Download - Biotechnology Applied Biotechnology
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Applied Biotechnology
BRILLIANT’S® Code No. MP-BT-302
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1Food Microbiology: Microbial contamination & spoilage, Food preservation. Indus-trial production of Ethyl Alcohol, Penicillin, Cyanocobalamin, Glutamic Acid, CitricAcid, Amylase, Protease.’y$S> ‘mBH«$mo~m¶mocm°Or - ‘mBH«$mo{~¶c H§$Q>o{‘ZoeZ VWm ñnm°BcoO, ’y$S> {àOd}eZ& BWmBc EëH$mohc, no{Z{g{cZ,gmBZmoH$mo~mcm{‘Z, ½cyQ>m{‘H$ E{gS>, gmB{Q´>H$ E{gS>, E‘mBcoO, àmo{Q>EO H$m BÊS>pñQ´>¶c àmoS>³eZ&
2Introduction to plant tissue culture, Nutritional requirements. Invitro culture, singlecell culture, Anther culture, ovule culture, Somatic embryogenesis, Organogenesis,Protoplast culture, Somatic hybridization, Genetic manipulation of plants usingAgrobacterium tumefaciens.ßcm§Q> {Q>ew H$ëMa H$m n[aM¶, ݶy{Q´>eZc Amdí¶H$VmE±, BZ{dQ´>mo H$ëMa, qgJc goc H$ëMa, EÝWa H$ëMa,Amodc H$ëMa, gmo‘o{Q>H$ Epå~«¶mo[OZo{gg, Am°J}Zmo[OZo{gg, àmoQ>moßcmñQ> H$ëMa, gmo‘o{Q>H$ hmB{~«S>mBOoeZ,EJ«mo~¡³Q>r[a¶‘ Q²>¶y[‘’o${gE§g H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ ßcm§Q²>g H$m ‘o{ZnwcoeZ&
3Immunity: Innate and Acquired, Host defense mechanism-Infection and its types,Organs and cells of Immune system, Vaccines and its types, Antigens-Properties andtypes, Adjuvants, Immunoglobulins- structure, types and functions, Generation ofAntibodies, Primary and Secondary response, Agglutination and Precipitation reac-tions.History, Equipment and materials for animal cell culture technology, Physical re-quirement for animal cell and their growth curve in culture.Commonly used cell lines: Their organization and characteristics, Differentiation ofcells, Organ culture- techniques, advantage and applications.Applications of animal biotechnology: Methods of Transfection and cell fusion of ani-mal cells, Selectable markers, HAT selection, Transgenic animals, Stem cell culture,Transplantation of cultured cells, Bioreactors for large scale production of animal cells.
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Bå¶y{ZQ>r… BÝZoQ> VWm E³dm¶S>©, hmoñQ> {S>’|$g ‘oH¡${ZÁ‘ - B§’o$³eZ VWm BgHo$ àH$ma, Bå¶yZ {gñQ>‘ Ho$ Am°J©ÝgVWm goëg, d¡p³gÝg VWm BgHo$ àH$ma, EÊQ>rOÝg - JwU VWm àH$ma, ES>Owd|Q²>g, Bå¶yZmo½bmoã¶wqbg - ñQ´>³Ma,àH$ma VWm ’§$³eÝg, EÊQ>r~m°S>rO H$s OZaoeZ, àm¶‘ar VWm goH$ÊS>ar [añnm°Ýg, E½bw{Q>ZoeZ VWm ào{g{nQ>oeZ[aEŠeÝg&E{Z‘b gob H$ëMa VH$ZrH$ H$m B{Vhmg, CnH$aU VWm ‘Q>o[a¶b, E{Z‘b gob VWm H$ëMa ‘| BgHo$ J«moW H$d©Ho$ {bE {’${OH$b