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Breast-Health Screening Perceptions of Chinese Canadian
Immigrant Women
Immigrant & Racialized Women’s Health Conference
February 21, 2014
Heidi Sin RN, PhD
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OutlineProblem and purpose of the studyApproachResearch questions Study participantsData collection Results and InterpretationRecommendationsImplications for Practices
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ProblemBreast cancer is a prominent type of cancer in women.Breast cancer accounted for 458,000 deaths globally.In Canada, 22,700 individuals diagnosed with breast
cancer along with 5,100 cancer-related deaths in 2012.
Regular breast-health screening could reduce mortality from breast cancer.
Screening rate was low within ethno-cultural groups.Result in high mortality and morbidity.
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Purpose
To explore the perceptions of breast-health screening among Chinese Canadian immigrant women, aged 30 to 69 and barriers that prevented them from having breast-health screening.
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Research Method and DesignQualitative case study
Demographic survey
Semistructured interview
Focus group
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Research Question
What are the perceptions of breast-health screening among Chinese Canadian immigrant women aged 30 to 69?
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Research SubquestionsTypes of preventive health measuresPerceived benefits of breast-health screening Obstacles to breast-health screening Females’ perceptions of condition, situations,
or contexts that influence their lived experiences with breast-health screening
Perceived role of breast-health screening
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Characteristics of populationChinese women aged 30 to 69.Born and received education in mainland China.First language is Mandarin.Have immigrated to Canada for 5 years or less.Residents in the Greater Toronto Area.Acquired no history of breast cancer.Approached Welcome Centre Immigrant
Services-Markham South or The Cross-Cultural Community Services Association.
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Data Collection Pilot study
Fifteen semistructured interviews
Two focus groups
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Results and InterpretationsSubquestion 1: What types of preventive health measures used by Chinese Canadian immigrant women?
Theme: Influence of Chinese cultural beliefs and practices to maintain health
Healthy eating
Physical activities
Positive attitude
Regular daily activities
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Results and InterpretationsSubquestion 2: What are the perceived benefits of breast-health screening for Chinese Canadian immigrant women?
Theme: Important role of a female caregiver in a family Early detection of breast cancer
Prevention of illness
Beneficial to individuals and family members
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Results and InterpretationsSubquestion 3: What are the obstacles to breast-health screening for Chinese Canadian immigrant women?
Theme: Accessibility to and utilization of screening services
Lack of knowledgeInconvenienceLanguage proficiency EmbarrassmentPerceived illnessRadiationCost
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Results and InterpretationsSubquestion 4: What are the females’ perceptions of condition, situations, or contexts that influence their lived experiences with breast-health screening?
Two themes: Lack of preventive health concept and experiences affect participationLack of preventive health conceptPerceived illnessesAwareness of breast cancer impact
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Results and InterpretationsSubquestion 4: What are the females’ perceptions of condition, situations, or contexts that influence their lived experiences with breast-health screening?
Theme: Experiences affect participationPositive / negative perceptions of screeningSomeone with breast cancerScreening experiencesScreening instructionsPositive / negative emotional responses
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Results and InterpretationsSubquestion 5: What perceived role does breast-health screening play in Chinese Canadian immigrant women’s health?
Theme: Lack of information about breast-health screening programBenefits of screeningImportance of screeningIndividual responsibility Breast-health screening programCurrent health status
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RecommendationsDevelop culturally-sensitive linguistic
programs and educational materials in consideration of Chinese health beliefs.
Establish better communication between health care providers and clients and recommendation by physicians.
Include breast-health screening as a standard item within annual check-up.
Promotion of breast-health screening through ethnic media.
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RecommendationsExpand the operating hours for screening
clinic and initiation of mobile women’s clinic.Provide translation services, comfortable and
supportive environment at the breast-health screening clinics.
Provide linguistic culturally educational program to include preventive health concept.
Provide community-based outreach educational programs and a lay health educator program.
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Implications for PracticesTo increase participation in breast-health screening: Increase knowledge.Reduce perceived barriers, facilitate perceived
benefits, minimize negative experiences.Promote self care message.Involve physicians.Send reminders through a systematic approach.Remove embarrassment by given options.Review health organizations role.Conduct further longitudinal studies.
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