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SPE C l S ti O t b 2011SPE Calgary Section – October 2011
Best Practices for M lti I l ti U iMultizone Isolation Using
Composite PlugsComposite Plugs
D L h B k H hDoug Lehr, Baker Hughes
Based on SPE Paper 142744
Page 1 of 35
p
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Pl N P f M lti I l tiPlug N Perf – Multizone Isolation
E-LINESECOND CFP
GUNS FIRST CFP
SETTING TOOL
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B id Pl F PlBridge Plugs vs. Frac Plugs
A.K.A. “Flow
ThroughThrough Plug”
Page 3 of 35Bridge Plug Frac Plug
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Gl b l N dGlobal Need
Ne t Challenge International Uncon entional
Argentina Neuquen Basin 774 TCF
Next Challenge - International Unconventional
Argentina…Neuquen Basin…774 TCF
Australia Beetaloo Basin 23 TCFAustralia… Beetaloo Basin…23 TCF
Eastern Europe 50 basins 700 TCF?Eastern Europe…50 basins…700 TCF?
China Indonesia Russia CBM and shaleChina, Indonesia, Russia – CBM and shalePage 4 of 35
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T d ’ P t tiToday’s Presentation
Why Determine Best Practices?
M th d lMethodology
Selected Survey Resultsy
Selected Best Practices
Q & A
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D fi iti f B t P tiDefinition of Best Practice
A process or method…
Customary or routine…y
The highest probability of successThe highest probability of success
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Why Determine Best Practices?Why Determine Best Practices?
Optimal Process
C i t t
Risk Reduction
Optimal ProductConsistent Execution
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B t P ti M th d lBest Practices Methodology
PowerPower
Best PracticesBest Practices
Presenter’s Presenter’s ExpertiseExpertise
PowerPowerUsersUsers
ExperienceExperience
IndustryIndustryLiteratureLiterature
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Selected Survey ResultsSelected Survey Results
Table 1 Ratio of Positi e to Negati e ResponsesTable 1: Ratio of Positive-to-Negative Responses (P/N)
0 3 or less Very Strong Disagreement0.3 or less Very Strong Disagreement0.4 - 0.5 Strong Disagreement0 6 0 8 Mild Di tAgree/Disagree0.6 - 0.8 Mild Disagreement0.9 – 1.1 No Agreement
Agree/Disagree = (P/N) = Ratio
1.1 – 2.0 Mild Agreement2.1 - 3.0 Strong Agreement
3.1 or more Very Strong AgreementPage 9 of 35
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D fi iti & Abb i tiDefinitions & Abbreviations CP = Composite Plug
CFP = Composite Frac Plug (Flow Through)
Perf = Perforation
Stim = Stim lation or H dra lic Fract ringStim = Stimulation or Hydraulic Fracturing
CT = Coiled Tubingg
PnP = Plug and Perf
Page 10 of 35Power Users = Respondents in Industry Survey
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S l t d B t P tiSelected Best Practices
Prod ct Selection
Determining the Plug Pressure Requirement
Product Selection
g g q
Wellsite QA/QC
Wellbore Preparation
Perforating above the CP (Composite Plug)
Special Operational SituationsSpecial Operational SituationsPage 11 of 35
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Test Your PnP (Plug and Perf) Knowledge
…Trivia Question #1
Approximately how many composite plugs were run in the United States in calendar year 2010 ?
Is the answer…
B 100 000 140 000
A 60,000 – 80,000
B 100,000 – 140,000
C 160,000 – 200,000C 160,000 200,000
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Product Selection Criteria
Objective
feedback
Which Golf Ball do I Choose?
required !Page 13 of 35
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Product Selection Criteria
Yes No Don’t Know
P/N Ratio
Length of exposure? 9 19 0.5
Combined pressure & temperature rating? 20 8 2.5
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Corrosive Environments
Elastomeric Materials < 30 days exposureMaterial Temp,
º FEnvironmental Compatibility
H2S Oil Base/Diesel Completion
Light Brine Completion
Bromide Completion
Amine Inhibitors
AcidsMax
exposure
SolventsMax
exposure
High pH Fluids,pH > 10p p
time, hrsp
time, hrsp
Nitrile To 175 YES YES YES CaBr2 /NaBr2OK to 250ºF;NO for ZnBr2
YES 8 6 YES
400 6 4 24 hrs.
Viton To 200 YES YES YES YES YES 24 24 NO
350 NO 4 4
Aflas To 175 YES NO YES YES YES 48 4 YES
350 8 NO
Composites - H2S CO2 & H2O – blistering disbonding leaching
EPDM To 500 YES NO YES YES YES YES NO YES
Composites - H2S, CO2 & H2O – blistering, disbonding, leaching
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Best Practices - Product Selection
Optimal Product
Combined pressure & temperature rating.
Require database of installations.
Corrosive Environments - manufacturer estimates CP life
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CP Pressure RequirementqNegative
TestPositive
TestStimulation Flowback
PSI =7500 psi
PSI =7500 psi
PSI =7500 psi
PSI =7500 psi
ΔP = ΔP = ΔP = ΔP =
TOTAL PRESSURE AT PERFS, OR Pa
-9097 psi +4466 psi +3172 psi -7752 psi
The
4 S i M h d4 Scenario MethodLOWER ZONE OR "BOTTOM" PRESSURE, Pb
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Best PracticesCP Pressure Requirement
Optimal Product
CP - calculate using 4 Scenario Method.