Amdí¶H$VmE±&gmYmaU ê$n go H$m‘ AmZo dmbr gob bmBÝg- BZH$m Am°J}ZmBOoeZ VWm bjU, goëg H$m {S>’$a|{eEeZ, Am°J©ZH$ëMa, VH$ZrH|$, bm^ VWm AZwà¶moJ&E{Z‘b ~m¶moQ>o³Zmobm°Or Ho$ AZwà¶moJ… Q´>m§g’o$³eZ H$s ‘oWS²>g VWm E{Z‘b goëg H$m gob â¶yOZ, {gbo³Q>o~b‘mH©$g©, HAT {gbo³eZ, Q´>m§gOo{ZH$ E{Z‘ëg, ñQ>o‘ gob H$ëMa, H$ëMS>© goëg H$m Q´>mÝgßbm§Q>oeZ, E{Z‘bgoëg Ho$ bmO© ñHo$b àmoS>³eZ Ho$ {bE ~m¶mo[aE³Q>g©&
4Fermentation Technology, Primary and Secondary Screening, Strain Improvement,Inoculum Development, Industrial Sterilization Process, Scale-up and Harvest andRecovery.Types of fermentation: Batch, continuous, fed batch process, submerged and solidstate fermentation process, Basic design of a fermentor and factors affecting fermen-tor design.Types of fermentors: Fluidized, Packed bed, Air lift fermentor, Tray fermentor andTower fermentor.’$‘}ÝQ>oeZ Q>o³Zmobm°Or, àm¶‘ar VWm goH$ÊS>ar ñH«$sqZJ, ñQ>́oZ Båàyd‘|Q>, BZm°³¶yb‘ S>odbn‘|Q>, BÊS>pñQ´>¶bñQ>o[abmBOoeZ àmogog, ñHo$b An VWm hmd}ñQ> d [aH$dar&’$‘}ÝQ>oeZ Ho$ àH$ma: ~oM, H§${Q>ݶyAg, ’o$S> ~oM àmogog, g~‘ÁS>© VWm gm°{bS> ñQ>oQ> ’$‘}ÝQ>oeZ, àmogog, ’$‘}ÝQ>aH$s ~o{gH$ {S>OmBZ VWm ’$‘}ÝQ>a H$s {S>OmBZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$&’$‘}ÝQ>g© Ho$ àH$ma: âbyS>mBÁS>, n¡³S> ~oS>, E¶a {bâQ> ’$‘}ÝQ>a, Q´>o ’$‘}ÝQ>a VWm Q>m°da ’$‘}ÝQ>a&
5Environment: Basic Concept, Significance, Public awareness, Environmental pollu-tion, Assessment of water quality, Treatment of waste: water-Primary, Secondaryand Tertiary Treatment. Solid waste management (Composting, vermicomposting,methane production).Biopesticides: Bacterial and Fungal, Genetically modified crops, Biofertilizers, Nitro-gen fixers, PSB, Mycorrhiza and VAM, Microbial leaching, Microbial Enhanced OilRecovery, Bioremediation and Biodeterioration. Modern fuels. Methanogenic bacte-ria and biogas, microbial hydrogen production.EÝdm¶Z©‘|Q>… ‘yb^yV g§H$ënZm, ‘hÎd, OZ OmJê$H$Vm, n¶m©daU àXÿfU, Ob H$s JwUdÎmm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z, doñQ>dm°Q>a H$m CnMma: àmW{‘H$, {ÛVr¶H$ VWm V¥Vr¶H$ CnMma& gm°{bS> doñQ> ‘¡ZoO‘|Q> (H$ånmopñQ>¨J, d{‘©-H$ånmopñQ>§J, ‘rWoZ àmoS>³eZ)&
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~m¶monopñQ>gmBS²>g: ~¡³Q>r[a¶b VWm ’§$Jb, OoZo{Q>H$br ‘mo{S>’$mBS> H«$m°ßg, ~m¶mo’${Q>©bmBOg©, ZmBQ>́moOZ {’$³gg©,PSB, ‘mBH$moamBOm VWm VAM, ‘mBH«$mo{~¶b brqMJ, ‘mBH«$mo{~¶b EÝh|ñS> Am°Bb [aH$dar, ~m¶mo[a‘r{S>EeZVWm ~m¶mo{S>Q>o[aAmoaoeZ& ‘m°S>Z© â¶yëg, {‘WoZmoOo{ZH$ ~¡³Q>r[a¶m VWm ~m¶moJ¡g, ‘mBH«$mo{~¶b hmBS>́moOZ àmoS>³eZ&
E1. Growth of plant tissue into undifferentiated mass of callus.
