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Bioenergetics and Oxidative
Phosphorylation
DENTAL BIOCHEMISTRY COURSE
CARLOS M. BASILIO, M.D. 2012-13
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Laws of Thermodynamics The first law is the principle of the conservation of energy: “for any physical or chemical change, the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant”. The second law says that the universe always tends toward increasing disorder: “in all natural processes, the entropy of the universe increases”.
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Gibbs free energy, G:
Expresses the amount of energy capable of doing work during a
reaction at constant temperature and pressure
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Enthalpy, H:
Is the heat content of the reacting system. It reflects the number and
kinds of chemical bonds in the reactants and products.
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Entropy, S:
Is a quantitative expression for the randomness or disorder in a system
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Variations of Reaction Spontaneity (Sign of ΔG) with the signs of ΔH and ΔS ΔH ΔS ΔG = ΔH - TΔS ________________________________________ - + Spontaneous (exergonic) - - Spontaneous below T= ΔH/ΔS + + Spontaneous above T= ΔH/ΔS + - Unspontaneous (endergonic)
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ΔG=ΔG0’ + RT ln
ΔG= 0 =ΔG0’ + RT ln
BA
BA
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ΔG0’= - RT ln Keq
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