Objectives
Describe axillary artery and its relations.
Enlist the branches of axillary artery.
Discuss the arterial anastomosis around the shoulder joint.
Describe brachial artery, its relations and branches.
Discuss the arterial anastomosis around the elbow joint.
Objectives
Discuss the radial and ulnar arteries with their relations and branches.
Describe the formation of superficial and deep palmar arches.
Explain the formation of dorsal venous arch.
Discuss the superficial veins of the upper limb.
Describe the formation of axillary vein.
Axillary ArteryAxillary Artery
Begins at the lateral border of 1st rib as a continuation
of subclavian artery.
Ends at the lower border of teres major muscle by
continuing as brachial artery.
Pectoralis minor muscle crosses in front of the artery
and divides it into 3 parts.
Axillary ArteryAxillary Artery
1st part of Axillary artery:
Relations:
Anteriorly: Pectoralis Major
Posteriorly: Long thoracic nerve
Laterally: Three cords of brachial plexus
Medially: Axillary vein
Branches:
Highest thoracic artery
Axillary ArteryAxillary Artery
2nd part of Axillary artery:
Relations:
Anteriorly: Pectoralis Minor & Pectoralis Major
Posteriorly: Posterior cord of Brachial Plexus (BP)
Laterally: Lateral cord of Brachial Plexus
Medially: Medial Lateral cord of BP & Axillary vein
Branches:
Thoracoacromial artery
Lateral Thoracic artery
Axillary ArteryAxillary Artery
3rd part of Axillary artery:
Relations:
Anteriorly: Pectoralis Major
Posteriorly: Subscapularis, Latissimus dorsi & Teres Major
Laterally: Lateral cord of Brachial Plexus
Medially: Medial Lateral cord of BP & Axillary vein
Branches:
Subscapular artery
Anterior & Posterior circumflex humeral arteries
Anastomosis around shoulder jointAnastomosis around shoulder joint
Anastomosis occurs between branches of Subclavian and
Axillary arteries:
Branches from Subclavian Artery:
Suprascapular artery
Superficial cervical artery
Branches from Axillary Artery:
Subscapular artery
Anterior circumflex humeral artery
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Brachial ArteryBrachial Artery
Begins at the lower border of teres major muscle as a
continuation of Axillary artery.
Terminates opposite the neck of the radius by dividing
into Radial and Ulnar arteries.
Relations of Brachial ArteryRelations of Brachial Artery
Relations:
Anteriorly: Coracobrachialis & Biceps
Posteriorly: Brachialis & Triceps
Laterally: Median nerve & Coracobrachialis
Medially: Ulnar nerve & Basilic vein
Branches of Brachial ArteryBranches of Brachial Artery
Muscular branches
Nutrient artery
Profunda Brachii artery
Superior ulnar collateral artery
Inferior ulnar collateral artery
Anastomosis around elbow jointAnastomosis around elbow joint
Anastomosis occurs between branches of Brachial, Radial
and Ulnar arteries:
Branches from Brachial Artery:
Profunda Brachii artery
Superior ulnar collateral artery
Inferior ulnar collateral artery
Branches from Ulnar and Radial Arteries:
Radial & ulnar recurrent arteries
Posterior interosseous recurrent artery
Radial ArteryRadial Artery Smaller terminal branch of Brachial artery.
Begins in the cubital fossa & passes below
Brachioradialis muscle.
Rest on deep muscles of forearm.
In the distal part of forearm it lies on anterior surface of
the Radius.
Radial ArteryRadial Artery
At wrist it winds backward and passes anteriorly into the
palm between two heads of 1st dorsal interossei muscle.
Then it joins deep branch of ulnar artery to form Deep
Palmar Arch.
Branches of Radial ArteryBranches of Radial Artery
Muscular branches
Recurrent branch
Superficial Palmar branch
Joins ulnar artery to form Superficial
Palmar Arch
Radialis Indicis artery
Princeps Pollicis
Ulnar ArteryUlnar Artery Larger terminal branch of Brachial artery.
Begins in the cubital fossa & descends through anterior
compartment of forearm.
It enters the palm in front of flexor retinaculum.
It ends by forming Superficial Palmar Arch with
Superficial Palmar branch of Radial artery.
Branches of Ulnar ArteryBranches of Ulnar Artery
Muscular branches
Recurrent branches
Deep Palmar branch
Joins radial artery to form Deep Palmar
Arch
Common Interosseous artery
Anterior Interosseous artery
Posterior Interosseous artery
Deep Palmar ArchDeep Palmar Arch Direct continuation of Radial artery.
Deeply placed in palm in front of the metacarpal bones &
Interosseous muscles.
The Arch on medial side is completed by deep branch of
the ulnar artery.
Branches: Palmar, Metacarpal, Perforating & Recurrent
Superficial Palmar ArchSuperficial Palmar Arch Direct continuation of Ulnar artery.
Superficially placed in palm in front of the long flexor
tendons.
The Arch on lateral side is completed by superficial
palmar branch of the radial artery.
Branches: Four digital arteries
Superficial Veins of the Upper LimbSuperficial Veins of the Upper Limb Dorsal venous arch
Veins of the Palm
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Median vein of the forearm
Dorsal venous archDorsal venous arch
Lies in the subcutaneous tissue proximal to
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Drains on the lateral side into the Cephalic vein
Drains on the medial side into the Basilic vein
Communicates with the deep veins of the palm freely
Cephalic VeinCephalic Vein
Arises from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch on
the back of hand.
Winds round the lateral border of forearm
Ascends in the superficial fascia into the cubital fossa
and up the front of the arm on the lateral side of Biceps
Cephalic VeinCephalic Vein
On reaching the interval between deltoid & Pectoralis
major muscles, it pierces deep fascia & joins the Axillary
vein.
Drains the lateral and posterior surfaces of the limb.
Median Cubital Vein, a branch of cephalic vein, joins the
Basilic vein in the cubital fossa.
Basilic VeinBasilic Vein
Arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch on
the back of hand
Winds round the medial border of forearm
Ascends in the superficial fascia on the posterior surface
of the forearm
Below elbow it inclines to reach the cubital fossa
Basilic VeinBasilic Vein
Ascends on the medial side of Biceps
It pierces deep fascia at the middle of the arm
It joins the vena comitantes of the brachial artery to form
the Axillary vein.
Drains the medial and posterior surfaces of the limb.
Receives Median Cubital Vein at cubital fossa.
Median Vein of the ForearmMedian Vein of the Forearm
Arises in the palm
Ascends on the front of forearm
Drains into Basilic vein or Median cubital vein or divides
into two branches:
Median Basilic vein: (Drain into basilic vein)
Median cephalic vein: (Drain into cephalic vein)
Vena ComitantesVena Comitantes
Deep veins accompany the respective arteries as vena
comitantes
Two vena comitantes of brachial artery join the basilic
vein at the lower border of teres major to form Axillary
vein
Axillary VeinAxillary Vein
Formed by the union of the vena comitantes of brachial
artery with basilic vein
It becomes Subclavian Vein at the outer border of 1st rib
Tributaries correspond to the branches of the axillary
artery and also receive Cephalic Vein