H¡$cg Ho$ A{d^m{OV ‘mg ‘| ßcm§Q> {Q>ew H$s J«moW&2. Preparation of animal cell culture media. / E{Z‘c goc H$ëMa ‘r{S>¶m H$s V¡¶mar&3. Separation and culture of lymphocyte from blood.
ãcS> go {cå’$mogmBQ> H$m n¥W³H$aU VWm H$ëMa&
4. Demonstration of fermentor. / ’$‘}ÝQ>a H$m àXe©Z&
5. Preparation of wine. / dmBZ V¡¶ma H$aZm&
6. Extraction of citric acid from Aspergillus. / Eñn{O©cg go gmB{Q´>H$ E{gS> H$m E³ñQ´>o³eZ&
7. Production of ethanol by yeast. / ¶rñQ> Ûmam BWoZm°c H$m àmoS>³eZ&
8. Demonstration of PCR. / PCR H$m àXe©Z&
9. Immobilization of microbial cells. / ‘mBH«$mo{~¶c goëg H$m B‘²‘mo{~cmBOoeZ&
10. Extraction and preparation of lactic acid. / cop³Q>H$ E{gS> H$m E³ñQ´>o³eZ VWm {ànaoeZ&
11. Extraction and preparation of citric acid. / gmB{Q´>H$ E{gS> H$m E³ñQ´>o³eZ VWm {ànaoeZ&12. Demonstration of Radial immuno diffusion analysis.
ao{S>¶c Bå¶yZmo {S>â¶yOZ EZm[c{gg H$m àXe©Z&13. Isolation of microorganism from polluted site/industrial waste.
àXÿ{fV ñWmZ/BÊS>pñQ>́¶c doñQ> go ‘mBH«$moAm°J}{ZÁåg H$m n¥W³H$aU&14. Blood group analysis. / ãcS> J«wn H$m EZm[c{gg&
15. Differential count of WBC. / WBC H$m {S>’$aopÝe¶c H$mCÊQ>&16. To examine flocculation reaction using VDRL test.
VDRL Q>oñQ> H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ âcm°³¶wcoeZ [aE³eZ H$m narjU H$aZm&17. To observe the agglutination reaction using WIDAL test.
WIDAL Q>oñQ> H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ E½cw{Q>ZoeZ [aE³eZ H$m AdcmoH$Z H$aZm&18. Determine the concentration of unknown antigen using Radial Immuno Diffusion
technique. / ao{S>¶b Bå¶yZmo {S>â¶yOZ VH$ZrH$ H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ AkmV H$s gm§ÐVm {ZYm©[aV H$aZm&
ZmoQ>: CÀM {ejm {d^mJ Ûmam AZwg§{eV Biotechnology Ho I, II Paper Ho$ àopŠQ>H$b (List of Practicals){bñQ> _| go Omo àopŠQ>H$b Paper I go g§~§{YV h¡ dh Paper I H$s Book _| em{_b H$a aho h¢ Ed§ Omo Paper IIgo g§~§{YV h¡ dh Paper II _| em{_b H$a aho h¢& Bg Vah nyao àopŠQ>H$b em{_b hmo aho h¢&
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FOOD MICROBIOLOGY / ’y$S> ‘mBH«$mo~m¶mocm°Or
Q.1. Write a short note on Food Microbiology.’y$S> ‘mBH«$mo~m¶mocm°Or na g§{já {Q>ßnUr {c{IE&
MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION & SPOILAGE / ‘mBH«$mo{~¶c H§$Q>o{‘ZoeZ VWm ñnm°BcoO
Q.2. What is Microbial Contamination? / ‘mBH«$mo{~¶c H§$Q>o{‘ZoeZ ³¶m h¡?OR
Explain types of microbial contamination. / ‘mBH«$mo{~¶c H§$Q>o{‘ZoeZ Ho$ àH$mam| H$mo g‘PmB¶o&
Q.3. Give the name of some microorganisms which are responsible for food poi-soning and food borne diseases. / Hw$N> ‘mBH«$moAm°J}{ZÁåg Ho$ Zm‘ Xr{OE Omo ’y$S> nm°BOqZJVWm ’y$S> ~m°Z© {S>grO Ho$ {cE CÎmaXm¶r h¢&
Q.4. What is food spoilage? / ’y$S> ñnm°BcoO ³¶m h¡?OR
Write a note on food spoilage. / ’y$S> ñnm°BcoO na {Q>ßnUr {c{IE&
Q.5. What are food borne diseases? / ’y$S> ~m°Z© {S>grOog ³¶m h¢?
