Download - BellRinger #XX
BellRinger #XX
Why do you think the Middle Ages are also called the Dark Ages?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZDe9DCx7Wk
Should they have really been called the “Dark Ages?”
A Review of Islam
Founded by Muhammad c. 570 in Arabia
Monotheistic religion that drew from Judaism and Christianity - Allah
Holy book is the Qur'an or KoranTeaches Muslims the 5 Pillars
Arab and Islamic Empires
Arabs conquered a large area, which extended from the Indus River to the north African coast of the Mediterranean, to Spain and southern France (632 and 732): they brought their language, their culture, and their religion to these territories, 50% of the once great Roman Empire.
Arab and Islamic Empires
Abu Bakr (UH-boo BAK-uhr)First Caliph
Successor Ruled according to the Qur’anMade Arabia a unified Muslim State
Muslim Armies Conquered Many Lands
Muslim Leaders turned their attention elsewhere
Persian Empire
Byzantine EmpireChristians and Jews could continue to practiceHowever, they had certain rules to follow
Beginnings of an Empire
Early Caliphs came from the Umayyad (oom-EYE-yuhd) familyMoved the capital to Damascus Took over lands in Central Asia and Northern
IndiaControlled trade in Eastern Mediterranean Conquered parts of N. Africa
Berbers resisted initially, then many converted
Growth of the Empire
In 711 Arab and Berber Army conquers SpainArmy continues to what is now France, but is defeated
by a Christian army near the city of ToursMoors ruled most of Spain for 700 years
In 749 a new Islamic dynasty, the Abbasids (uh-BAS-idz) gain powerReorganized the government making it easier to rule
Growth of the Empire Cont’d
Along with their goods, Arab merchants took Islamic beliefs to India, Africa, and South East Asia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LowP8zYHDYA
DO THE QUICK WRITE
Trade Helps to Spread Islam
Muslims generally practiced religious tolerance They did not ban all religions in their lands
Christians and Jews kept most of their rightsHad to pay a special taxForbidden from converting anyone
Many that were conquered converted to IslamCultures began to blend
Arabic languageIslam becomes a religion to many cultures
Language helped to unify
*A Mix of Cultures
Trade: brought people togethercreated wealthsupported cultural development
The process of growing or improving
*Growth of Cities
BaghdadCapital of Islamic Empire in 762Trade and farming made richCaliphs supported Science and arts
Center of culture and learning
CordobaBy early 900s was the largest & most advanced
city in Europe
*Growth of Cities Cont’d
Non-Arab Muslim groups built large powerful Empires in Europe, Asia, and Africa
Ottoman EmpireTurkish warriorsJanissaries – slave soldiers *VERY FIERCE
FIGHTERS*1453 Mehmed II (the Conqueror) Used
gunpowder to conquer ConstantinopleSpreads east through Anatolia (pg 365)Suleyman I (The Magnificent)
Empire reaches its height
Three Muslim Empires
The Safavid EmpirePersian Muslims (took over present day Iran)Came into conflict with Ottomans and other
MuslimsDisagreement about who should be Caliph
Mid-600s Islam splits into 2 groups Shia – Muhammad’s descendents should be CaliphSunni – Caliphs did not have to be related to
MuhammadOttomans were Sunnis and Safavids were Shia
Three Muslim Empires Cont’d
Began in 1501Safavid leader Esma’il conquered PersiaEsma’il takes Persian title Shah, or KingMade Shiism the official religion
He wanted to spread it further but failedLost to Ottomans
1588 greatest Safavid leader, ‘Abbas becomes ShahTook back lands lost to Ottomans
Safavids blend Persian and Muslim cultural traditionsEsfahan, the capital grew wealthy from trade
Built beautiful mosquesLasted until mid-1700s
The Safavid Empire Cont’d
East of the Safavid Empire, in northern India
Turkish Muslims from Central Asia
Established in 1526 by Babur (BAH-boohr)
Mid 1500s Akbar conquered new landsEnded tax on non-Muslims
Allowed Hindus and Muslims to live peacefully
The Mughal Empire
Unique culture blended Persian, Islamic, and
Hindu elements
Became known for their ArchitectureTaj Mahal
Tomb built by Shah Jahan
Late 1600s an emperor reversed Akbar’s policiesDestroyed Hindu templesRiots broke outMughal Empire soon fell apart
The Mughal Empire Cont’d
This is worth 20 pts!!You may work alone or with A PARTNER (this
means 1 other person)
Your map must include the following elements:The Ottoman Empire and capital (5 pts)The Safavid Empire and capital (5 pts)A Key that indicates expansion and the capitals (5
pts)Must be colorful and creative
*HINT: Use the maps from pages 365, 366, and 367 in your books
Islamic Empire Map