bluff
Ring Road
New infrastructure
Social Perception
Economic Cost
Environment
Habitat FM
Infra costs
Hidden cost
Congestion
Energy CS
Forest lost
City Growth Land-use -residential -commercial -industrial
Displaying Interrelationships between Drivers and Impacts
Principles: Layout Comparing Alternatives
Scenario1 vs Scenario2: Difference Map Scenario1: driver
Scenario2: driver
1 vs 2: Impact Grouped bar chart
Impact description Text
Discussion: Wickens on Layout
Proximity of: Drivers & Impacts
Discussion: Wickens on Layout
Proximity of: Compare Policies
Discussion: Cleveland on Layout
Align Scale: Comparison
Other principles Provide motivation Maintain engagement Provide functional flexibility
Experience / familiarity Interface Complexity Way-finding Clarity & Transparency Innovative surprise
<100100-200200-500> 500No Data
Maximum number of animals
Conclusion Bridge the gap in PSS interface literature Improvement
Broader range of users/evaluators More formative study of PSS development
Future study Experimental study of each principle Aural media as an enhancement
Discussion: Tufte on Graphic Component
Perhaps not Data : Ink Perhaps 1 piece of Data : 1 graphic Attribute
Discussion: Wickens on Graphic Component
Proximity Memory limit -7+ chunks 3 attributes in one graphic
make up 1 chunk