FOOD PRESERVATION / ’y$S> {àOd}eZ
Q.6. Write an essay on food preservation method. / ’y$S> {àOd}eZ ‘oWS> na {Z~§Y {c{IE&
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF ETHYL ALCOHOLBWmBc EëH$mohc H$m BÊS>pñQ´>¶c àmoS>³eZ
Q.7. Explain the industrial production of ethyl alcohol.BWmBc EëH$mohc Ho$ BÊS>pñQ>́¶c àmoS>³eZ H$mo g‘PmBE&
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INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF PENICILLIN / no{Z{g{cZ H$m BÊS>pñQ>́¶c àmoS>³eZ
Q.8. Describe the process of penicillin production.no{Z{g{cZ àmoS>³eZ H$s à{H«$¶m H$m dU©Z H$s{OE&
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF CYANOCOBALAMINgmBZmoH$mo~mcm{‘Z H$m BÊS>pñQ>́¶c àmoS>³eZ
Q.9. Explain the industrial production of Cyanocobalamin.gmBZmoH$mo~mcm{‘Z H$m BÊS>pñQ´>¶c àmoS>³eZ g‘PmBE&
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF GLUTAMIC ACID½cyQ>m{‘H$ E{gS> H$m BÊS>pñQ´>¶c àmoS>³eZ
Q.10. Write an essay on production of glutamic acid.½cyQ>m{‘H$ E{gS> Ho$ àmoS>³eZ na EH$ {Z~§Y {c{IE&
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF CITRIC ACID / gmB{Q>́H$ E{gS> H$m BÊS>pñQ´>¶c àmoS>³eZQ.11. Describe the industrial production of citric acid.
gmB{Q´>H$ E{gS> Ho$ BÊS>pñQ´>¶c àmoS>³eZ H$m dU©Z H$s{OE&OR
Give the different processes of citric acid production.gmB{Q´>H$ E{gS> àmoS>³eZ H$s {d{^Þ àmogog Xr{OE&
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF AMYLASE / E‘mBcoO H$m BÊS>pñQ´>¶c àmoS>³eZ
Q.12. Write an essay on industrial production of amylase.E‘mBcoO Ho$ BÊS>pñQ´>¶c àmoS>³eZ na {Z~§Y {c{IE&
ORDescribe the production of amylase enzyme by fermentation process.’$‘}ÝQ>oeZ àmogog Ûmam E‘mBcoO EÝOmB‘ Ho$ àmoS>³eZ H$m dU©Z H$s{OE&
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF PROTEASEàmoQ>rEO H$m BÊSpñQ´>¶c àmoS>³eZ
Q.13. Write a note on industrial production of protease.àmoQ>rEO Ho$ BÊS>pñQ´>¶c àmoS>³eZ na {Q>ßnUr {c{IE&
Q.14. What is the basis for using microorganisms in a manufacturing industry?‘mBH«$moAm°J}{ZÁåg H$mo ‘¡Ý`y’o$³M[a¨J BÊS>ñQ´>r ‘| Cn¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ {cE ³¶m AmYma h¡?
