![Page 1: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction History evolution of bicycles Cycling as a sport and as an exercise
- Reference: Faria and Cavanagh. The physiology and biomechanics of cycling
- Muscles and movements- Physiological demands
Design objectives: - Distribute rider’s weight appropriately- Ensure transfer of power from rider to machine - Points of contact must fit the rider:
• handlebars• seat• pedals
![Page 2: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Anatomy of Diamond Frame
Important parts: Front triangle (tubes), rear triangle (stays), fork, lugs, bottom bracket, head tube
Types of bicycles: (1) Road bike (10-speed) - touring, racing, and sport; (2) mountain, or all-terrain; and (3) hybrid
![Page 3: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Other Frame Types; :Ladie’s Frame
Top tube is sloped considerably
![Page 4: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Design Features - Height Height of bottom bracket (bike’s center of
gravity)- Lower for more stability- Higher for more pedal clearance
Height measurements determine size of rider
Frame size - length of seat tube and top tube
![Page 5: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Design Features - Bike Length Wheelbase length - (Fig 12.6)
- Shorter for quicker response, longer for more stability (varies from 38 to 44 in)
Chainstay length- Shorter chainstays are used on racing bikes for more direct transfer of power
![Page 6: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Design Features: Frame Angles
Head tube - steeper for rougher ride, more efficient power transfer; shallower for handling ease and shock absorbing, but less responsive
Rake (amount of bend in fork blades) and trail affect steering stability. More trail equals more stability
![Page 7: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Design Features on Different Types of Bicycles
Road bicycles (10-speeds)- Touring, or comfort - long wheelbase, shallow
angles, fair amount of trail (21 speeds)- Racing - short wheelbase, steep angles, little trail(18 gears)- Sport/triathlon and cross bikes - in between (100
or more miles at high speed) Mountain, or all-terrain
- Fat, knobby tires, upright, sturdy frame, suspension systems
Hybrid - Cross between road and mountain
![Page 8: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Bicycles - Frame Materials Important characteristics are elasticity, stiffness, and strength (esp
st/wt ratio) Butted and splined tubing - thicker at ends than in the middle, with
ribs inside Steel - most widely used on cheaper bikes. Reliable, inexpensive,
durable, predictable in handling - but is relatively heavy Aluminum alloys - light, shock absorbent, comfortable. Newer
alloys have improved properties of stiffness and strength (e.g., zirconium on trek bikes (trekbikes.com)
Titanium alloys - stiff, strong, lighter, more shock absorbent - but is expensive hard to weld and hard to machine
Composites - greatest strength/wt & stiffness/wt ratio - but expensive, bonding problems. Used mainly in front fork and stays. May fail catastrophically in other areas of frame.
![Page 9: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Frame Materials used by Trek
![Page 10: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Schwinn Frame Technology
![Page 11: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TrekRacingFrame
![Page 12: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Schwinn Suspension Frame
![Page 13: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Trek Mountain Suspension Bike
![Page 14: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fisher Suspension Bike
![Page 15: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Recumbent Bikes
![Page 16: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tubing design and Construction Methods
•Laser mitering•Butted tubes – varying wall thickness•Splined tubes•Diameter and shape changes
•Lugs no longer used:
![Page 17: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Suspension systems
Front, rear, and seat Simple spring Air coil/springing systems
- Travel and stiffness may vary
![Page 18: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bicycle Accessories Drive Train -Crank, chainrings (front
driving cogs), freewheel, derailleurs (indexed and automatic shifting are recent innovations)
Shoes and pedals - clipless or with clips?
![Page 19: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Accessories (cont’d) Rims, tires, brakes
Saddles
Stems & handlebars
![Page 20: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Accessories (cont’d) Helmets
Gloves, shorts
![Page 21: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Websites on Bicycles
How to select a bicycle http://www.primusweb.com/fitnesspartner/library/equipment/equip.htm
Manufacturer’s websites- Trek- Schwinn- Specialized
![Page 22: Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n History evolution of bicycles History evolution of bicycles n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5a4d1afd7f8b9ab05998528a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Assignment for Thursday, 10/21
Go to one of the bicycle manufacturer’s websites (slide 23) and select a bicycle to suit your purposes
Read article on suspension systems and submit 2 questions for clarification or discussion