CFP - positive test, zonal stimulation scenarios.
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Wellsite QA/QC – Survey Results
Documentation Required Yes No Don’t Know
P/N Ratio
Electric line setting tool servicing records? 22 5 1 4.4
Traceability - size, part number, serial number? 18 9 1 2
Pl di i ? 23 5 4 6Plug dimensions? 23 5 4.6
Pre-run checks - plug, setting tool, CCL? 23 4 1 5.8
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Wellsite QA/QC – Quick Check
Wireline setting / CCL tools – redress– Document!g
Brand st le rating color
CP – Document Everything!
Brand…style…rating…color
Dimensions
Traceability markings
Condition before RIHPage 20 of 35
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Best Practices - Wellsite QA/QC
ConsistentE tiExecution
Operators – drive this process - information & format
Check lists – manufacturer or service company.
Archive all available CP information
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Test Your PnP Knowledge…Answer to Trivia Question #1
Approximately how many composite plugs were run in the United States in calendar year 2010 ?
The answer is…
A 60,000 – 80,000
B 100 000 140 000B 100,000 – 140,000
C 160,000 – 200,000C 160,000 200,000
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Wellbore Prep – Survey Results
Power Users - wellbore preparation is a success factor
Bottom line … avoid sand in casing!
Rigid, Impermeable Steel Casing- tight grip and seal
Soft, Permeable Sand - poor grip and seal
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Options for Clean WellboreGUNS
CFP
FLOW
SETTING TOOL
SANDPUSHED
FLOW
Pump-Down Method
Coiled Tubing (CT)
Begin with End in Mind
SAND PUSHEDAHEAD OF PLUG
Remove debrisbetween stages
Method (CT)End in Mind
Intrinsic Advantage
Avoid Flowback Between Stages between stages
CT setting tools remove debris
Flow pushes sand ahead of
AdvantageBetween Stages
Size the flush to aid cleaning remove debris
CFPaid cleaning
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Best Practices - Wellbore Preparation p
OptimalOptimal Process
Execute stimulation job to prevent debris
Avoid flowback between stimulations
P d th d i t i i d tPump-down method - intrinsic advantage
Coiled tubing - if flowback between stages is usedg g
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Perforating Above CP – Survey
Is This a Best Practice ? Yes No Don’t Know
P/N Ratio
Perforate at least 75 ft. above plug? 8 15 4 0.5
Perforate at least 100 ft. above plug? 9 14 4 0.6
Use Shock-wave software to determinesafe perforating distance?
7 7 13 1
Use field experience and shock-wave 15 4 7 3 8Use field experience and shock-wavesoftware (S/W)?
15 4 7 3.8
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Shockwave Simulation Using S/Wg
Sample Simulation Using 5 ½” CPPage 27 of 35
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When CP Fails During Perforatingg g
Plug FailsWhen
Big $$$ When
Perforating$$$
Problem
F Fl idFrac Fluidsin
WrongZones
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Best Practices - Perforating Above CPg
Shock wave intensity gun length, rock stiffness, etc.
Simulate, then compare to plug rating
Pressure wave is bigger problem for CPs.
When possible, use software to make the decision
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Special Operational Situations
Is This a Best Practice? Risk Yes No
Don’t know
P/N Ratio
Tag plug with setting tool Stucksetting tool
15 13 1.2
Low fluid level wells Damage 20 8 2 5Low fluid level wells Damage plug
20 8 2.5
Is This a Best Practice? Yes No Don’t Know
P/N Ratio
S t l i f t d i j i t? 14 10 4 1 4Set plug in perforated casing joint? 14 10 4 1.4Set plug where packer had beenremoved?
14 9 5 1.6
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Tagging Plug with E-Line Setting Toolgg g g gAssume 5 ½” 20 ppf casing (ID = 4.778) & test pressure = 10,000 psi
ID area of casing = 17.93 in.2
17.93 in.2 x 10,000 psi = 179,300 lbs.-force
Setting tool + CCL + perf gun = 500 lbs
Partially set plug resists with 2 000 lbs force !Partially set plug resists with 2,000 lbs.-force !
Conclusion: 500 lbs. vs. 179,300 lbs. is NOT a valid testvalid test
Risk: Stuck E-Line tools and fishing job
Solution: Use a pressure test will confirm proper set
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Casing Irregularitiesg g
Plug Set in Casing Collar, Perforated, or Drilled-In casing joint …
Void at Collar
Void Compromises Rubber Seal
Same result…Any gross discontinuity in casing compromises plugPage 32 of 35
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Best PracticesSpecial Operational Situations
“Problem Casing”Problem Casing
Avoid collars, perforated or drilled-in casing, p g
Use pressure test to assess plug condition
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ReviewReview Plan for Success & Minimize Risk
1 Pick the right product.
2 Avoid over-pressuring the plug.
3 Emphasize documentation.p
4 Prepare the Wellbore.
5 Perforate for Plug Survival.
6 Avoid “Special Operational Situations”.Page 34 of 35
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End of PresentationEnd of Presentation
Thank You!
Thanks to the Management of ConocoPhillips &
Baker Hughes who provided support for SPE 142744.
Questions & Answers
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