Short Answer Type Questions ............................................................................ 64
Long Answer Type Questions.............................................................................. 64
Objective Type Questions ...................................................................................... 64
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2INTRODUCTION TO PLANT TISSUE CULTURE / ßcm§Q> {Q>ew H$ëMa H$m n[aM¶
Q.15. Explain the general introduction to plant tissue culture.ßcm§Q> {Q>ew H$ëMa H$m gm‘mݶ n[aM¶ g‘PmBE&
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN PLANT TISSUE CULTUREßcm§Q> {Q>ew H$ëMa ‘| ݶy{Q´>eZc Amdí¶H$VmE±
Q.16. Explain nutritional requirements in plant tissue culture.ßcm§Q> {Q>ew H$ëMa ‘| ݶy{Q´>eZc Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo g‘PmBE&
MEDIA COMPOSITION / ‘r{S>¶m H$ånmo{OeZ
Q.17. Give the media composition for plant tissue culture.ßcm§Q> {Q>ew H$ëMa Ho$ {cE ‘r{S>¶m H$m H$ånmo{OeZ Xr{OE&
ORWrite a note on composition of some plant tissue culture media.Hw$N> ßcm§Q> {Q>ew H$ëMa ‘r{S>¶m Ho$ H$ånmo{OeZ na {Q>ßnUr {c{IE&
MEDIA PREPARATION / ‘r{S>¶m {ànaoeZ
Q.18. Write a note on media preparation for plant tissue culture.ßcm§Q> {Q>ew H$ëMa Ho$ {cE ‘r{S>¶m {ànaoeZ na {Q>ßnUr {c{IE&
INVITRO CULTURE / BZ{dQ´>mo H$ëMa
Q.19. Write a note on Invitro culture. / BZ{dQ´>mo H$ëMa na {Q>ßnUr {c{IE&OR
Explain steps in Invitro culture. / BZ{dQ´>mo H$ëMa H$s ñQ>oßg g‘PmBE&
SINGLE CELL CULTURE / qgJc goc H$ëMa
Q.20. Write an essay on single cell culture. / qgJc goc H$ëMa na {Z~§Y {c{IE&OR
Describe the techniques used for single cell culture.qgJc goc H$ëMa Ho$ {cE Cn¶moJ hmoZo dmcr VH$ZrH$m| H$m dU©Z H$s{OE&
ANTHER AND OVULE CULTURE / E§Wa VWm Amoì`yb H$ëMa
Q.21. What is Anther Culture and Ovule Culture. / E§Wa H$ëMa VWm Amoì`yb H$ëMa ³¶m h¡?
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SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS / gmo‘o{Q>H$ Epå~«¶mo[OZo{gg
Q.22. What is somatic embryogenesis? / gmo‘o{Q>H$ Epå~«¶mo[OZo{gg ³¶m h¡?
ORGANOGENESIS / Am°J}Zmo[OZo{gg
Q.23. Describe organogenesis and their importance.Am°J}Zmo[OZo{gg VWm BgHo$ ‘hÎd H$m dU©Z H$s{OE&
PROTOPLAST CULTURE AND SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATIONàmoQ>moßcmñQ> H$ëMa VWm gmo‘o{Q>H$ hmB{~«S>mBOoeZ
Q.24. Write a note on protoplast culture. / àmoQ>moßcmñQ> H$ëMa na {Q>ßnUr {c{IE&OR
Explain somatic Hybridization in plants. / ßcm§Q²>g ‘| gmo‘o{Q>H$ hmB{~«S>mBOoeZ g‘PmBE&
GENETIC MANIPULATION OF PLANTS / ßcm§Q²>g H$m OoZo{Q>H$ ‘o{ZnwcoeZ
Q.25. Describe genetic manipulation of plants.ßcm§Q²>g Ho$ OoZo{Q>H$ ‘o{ZnwcoeZ H$m dU©Z H$s{OE&
Short Answer Type Questions ............................................................................ 110
Long Answer Type Questions.............................................................................. 110
Objective Type Questions ...................................................................................... 110
3IMMUNITY / Bå¶y{ZQ>r
Q.26. What is immunity? Explain the classification of immunity.Bå¶y{ZQ>r ³¶m h¡& Bå¶y{ZQ>r H$m dJuH$aU g‘PmBE&
HOST DEFENSE MECHANISM / hmoñQ> {S>’|$g ‘oH¡${ZÁ‘
Q.27. Describe briefly the host defense mechanism.hmoñQ> {S>’|$g ‘oH¡${ZÁ‘ H$m {dñV¥V dU©Z H$s{OE&
INFECTION AND ITS TYPES / B§’o$³eZ VWm BgHo$ àH$ma
Q.28. What do you mean by infection? / B§’o$³eZ go Amn ³¶m g‘PVo h¢?OR
Write a note on infection and its types. / B§’o$³eZ VWm BgHo$ àH$mam| na {Q>ßnUr {b{IE&
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ORGANS AND CELLS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM / Bå¶yZ {gñQ>‘ Ho$ Am°J©Ýg VWm goëgQ.29. Explain the immune system along with its respective organs.
