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Rosalie Forest Eco Lodge
ECOFEST 2009
Introduction to Biogas, May 4th
, 2009
Presented by
Vincent Martineau
Jessica Worley
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Who We Are
Vincent Martineau, B.Eng Bioresource
Focused on sustainable technologies, water management and landdevelopment.
Jessica Worley, B.Eng Civil and Applied Mechanics
Specialty in geoenvironmental engineering and water resource
management.
Obtained biogas experience in Barbados during the Fall of 2007
Design and Construction of a BiOdigester
NativeSun NRG & Bellairs Research Institute
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Overview
Goals & Objectives
Anaerobic Digestion
Biodigesters
Biogas
Design Specifications
Recommendations
Source: www.knowledgepublications.com
Source: www.knowledgepublications.com
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Goal
Design and construction of a biodigester to producebiogas
Objectives
Create a source of fuel for cooking;
Provide a fertilizer from the digested waste;and
Improve health conditions by isolating wastesin a sealed container to reduce airbornepathogens from raw manure.
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What is a Biodigester?
A device that mimics the natural decay process of organic matter
Biogas is produced from anaerobic decay (decay that occurs withoutoxygen)
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Biogas: Green Energy
50-70% methane;
30-40% carbon dioxide;
Insignificant amounts of oxygen and hydrogensulfide (H2S).
Biogas burns without soot or ash being produced
Methane is a combustible gas
Biogas will be used to generate energy for thecooking needs here at Rosalie Forest Eco Lodge
(plascoenergygroup)
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History of Biogas
One of the oldest forms of renewable energy
Marco Polo mentioned the use of the technology.Probably goes back 2000-3000 years ago in ancientChinese literature
The earliest evidence of use in Assyria (10thcentury BC)
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History of Biogas
Jan Baptita Van Helmont determined in1630 that flammable gases could evolve
from decaying organic matter.
Anaerobic digestion first described byBenjamin Franklin 1764.
Count Alessandro Volta in 1776 found acorrelation between amount of decaying
organic matter and amount of flammablegas produced.
In 1808, Sir Humphrey Davy determinedthat methane was present in the decayprocess.
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History of Biogas Contd
First digestion plant was built in 1859 in Bombay, India for a lepercolony
Exeter, England, in 1895: biogas used to power street lamps
1920s and 30s interest in anaerobic digestion increased
Interest in Biogas has been cyclical
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Examples of Digesters Around the World
Costa Rica
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Digesters Around the World (contd)
India (ART
I)
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Digesters Around the World (contd)
United States Princeton, MinnesotaPrinceton, Minnesota
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Digesters Around the World (contd)
KVIC Digester(used in India and China)
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PrototypeWork log of what we did
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Design Advantages
Reduction in scum accumulationTemperature Control
Ease of operation
Durable
Small footprint
Low cost
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What Type of Waste Produces Biogas?
Any organic waste can produce biogas
Human, manure, fruit and vegetable waste
What Type ofWaste Does NOT Produces Biogas?
Fiber rich waste such as wood, leaves, etc. are difficult to digest
Heavy metals
Inorganic materials in high concentration (Nitrate, Sodium, Sulphate,Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, etc)
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How Much Biogas Can I Get From My Waste?
Amount of biogas depends on the waste itself and design of thedigester.
Some digesters can yield 20 liters of biogas per kilogram of waste up to
800 liters per kilogram.
Factors: waste quality, digester design, temperature, system operation,presence of oxygen.
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How Much Energy is in Biogas?
Average fuel value of methane = 1000 BTU/ft3
Average fuel value of propane = 2500 BTU/ft3
1 BTU/ft3 = 37.2589 KJ/m3
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How Much Energy is in Biogas?
Therefore, using the SI system, Fuel Value units:
FV methane = 1000 * 37.2589 KJ/m3 = 37258.9 KJ/m3
FV propane = 2500 * 37.2589 KJ/m3 = 93147.3 KJ/m3
FV propane / FV methane = 2.5
When both fuels are burned completely, propane produces 2.5 timesmore energy per unit of volume.
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How Much Biogas Do I Need?
For Example: We want 40 lbs of propane-equivalent per week.
Biogas is 50-70% methane, 30-50% CO2 and 5-15% N2, H2, etc.
40 lbs propane * 2.5 = 100 lbs of methane
100 lbs of methane / 60% = 166.67 lbs of biogas
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Specifications
Input: 1 kg of donkey manure, 1 kg of food waste and 15 liters of water
Volume of tank: 55 US gal (~208.2 litres, ~0.208 cubic meter)
Assuming:
Total Solids (TS) ~15%
Volatile Solids (VS) ~70%
Hydraulic Retention Time: 10 days
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How to calculate Organic Loading Rate (OLR)
OLR = kg VS added / day / m3 reactor
OLR = Manure * TS% * VS% / Volume
Organic Loading Rate: 2.02 kg VS added / day / m3 reactor
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How much money did we just save?
Methane production estimated at XXX m3/day (equivalent to XXX kg ofpropane/day)
Economic gain of about XXX $/year if fully used
Low Cost of construction: ~250 $EC
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Obstacles
Economic: Keeping itinexpensive
Time
Equipment: Limited
Weather: When it rains, itpours!
Problem Solving
Recycled materials
Have friends around
Borrow and buy
Work in-between theshowers!
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Implementation Plan
Research of existing technology and systems
Inventory of resources
Budget
Design
Construction
Testing
Cook!
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www.journeytoforever.org
www.anaerobic-digestion.com/index.php
www.biogas.psu.edu
www.arti-india.org/content/view/12/28
www.ruralcostarica.com/biogas.html
http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0541e/T0541E00.htm#Contents
Resources
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