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Essentials of Anatomy and PhysiologyEssentials of Anatomy and Physiology
Fifth editionFifth edition
Seeley, Stephens and TateSeeley, Stephens and Tate
Slide 2.1Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Chapter 5: Integumentary System
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Skin and Body MembranesSkin and Body Membranes
Slide 4.1Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Function of body membranes
•Line or coer body surfaces
•Protect body surfaces
•Lubricate body surfaces
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!lassification of Body Membranes!lassification of Body Membranes
Slide 4.2Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Epithelial membranes
•!utaneous membrane•Mucous membrane
•Serous membrane
• !onnectie tissue membranes
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!utaneous Membrane!utaneous Membrane
Slide 4.3Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• !utaneous membrane " skin
• A dry membrane
• #utermost protectie boundary
• Superficial epidermis
• $eratini%ed stratifieds&uamous epithelium
• 'nderlying dermis• Mostly dense
connectie tissueFigure ()*a
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Mucous MembranesMucous Membranes
Slide 4.4Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Surface epithelium
• 'nderlying loose !)T)+lamina propria
• Lines body caitiesthat open to thee-terior
• Function in absorptionor secretion
Figure ()*b
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Serous MembranesSerous Membranes
Slide 4.5 Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Surface. simples&uamous epithelium
• 'nderlying loose !)T)
• Lines body caities thatare closed
• Serous layers separated
by serous fluid
Figure ()*c
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Serous MembranesSerous Membranes
Slide 4.6Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Specific serous membranes
•Peritoneum
• Abdominal
caity
•Pleura
• Around thelungs
•Pericardium
• Around theheart
Figure ()*d
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!onnectie Tissue Membrane!onnectie Tissue Membrane
Slide 4.7 Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Synoial membrane
•!onnectie tissueonly
•Lines fibrous
capsulessurrounding /oints
Figure ()0
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1ntegumentary System1ntegumentary System
Slide 4.8Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Skin +cutaneous membrane
• Skin deriaties
•S2eat glands
•#il glands
•3airs
•4ails
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Skin FunctionsSkin Functions
Slide 4.9aCopyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Protects deeper tissues from.
•Mechanical damage
•!hemical damage
•Bacterial damage
•
Thermal damage•'ltraiolet radiation
•5esiccation
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Skin FunctionsSkin Functions
Slide 4.9bCopyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Aids in heat regulation
• Aids in e-cretion of urea and uric acid
• Synthesi%es itamin 5
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Skin StructureSkin Structure
Slide 4.10aCopyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Epidermis 6 outer layer
•Stratified s&uamous epithelium
•#ften keratini%ed +hardened by keratin
• 5ermis
•5ense irregular connectie tissue
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Skin StructureSkin Structure
Slide 4.13bCopyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure ()(
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Skin StructureSkin Structure
Slide 4.10bCopyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• 5eep to dermis is the hypodermis
•4ot 7part8 of the skin
•Termed 7subcutaneous tissue8
• Anchors skin to underlying organs
•!omposed mostly of adipose tissue
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Skin StructureSkin Structure
Slide 4.13bCopyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure ()(
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5ermis5ermis
Slide 4.13aCopyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• T2o layers•Papillary layer
• Pro/ections called dermal papillae
• Pain receptors
• !apillary loops
•9eticular layer
• Blood essels
• :lands
• 4ere receptors
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Skin StructureSkin Structure
Slide 4.13bCopyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure ()(
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4ormal Skin !olor 5eterminants4ormal Skin !olor 5eterminants
Slide 4.14Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
•Melanin•;ello2, bro2n or black pigments
• Produced by melanocytes
• !arotene
•#range
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4ormal Skin !olor 5eterminants4ormal Skin !olor 5eterminants
Slide 4.14Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• 3emoglobin
•9ed coloring from blood cells in dermis
capillaries
•#-ygen content determines the e-tent of redcoloring
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Appendages of the Skin Appendages of the Skin
Slide 4.15 Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Sebaceous glands
•Produce oil
•Most 2ith ducts that empty into hair follicles
•:lands are actiated at puberty
• S2eat glands
•=idely distributed in skin
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Skin StructureSkin Structure
Slide 4.13bCopyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure ()(
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S2eat and 1ts FunctionS2eat and 1ts Function
Slide 4.17 Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Composition•Mostly 2ater
•Some metabolic 2aste
Function
> 3elps dissipate e-cess heat> E-cretes 2aste products
> Lo2 p3 inhibits bacterial gro2th
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3air Structures3air Structures
Slide 4.20Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• 3air follicle
•5ermal and epidermalsheath surround hair root
• Arrector pilli
•Smooth muscle
• Sebaceous gland
• S2eat glandFigure ()?a
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Skin 3omeostatic 1mbalances. F;1Skin 3omeostatic 1mbalances. F;1
Slide 4.23Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• 1nfections
• Athletes foot
•!aused by fungal infection
•Boils and carbuncles
•!aused by bacterial infection
•!old sores
•!aused by irus
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Skin 3omeostatic 1mbalances. F;1Skin 3omeostatic 1mbalances. F;1
Slide 4.24Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• 1nfections and allergies
•!ontact dermatitis
•
E-posures cause allergic reaction• 1mpetigo
•!aused by bacterial infection
•Psoriasis
•!ause is unkno2n
•Triggered by trauma, infection, stress
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Skin 3omeostatic 1mbalances. F;1Skin 3omeostatic 1mbalances. F;1
Slide 4.25 Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Burns
•Tissue damage and cell death caused by
heat, electricity, '@ radiation, or chemicals• Associated dangers
•5ehydration
•Electrolyte imbalance
•!irculatory shock
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Seerity of Burns. F;1Seerity of Burns. F;1
Slide 4.27 Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• First
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Skin !ancer. F;1Skin !ancer. F;1
Slide 4.29Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• !ancer 6 abnormal cell mass
• T2o types
•
Benign•5oes not spread +encapsulated
•Malignant
•Metastasi%ed +moes to other parts ofthe body
•Skin cancer is the most common type ofcancer
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Skin !ancer Types. F;1Skin !ancer Types. F;1
Slide 4.30Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Basal cell carcinoma•Least malignant
•Most common type
• S&uamous cell carcinoma
•Metastasi%es to lymph nodes
•Early remoal allo2s a good chance of cure
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Skin !ancer Types. F;1Skin !ancer Types. F;1
Slide 4.31Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Malignant melanoma
•Most deadly of skin cancers
•!ancer of melanocytes
•Metastasi%es rapidly to lymph and bloodessels
•5etection uses AB!5 rule
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AB!5 9ule. F;1 AB!5 9ule. F;1
Slide 4.32Copyright© 2003 Pearson Education Inc publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• A " Asymmetry•T2o sides of pigmented mole do not match
• B " Border irregularity
•Borders of mole are not smooth
• ! " !olor
•5ifferent colors in pigmented area
• 5 " 5iameter
•Spot is larger than mm in diameter