Bå¶yZ {gñQ>‘ H$mo BgHo$ g§~§{YV Am°J©Ýg Ho$ gmW g‘PmBE&
VACCINES AND ITS TYPES / d¡³grÝg VWm BgHo$ àH$ma
Q.30. What do you mean by Vaccines? / d¡³grÝg go Amn ³¶m g‘PVo h¢?
ANTIGENS- PROPERTIES AND TYPES / EÊQ>rOÝg Ho$ JwU VWm àH$ma
Q.31. Write a note on Antigens. / EÊQ>rOÝg na {Q>ßnUr {b{IE&
ADJUVANTS / ES>Á`wd¡ÝQ²>g
Q.32. Write a short note on Adjuvants. / ES>Á`wd¡ÝQ²>g na {Q>ßnUr {c{IEŸ&
IMMUNOGLOBULINS / Bå¶yZmo½bmoã¶y{bÝgQ.33. What are immunoglobulins? Describe its structure and its types.
Bå¶yZmo½bmoã¶y{bÝg ³¶m h¢? BgHo$ ñQ´>³Ma VWm àH$mam| H$m dU©Z H$s{OE&
GENERATION OF ANTIBODIES / EÊQ>r~m°S>rO H$s OZaoeZQ.34. Describe Mechanism of Generation of Antibody.
EÊQ>r~m°S>r Ho$ ~ZZo H$s à{H«$`m H$m CëboI H$s{OEŸ&
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSEàm¶‘ar VWm goH$ÊS>ar Bå`yZ [añnm°Ýg
Q.35. Explain primary and secondary immune responses.àmW{_H$ VWm {ÛVr`H$ Bå`yZ [añnm°Ýgog H$m dU©Z H$s{OEŸ&
AGGLUTINATION AND PRECIPITATION REACTIONSE½by{Q>ZoeZ VWm ào{g{nQ>oeZ [aE³eÝg
Q.36. Explain the agglutination and precipitation reaction.E½by{Q>ZoeZ VWm ào{g{nQ>oeZ [aE³eZ g‘PmBE&
ANIMAL CELL CULTURE / E{Z‘b gob H$ëMa
Q.37. Write a note on history of animal cell culture.E{Z‘b gob H$ëMa Ho$ B{Vhmg na {Q>ßnUr {b{IE&
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENT AND GROWTH CURVE{’${OH$b AmdíH$VmE± VWm J«moW H$d©
Q.38. What are the physical requirements for animal cell culture?E{Z‘b gob H$ëMa Ho$ {bE {’${OH$b Amdí¶H$VmE± ³¶m h¢?
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CELL LINES / gob bmBÝg
Q.39. Describe characteristics of commonly used Cell Lines.gmYmaU ê$n go H$m_ _| AmZo dmbr gob-bmBÝg Ho$ character H$m dU©Z H$s{OEŸ&
DIFFERENTIATION OF CELLS / goëg H$m {d^oXrH$aU
Q.40. Explain differentiation of cells. / H$mo{eH$m {d^oXrH$aU H$mo g_PmB`oŸ&
ORGAN CULTURE / Am°J©Z H$ëMa
Q.41. What is Organ Culture? How is it done?Am°J©Z H$ëMa Š`m h¡? `h H¡$go {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ?
TRANSFECTION AND CELL FUSION / Q´>m§g’o$³eZ VWm gob â¶yOZ
Q.42. What do you mean by transfection of animal cells?E{Z‘b goëg Ho$ Q´>m§g’o$³eZ Ûmam Amn ³¶m g‘PVo h¢?
