Berwick
Dunbar
Capture of John Balliol 1296
EdinburghStirling
Montrose
Aberdeen
BanffElgin
Perth
Whilst Edward was invading Scotland King John had fled to Aberdeen
At Perth Edward received letters of submission from King John
8 July Balliol surrendered in person at Montrose
Toom Tabard
Balliol was then imprisoned in the Tower of London
Edward held a ceremony in which he:
• Renounced the treaty made with France
• Ripped Balliol’s royal crest from his jacket and threw it on the floor
• Toom Tabard – Empty Coat
• Removed Balliol’s crown
• Broke Balliol’s seal of office
What eventually became of Balliol
• After a request from the Pope he was sent to France in 1299
• 1301 he was released to live on his land in France
• Many Scots hoped he would return to Scotland
• However, he died in France in 1313
Edward takes control of Scotland
With Balliol in prison Robert Bruce asked Edward to make him King of Scots
Edward replied
Have we nothing else to do but win Kingdoms for you
Edward takes control of Scotland
Edward did 4 things to show he controlled Scotland
1. Ragman Roll
2000 important Scots were made to sign an oath of loyalty to Edward
Edward takes control of Scotland
2. Important Scots documents taken to England so Edward could rule Scotland
Edward takes control of Scotland
3. Symbols of Scottish Nationhood were taken to England
1) Stone of Destiny
Taken to Westminster Abbey
2) Holyrood of St Margaret
Taken to Westminster Abbey
Edward takes control of Scotland
4. English officials appointed to control Scotland
John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey – ‘Keeper of Scotland’
Hugh Cressingham – Treasurer (controlled finances)
Sir Walter of Amersham – Chancellor
Sir William Ormesby – Chief Justice