Download - Bob Blonski IRR Presentation Crrc_ferro
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
How Color Pigments Can Save EnergyHow Color Pigments Can Save Energy
Robert P. Blonski Ph.D.
Ferro CorporationPerformance Pigments and Colors
Cleveland, Ohio 44105
The Importance of a Pigments Properties Outside of the Visible
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
LBL
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Top of Colorant Layer
Elementary Layer of Thickness dx
Backing of Reflectance Rg
x
Kubelka-Munk Formalism
K=Absorption CoefficientS=Scattering Coefficient
Change inUpward Flux: dj = -(S+K)jdx + Sidx
Downward Flux: di = -(S+K)idx + Sjdx
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Kubelka-Munk FormalismK=Absorption CoefficientS=Scattering CoefficientR=Reflectance
For Opaque Sample
K (1-R)S 2R
2=
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
K=Absorption CoefficientS=Scattering CoefficientR=Reflectance
2K (1-R)S 2R
=
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Kubelka-Munk FormalismK=Absorption CoefficientS=Scattering CoefficientC=Concentration
K KS
CC
i
i
i
i
Total
STotal= i
i
= (1-R)2R
2
For a Multi-Component System
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Examples of Increasing Infrared Reflectance
By Modifying Scattering (S)
By Modifying Absorption (K)
Fire-Retardant White Paint
Infrared Reflecting Porcelain Enamel forHalogen Lamp Cooking
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Bohren & Huffman, 1983
Mie Scattering Theory
Extinction Cross Sectionversus
Size Parameter =
2*pi*Radius/Wavelength
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Rutile Scattering Cross-section
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Rutile Scattering Cross-section
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Reflectance of Rutile Pigments
Radiation from wood fire~ 1500º K black body
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
At RiskSubstrate
0.2 µm TiO2 Particle Pigment
1.5 µm TiO2 Particle Pigment
1500° KBlackbody
Flame
70% Absorbed30% Reflected
30% Absorbed70% Reflected
}
}
TypicalWhitePaint
Fire-RetardantWhite Paint
“Shedding Light on Firefighting”Photonics Spectra, Dec. 1995
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Cooking with Light
Hybrid MicrowaveInfrared Ovens
Microwave +Tungsten Halogen
Lamps
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Titanium Opacified Porcelain Enamel
Glass with a high titania concentration is smelted at a high temperature
The glass is ground to form a frit powder
The frit is applied to substrate and fired
Titania precipitates from frit during firing
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
For example: Fe+2 strongly absorbs infraredradiation while Fe+3 and Fe+4
do not
In general: oxidized = “lighter”reduced = “darker”
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
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High IR Reflecting
Infrared Reflecting Porcelain Enamel
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
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Ener
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UV VIS IR3% 40% 57%
Solar Spectrum
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
White Porcelain Enamel
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High IR ReflectingNormal
Solar Reflectance = 80.4 Solar Reflectance = 89.9
Normal Infrared Reflecting
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
CamouflageWoodland
ArcticDesertUrban
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Conventional Photographic Film
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Infrared Film
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Conventional Film Infrared Film
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
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Buckeye Leaf
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Conventional Cobalt Bearing SpinelCamouflage Pigment
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Conventional
CobaltAbsorption
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
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Conventional Cobalt FreeCamouflage Pigments
CobaltAbsorption
Solar Reflectance=43%
Solar Reflectance=26%
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Ultralight Camouflage Netting System(ULCANS)
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Arctic Camouflage
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
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Titania
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
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Titania Zirconia
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
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Normal High IR Reflecting
Infrared Reflecting Porcelain Enamel
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Titania Zirconia
Arctic Camouflage
Whites
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Insect VisionSensitive to Blue and near-UV
“Dark”“Bright”
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Zircon Praseodymium Yellow
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
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IR Reflecting Normal IR Absorbing
Three Black Inorganic Pigments
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
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IR Reflecting Normal IR Absorbing
Three Black Inorganic PigmentsSolar
Reflectance
25%
12%
5%
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
+b(Yellow)
+a (Red)-b
(Blue)
(Green) -a
L= 100= White
L= 0 = Black
ColorValues
CIELAB
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
4 0 0 4 4 0 4 8 0 5 2 0 5 6 0 6 0 0 6 4 0 6 8 0
Wa v e l e n g t h ( n m )
x
EyeSensitivity
Curve
X X d=400nm
=700nm
Illuminant ReflectanceCurve
0
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2 0
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6 0
7 0
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W a v e l e n g t h ( n m )
0
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1 0 0
1 5 0
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2 5 0
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W a v e l e n g t h ( n m )
A
Calculate Color CoordinatesY, x, z
For example: x =
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Calculate Color ValuesCIE 1976 L*a*b*
a* = 500 [ (x/xN)1/3 – (y/yN)1/3 ]
b* = 200 [ (y/yN)1/3 – (z/zN)1/3 ]
L* = 116 [ (y/yN)1/3 - 16
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Solar Reflectance of Gray ScalePVDF Coating: Titania + Black Pigment
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Sola
r Ref
lect
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Normal Black _____PB-28
IRR Black _____PG-17
Black White
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Solar Reflectance=25% Solar Reflectance=40%
L* = 57 L* = 72
L* = 30 L* = 61
Normal BlackPB-28
IRR BlackPG-17
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
A solar reflectance specification effectivelyfixes how visibly “dark” a surface can be.
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UV3%
Vis40%
IR57%
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
“Cool Colors” Reflect SolarRadiation
Emit ThermalRadiation
Passive SolarHeating
Absorb SolarRadiation Emit Thermal
Radiation
Do Not
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Optimization of Solar-Selective Paint Coatings
Final Report- June 1982M.A. McChesney, P. B. Zimmer, and R.J.H. Lin
NTIS DE83001278
The Solar Heating and Cooling Development BranchOffice of Conservation and Solar Applications
United States Department of Energy
Do You Remember “The Energy Crisis”?
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Infrared Absorbing Pigment
Nanosized 30-200 nmCu, Mn, Fe containing Spinel
“C.I. Pigment Black 26”
100 nm
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Thickness-Sensitive Selective Paint
Thickness-Insensitive Selective Paint
Metallic Base Coat
Pigmented CoatingOver Metallic Base
Pigment + Aluminum FlakeCoating Over Arbitrary Base
Arbitrary Base Coat
AluminumFlakes
Solar Absorption = 90%
Solar Absorption = 89%
Thermal Emmisivity = 7%
Thermal Emmisivity = 31%
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
Silver Coated HollowGlass Sphere
Infrared Reflective Visually ColoredMetallic Compositions
Spectro Dynamic Systems, LLCUS Patent 6,468,647
October 22, 2002
Same Nanosized InfraredAbsorbing Black Pigment CoatedOnto Silver Coated Hollow Glass
Spheres
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
ElectromagneticRadiation
CommercialPigments
MilitaryPigments
UV
Visible
Near-IR
Far-IR
200 nm
400 nm
700 nm
2,500 nm
15,000 nm
Weathering
Color
HeatBuild-up
HeatRadiation
FullSpectrum
Specifications
The Importance of a Pigments Properties Outside of the Visible
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CRRCFebruary 10, 2004
How Color Pigments Can Save EnergyHow Color Pigments Can Save Energy
Robert P. Blonski Ph.D.
Ferro CorporationPerformance Pigments and Colors
Cleveland, Ohio 44105
The Importance of a Pigments Properties Outside of the Visible