SELECTABLE MARKERS AND HAT SELECTION / {gbo³Q>o~b ‘mH©$a VWm HAT {gbo³eZ
Q.43. Write short notes on: / bKw {Q>ßnUr {b{IE:(a) Selectable markers / M`{ZV _mH©$a (b) HAT selection / HAT {gboŠeZ
TRANSGENIC ANIMALS / Q́>m§gOo{ZH$ E{Z‘ëg
Q.44. Write a note on transgenic animals. / Q´>m§gOo{ZH$ E{Z‘ëg na {Q>ßnUr {b{IE&
STEM CELL CULTURE / ñQ>o‘ gob H$ëMa
Q.45. Write a note on stem cell culture. / ñQ>o‘ gob H$ëMa na {Q>ßnUr {b{IE&
TRANSPLANTATION OF CULTURED CELLS / H$ëMS>© goëg H$m Q>́m§gßbm§Q>oeZ
Q.46. Write a short note on: Transplantation of cultured cells.bKw {Q>ßnUr {b{IE… g§d{Y©V H$mo{eH$mAm| H$m à˶mamonU&
BIOREACTORS / ~m¶mo[aE³Q>g©
Q.47. Write a note on large scale production of animal cell culture.OÝVw H$mo{eH$m g§dY©Z Ho$ ~‹S>o n¡_mZo na CËnmXZ à{H«$`m na bKw {Q>ßnUr {b{IEŸ&
Short Answer Type Questions ............................................................................ 230
Long Answer Type Questions.............................................................................. 230
Objective Type Questions ...................................................................................... 230
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4PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCREENING / àm¶‘ar VWm goH$ÊS>ar ñH«$sqZJ
Q.48. What is fermentation? / ’$‘}ÝQ>oeZ ³¶m h¡?
STRAIN IMPROVEMENT / ñQ>́oZ Båàyd‘|Q>
Q.49. What is the strain improvement? / ñQ´>oZ H$m gwYma Š`m h¡?
INOCULUM DEVELOPMENT / BZm°Š`yb_ {dH$mg
Q.50. Write a short note on inoculum development.BZm°Š`yb_ {dH$mg na EH$ {Q>ßnUr {b{IE&
INDUSTRIAL STERILIZATION PROCESS / BÊS>pñQ´>¶b ñQ>o[abmBOoeZ àmogog
Q.51. Give the process of sterilization of fermentor, media and air.\$_}ÊQ>a, _mÜ`_ VWm dm`w Ho$ ñQ>o[abmBOoeZ H$s à{H«$`m ~VmB`oŸ&
SCALE-UP OF FERMENTATION PROCESS / ’$‘}ÝQ>oeZ à{H«$`m H$m ñHo$b-An
Q.52. Write a short note on optimization and scale-up of industrial fermentation.Am¡Úmo{JH$ ’$‘}ÝQ>oeZ Ho$ Am°pßQ>_mBOoeZ VWm ñHo$b-An na EH$ {Q>ßnUr {b{IEŸ&
HARVESTING AND PRODUCT RECOVERY / hmd}pñQ>¨J VWm CËnmX H$s nwZ… àm{á
Q.53. What do you mean by down stream processing?S>mCZ ñQ´>r_ àUmbr (ZrMo H$s Amoa àdmh) go AmnH$m Š`m VmËn`© h¡?
TYPES OF FERMENTATION PROCESSES / \$_}ÝQ>oeZ à{H«$`mAm| Ho$ àH$ma
Q.54. What are the various types of cultivation or fermentation processes?{d{^Þ àH$ma H$s H$ëQ>rdoeZ `m ’$‘}ÝQ>oeZ à{H«$`mE§ Š`m h¢?
FERMENTOR DESIGN / ’$‘}ÝQ>a {S>OmBZ
Q.55. Write an essay on basic design of fermentor.’$‘}ÝQ>a H$s ~o{gH$ {S>OmBZ na {Z~§Y {b{IE&
TYPES OF FERMENTORS / ’$‘}ÝQ>g© Ho$ àH$ma
Q.56. Write an essay on types of fermentors. / ’$‘}ÝQ>g© Ho$ àH$mam| na {Z~§Y {b{IE&
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Short Answer Type Questions............................................................................. 280
Long Answer Type Questions.............................................................................. 280
Objective Type Questions ...................................................................................... 280
5BASIC CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE / ‘yb^yV g§H$ënZm VWm ‘hÎd
Q.57. Write a note on basic concept of environment.n¶m©daU H$s ‘yb^yV g§H$ënZm na {Q>ßnUr {b{IE&
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND PUBLIC AWARENESSn¶m©daU àXÿfU VWm OZ OmJê$H$Vm
Q.58. What do you mean by Environmental pollution?n¶m©daU àXÿfU go AmnH$m ³¶m Ame¶ h¡?
