Brazilian Political Brazilian Political PartiesParties
The Struggle to Institutionalize The Struggle to Institutionalize
Brazilian Territory
Political Parties in Second Wave Political Parties in Second Wave Democracy (1946-66)Democracy (1946-66)
Attitude toward Getulio Vargas as the divide
Pro Vargas◦PTB (Brazilian Workers’ Party) top down◦PSD`
Anti Vargas◦UDN (National Democratic Union)
Personalism ◦Ademar de Barros (Sao Paulo) Social
Progressive Party
Political Parties Under the Political Parties Under the Military Government: First Military Government: First
Phase Phase
Elections of 1966: Vargas Parties WinMilitary Dictates Two Party System
◦ARENA◦MDB
Military Regime Loses Control Military Regime Loses Control of Party System of Party System
Modifications of November 1981◦Brizola & PDT◦PT (Workers’ Party) and the metal workers
(LULA)◦Ivette Vargas – PTB (not same as earlier PTB)
Split in Arena leads to election of Trancredo Neves
Military Regime Regains ControlMilitary Regime Regains Control
Jose Sarney (1985-1990)◦Leader of ARENA in the senate throughout
most of military regime◦Godfather of Northeast Brazil ◦Split from government party to form PFL
(Liberal Front) PMBD (suspicious of Sarney but wanted
patronage)
Transition to Competitive Party Transition to Competitive Party PoliticsPolitics
Cruzado Plan brings economic stability and legitimizes Sarney
November 1986 election◦PMDB captures 22 governorships◦PMDB controls constitutional convention
Sarney’s backing away from Cruzado Plan discredits PMDB/PFL governing coalition
Presidential Elections 1989/90Presidential Elections 1989/90Round 1 Round 1
Left: Lula (PT) eclipses Brizola (PDT)
Right: Collor unifies the right with the help of the media
Presidential Elections 1989/90Presidential Elections 1989/90Round 2 Round 2
Collor defeats Lula Collor Flies high & crashes
Brazilian Political Parties: After Brazilian Political Parties: After Collor: Collor: LeftLeft
PT◦National organization◦Tied to labor union movement
PDT◦Regionally based (Rio de Janeiro/South)◦Remnants of Vargas organizations
PSB◦Leftist intellectuals
Political Parties after Collor: Political Parties after Collor: The Brazilian CenterThe Brazilian Center
◦PSDB (Brazilian Social Democratic Party Social Democratic ideology (center-left, similar to
Democratic Party in the USA) Formed in 1988 from PMDB dissidents Led by Henrique Cardoso
◦PMDB Successor to MDB Tied to state political machines Strongly personalist
Brazilian Political Parties Brazilian Political Parties after Collor: Center Right after Collor: Center Right
PTB (different than pre-1964 PTB) ◦Reorganized by Ivete Vargas in 1981
PFL (Liberal Front Party)◦Split in Arena to back candidacy of
Trancredo NevesPPB (Brazilian Progressive Party)
◦ formed in 1995◦Some ruminants of ARENA
1994 Presidential Election 1994 Presidential Election
Itamar Franco as a caretaker president◦ Another accidental presidency◦ Fernando Henrique Cardoso as architect
of economic recovery {Real Plan} Voting in 1994
◦ One Round Only Cardoso 54% Luis Inacio “Lula” de Silva 27%
President President Fernando Henrique CarsodoFernando Henrique Carsodo
Rio de Janeiro native Son of an Army officer Spent much of the military regime in exile
Presidential Election of 1998Presidential Election of 1998
Fernando Henrique Cardoso Reelected
◦One Round Only Luis Inacio “Lula” de Silva 32% Cardoso 53%
Winning coalition ◦Social Democrats (PSDB)◦Liberal Front (PFL) party of Jose Sarney◦Labor Party (PTB) party of Ivette Vargas
1998 Election Results1998 Election Results
Presidential Election of 2002 Presidential Election of 2002 Winner:Winner: Luiz Inácio Lula da Luiz Inácio Lula da
SilvaSilva Birthplace: Caetes,
Pernambuco (27 October 1945
Family migrated to Sao Paulo
Political Party (PT) Coalition Partners
: PC do B, PRB, PMDB, PL, PSB, PP, PMN
Summary of the 6 October and Summary of the 6 October and 27 October 2002 Brazil 27 October 2002 Brazil
presidential election results presidential election results
Candidates Votes %1st round Votes % 2nd round Luis Ignacio Lula da Silva 39,436,099 46.4 2,772,475 61.3 (PT, PL, PC do B, PMN, PCB, PV)
Jose Serra 19,694,843 23.2 33,356.860 38.7 (PSDB, PMDB,PP) Anthony Garotinho 15,176,204 17.9 (PSB, PGT ,PCB)
2006 Presidential Election 2006 Presidential Election
Candidate of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)
Resigned from his position as governor of Sao Paulo to run for president
Geraldo Alckmin: Opposition to Lula
2006 Presidential Election: Lula 2006 Presidential Election: Lula again – two rounds again – two rounds
2010 -Presidential Debate: Round 12010 -Presidential Debate: Round 1
Lula Backs Dilma 1000%Lula Backs Dilma 1000%
Presidential candidate Running mate First Round October 3Popular vote
Absolute Percentage
Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) 47,651,434 46.91%
José Serra (PSDB) Indio da Costa (DEM) 33,132,283 32.61%
Marina Silva (PV) Guilherme Leal (PV) 19,636,359 19.33%
Plínio de Arruda Sampaio (PSOL) Hamilton Assis (PSOL 886,816 0.87%
José Maria Eymael (PSDC) José Paulo da Silva Neto (PSDC) 89,350 0.09%
José Maria de Almeida (PSTU) Cláudia Durans (PSTU) 84,609 0.08%
Levy Fidélix (PRTB) Luiz Eduardo Ayres Duarte (PRTB) 57,960 0.06%
Ivan Pinheiro (PCB) Edmilson Costa (PCB) 39,136 0.04%
Rui Costa Pimenta (PCO) Edson Dorta Silva (PCO) 12,206 0.01%
Valid votes 101,590,153 91.36%
→ Blank votes 3,479,340 3.13%
→ Null votes 6,124,254 5.51%
Total votes 111,193,747 81.88%
→ Abstention 24,610,296 18.12%
Electorate 135,804,433 100.00%
Round 2 Presidential – 2010 Round 2 Presidential – 2010
Nominee Dilma Rousseff José Serra
Party PT PSDB
Home state Minas Gerais São Paulo
Running mate Michel Temer Indio da Costa
States carried 15 + DF 11
Popular vote 55,752,483 43,711,162
Percentage 56.05% 43.95%
Geographic Distribution of Support: Geographic Distribution of Support: Round 2 – Presidential 2010Round 2 – Presidential 2010
Hundreds of supporters celebrate Dilma Hundreds of supporters celebrate Dilma Rousseff's victory on Paulista Avenue in São Rousseff's victory on Paulista Avenue in São
PauloPaulo