Download - Blood; Importance in Diagnosis
![Page 1: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Blood :importance in diagnosis
By- Roqqaiya MuftiDepartment of BiochemistryVBSPU,jaunpur
![Page 2: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Blood :-introduction THE FLUID CIRCULATING THROUGH
OUT THE BODYCarrier of carbon dioxide and oxygen to and
from the lungCarries nourishment to the tisue.And take away waste product s to kidney.Blood makes up about 7_8% body
weight,which amounts to about 5 liters in adult human.
![Page 3: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Components of blood The blood circulating is reffered to as ‘WHOLE
BLOOD’.
whole blood is made up of several different components each with specific applications.
The blood can be consider to be a specialized tissue composed of many different kinds of cellular matrix component such as the red blood cell, white blood cell, platelets and plasma.
![Page 4: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What are red cells?Red cells or erythrocyte constitute the majority
of cells in the blood. Approximately a quarter of the cell in the human body are red blood cell.
Why red in color?
These cells’ cytoplasm is rich in hemoglobin an iron containing biomolecules that can bind oxygen and is responsible for the blood’s red color.
![Page 7: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FUNCTION:Travel throughout the body, deliver oxygen to
tissue and remove carbon dioxide to lungs.
This role of the red cells is essential to prevent damage to organs.
The hemoglobin in the cell is an excellent acid base buffer, so are responsible for most of the acid _ base buffering power of whole blood.
![Page 10: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What are platelets?Platelets or thrombocytes are colorless,
irregularly shaped bodies found in blood.
![Page 11: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
FUNCTIONSThe primary role of platelets is to prevent
bleeding in injured blood vessels walls by forming an aggregate at the site of injury
Platelets can also be participate in blood coagulation, inflammation and wound healing.
![Page 12: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What are white cells?White blood cells or leucocytes cells travel
throughout the body and protect against bacteria and viruses.
There are different types of white blood cells (granulocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes)
The lymphocytes help with immune defense.White blood cells can also carry so many
viruses and bacteria.They occur outside the blood as well in the
spleen, liver and lymph node.
![Page 13: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What is plasma?Plasma is a protein-salt solutions that acts as
a transportation medium for the other blood components.
The red cells, white cells and the platelets are suspended in the plasma.
Plasma is straw colored clear liquid that is 90% water.
![Page 14: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
FUNCTIONThe plasma is the cell free fluid matrix of the
blood ,which is obtained after centrifugation of anticoagulant treated blood.
Plasma helps with clotting, fighting infection,maintaing blood pressure and immunity. in addition, it contain minerals(e.g. sodium and potassium)
![Page 16: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What is coagulation?COAGULATION is a complex process by which blood
from clots.Blood must be remain fluid with in the vasculature
and yet clot quickly when expose to no endothelial surface at a site of vascular injury.
It is an important part of HEMOSTASIS(the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel),where in a damaged blood vessel wall is covered by a platelets and fibrin containing clot to sop bleeding and begin repair of the damage vessel.
Disorder of coagulation can lead to an increased risk of bleeding(hemorrhage) or clotting(thrombosis).
![Page 17: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CLOTTING FACTORS
![Page 19: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CLOTTING MECHANISM
![Page 20: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Presence of antigen on erythrocytes
![Page 21: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Blood related disorderANEMIA:Sickle cell disease(SCD) also known as sickle
cell anemia(SCA),means defiency of hemoglobin in the blood.
Normally our blood cell are round and flexible they move easily through blood vessel. In sickle cell anemia, the RBCs become rigid and sticky and are shaped like sickle . These irregularly shaped cell can get stuck in small blood vessel ,and slows down the or block blood flow.
![Page 22: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Types of anemia1. BLOOD LOSS ANEMIA: After rapid hemorrhage the body replace
the fluid portion of plasma into 3 days, but this leaves a low concentration of red blood cell.if a second hemorrhage does not occur the red blood concentration usually returns to normal within3-6 weeks. Inchronic blood loss a person frequently canot absorb enough iron from the intestine to form hemoglobin as rapidly it lost
![Page 23: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2- APLASTIC ANEMIA: Bone marrow aplasia means lack of
functioning bone marrow. Peaople with severaplastia usually dies unless treated with blood transfusion,which can temporarily increase the number of red blood cell, or by bone marrow.
Occur due to high dose of radiation or chemotherapy for cancer treatment can damage stem cell or high dose of certain chemicals such as insecticides or benzene in gasoline.
![Page 24: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3-MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA: Loss of vitamin B12 , folic acid can lead to
slow reproduction of erythrocytes in the bone marrow .As a result the red cell grow too large ,with odd shape ,and are called megaloblasts.
![Page 25: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Blood; Importance in Diagnosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062901/58f262511a28ab07678b45eb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Thank
you...