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY/ Ob H$s JwUdËVm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z
Q.59. Write an essay on assessment of water quality.Ob H$s JwUdÎmm Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z na {Q>ßnUr {b{IE&
TREATMENT OF WASTE-WATER/ doñQ> dm°Q>a H$m CnMma
Q.60. Explain how are the primary, secondary and tertiary treatments of waste wa-ter accomplished?doñQ> dm°Q>a H$m àmW[‘H$, {ÛVr¶H$ VWm V¥Vr¶H$ CnMma H¡$go nyU© {H$¶m OmVm h¡? g‘PmBE&
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT/ gm°{bS> doñQ> ‘¡ZoO‘|Q>
Q.61. Write an essay on Solid-waste management.gm°{bS> doñQ> ‘¡ZoO‘|Q> na {Z~§Y {b{IE&
BIOPESTICIDES/ ~m¶monopñQ>gmBS²>g
Q.62. What are the Biopesticides?/ ~m¶monopñQ>gmBS²>g ³¶m h¢?
GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS/ OoZo{Q>H$br ‘mo{S>’$mBS> H«$m°ßg
Q.63. What is genetically modified crops? / OoZo{Q>H$br ‘mo{S>’$mBS> H«$m°ßg ³¶m h¢?
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BIOFERTILIZERS/ ~m¶mo’${Q>©bmBOg©
Q.64. What are the Biofertilizers? How one can use nitrogen fixing microbes asbiofertilizers? / ~m¶mo’${Q>©bmBOg© ³¶m h¢? ZmBQ>́moOZ {’$p³gJ̈ ‘mBH«$moãg H$mo ~m¶mo’${Q>©bmBOg©Ho$ ê$n ‘| H¡$go Cn¶moJ H$a gH$Vo h¢?
MICROBIAL LEACHING/ ‘mBH«$mo{~¶b brqMJ
Q.65. Write briefly on Microbial Leaching of Copper and Uranium.H$m°na Ed§ `yao{Z`_ H$s gyú_Ordm| Ûmam crqMJ na g§{jßV _| {b{IEŸ&
MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY/ ‘mBH«$mo{~¶b EÝh|ñS> Am°Bb [aH$dar
Q.66. Write briefly on MEOR./ MEOR na g§{jßV {Q>nßUr {b{IEŸ&
BIOREMEDIATION AND BIODETERIORATION/ ~m¶mo[a‘r{S>EeZ VWm ~m¶mo{S>Q>r[aAmoaoeZ
Q.67. Write a short note on Bioremediation./ ~m`moao_o{S>EeZ na g§{jßV {Q>ßnUr {c{IEŸ&
Q.68. Explain the Biodeterioration of following products:{ZåZ CËnmXm| Ho$ O¡{dH$ {dZme H$mo d{U©V H$s{OEŸ&(a) Petroleum products/ noQ´>mo{b`_ CËnmX (b) Leather/ boXa(c) Textile/ Q>oŠgQ>mBb (d) Paper/ nona
MODERN FUELS/ ‘m°S>Z© â¶yëg
Q.69. Write a short note on Methanogenic Bacteria.{_WoZmoO¡{ZH$ ~¡³Q>r[a`m na g§{jßV {Q>ßnUr {c{IEŸ&
MICROBIAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION/ ‘mBH«$mo{~¶b hmBS>́moOZ àmoS>³eZ
Q.70. Write a short note on Microbial Hydrogen Production._mBH«$mo{~`b hmBS´>moOZ àmoS>ŠeZ na {Q>ßnUr {b{IEŸ&
Short Answer Type Questions ............................................................................ 390
Long Answer Type Questions.............................................................................. 390
Objective Type Questions ...................................................................................... 390
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