BEING A DIGITAL OPEN NETWORKED SCHOLAR FOR
LEARNING, RESEARCH & TEACHING
By Carina van RooyenPresentation to UJ Anthro and DEV on 28 October 2015
–Helen Beetham, JISC
“The digital is beginning to permeate our academic life, as print did in the
Renaissance ...digital literacy is about being aware of the vast array of resources available and being able to choose the most useful tool”
–Pearce, Weller, Scanlon et al 2010
“digital networks play a role in enabling the construction of unprecedented forms of
academic writing, scholarly reputation, peer review, research collaboration and even
alternative metrics of scholarly production. The individual researchers experiencing networked
activities in the open Web are also exposed to an extended culture of sharing, beyond the
discipline- and institution-bounded conventions and constraints.”
Source: Stewart 2015
OPEN EDUCATION Open scholarship
Open access Open licensing
Open education practices Open education resources
Open source Open data
Open research Open science
Open web Open knowledge
Source: Czerniewicz 2012a
http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/5535034664/sizes/o/in/photostream/
Source: http://media.coindesk.com/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-20-at-12.12.46.png
Source: Johnson et al 2015:2
Emerging roles & skills sets
Changing research dissemination strategies Changing research itself (e.g., digital humanities, data mining, etc.) Changing libraries Enabling a ‘culture of contribution’ Online content can be
changed annotated commented on updated interacted with
New technical areas (aggregration, analytics, etc.) Academic ‘reputation management’
Source: Czerniewicz 2012a
Source: Cormier & Stewart 2015
Source: Czerniewicz 2012a
OWN LEARNING & TEACHING
Source: Stewart 2015
“Connecting beyond content”
–Dave Cormier & Bonnie Stewart
Source: http://bonstewart.com/
Source: Cormier & Stewart 2015
Skill is king/ queen!
XSource: http://www.webdesignsingapore.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/seo-content-is-
king.jpg
Digital fluencies & literacies
Source: http://www.socialens.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/20110205_socialens_literacy_fluency.png
Source: Cormier & Stewart 2015
Source: Cormier & Stewart 2015
Source: http://www.sloveniatimes.com/modules/uploader/uploads/Aktualno/Podobe1/socialmedia.jpg
Use of Facebook by scholars taking part in Nature surveySource: Van N
oorden 2014
Use of ResearchGate by scholars taking part in Nature surveySource: Van N
oorden 2014
Use of Twitter by scholars taking part in Nature surveySource: Van N
oorden 2014
Source: http://ww
w.phdcomics.com
/comics/archive.php?com
icid=1737
HEMALI ON USING TWITTER IN TEACHING
RESEARCH
Scholarship!The knowledge creation & dissemination cycle
Conceptualisation
Data collection
Data analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
Elements at each stage of research cycle ! Social relations ! Audiences/users
! Scholar-scholar; Scholar-student; Scholar-community (industry, government, community)
! Forms of communication
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
Traditional scholarship: !the way we have been
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual frameworks Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
Traditional scholarship: !the way we have been
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual frameworks Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
Individual Private
Traditional scholarship: !the way we have been
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual frameworks Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
Not in a shareable form Possibly not digitised
Traditional scholarship: !the way we have been
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual frameworks Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
Stable authoritative text-based versions
Traditional scholarship: !the way we have been
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual frameworks Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
Clearly defined audiences
Traditional scholarship: !the way we have been
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual frameworks Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Source: Czerniewicz 2012a
Expensive textbooks Online resources access limited to
course students only
Changes in communication: communication occurs throughout the research cycle, not at the end
Traditional scholarship: !the way we have been
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual frameworks Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
Individual Private
Shared and shareable E.g., social
bookmarking
Social bookmarking
Youtube
Traditional scholarship: !the way we have been
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual frameworks Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations Lectures
Interviews
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
Not in a shareable form
Possibly not digitised Data not curated
Scholars collect data
Linked data Curated data
Shareable data Text mining
Big data Digital humanities
Crowd sourcing
data collection & analysis
21
Open%sharing%of%data%&%shared%analysis%
Traditional scholarship: !the way we have been
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual frameworks Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations Lectures
Interviews
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
findings
Dynamic multimodal versions, the rise of
rich media
New types of journals:“enhanced publication”
Rise of open access Journal publishing changing
E.g. PLOS One model
Stable authoritative text-based versions
Upload presentations S
ource: Czerniew
icz 2012b
audiences & dissemination
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual Frameworks
Literature Reviews Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations Lectures
Interviews
Student Community Scholar Clearly demarcated
audiences
Online content available to all
Digital scholarship: "what is happening now
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual Frameworks
Literature Reviews Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations Lectures
Interviews
Digital scholarship: "what is happening
Rise of open education
resources, open etextbooks
Clearly defined audiences
Changing audiences (e.g.,
life long learners, global
reach) Access to all
types of resources
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
Google Scholar
Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual Frameworks
Literature Reviews Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations Lectures
Interviews
Digital scholarship: "what is happening now
Expensive textbooks Online resources limited to course
students only
Rise of open education resources,
open etextbooks, open lectures, etc. Dynamic content
One to many Many to many engagement
Engagement & translation
Emergence of ALT metrics
(use, downloads, citations, etc.)
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012a
Slideshare
Traditional research communication cycle
Changing research communication cycle
CHALLENGES
Attitudes to openness online (Czerniewicz & Kell 2014)
• Culturally informed sense of personal modesty (not wanting to call attention to themselves)
• Ambivalence about the quality of their research (“being exposed”)
• Anxiety about having no control over how they might be represented on the internet
• Worry that others may steal their ideas/data (especially if still in gestational form)
• Fear of offending their research subjects, many of whom they might continue to encounter
• Concern for damaging one’s own reputation and can influence your future prospects
• Minimalist communications strategy
• Teaching- rather than research-oriented approach to scholarship (which speaks to one’s sense of academic identity, as a ‘teacher’ rather than a ‘researcher’)
Issue of self-promotion
Blurring of personal & professional (privacy issues)
Implications of careless use of social media
• Cautious about content
Time pressure
Target of attack
Speed of social media both its draw card, and a challenge
(Source: Lupton 2014)
Using social media
Source: http://msrayspsychicepisodes.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/i-need-an-expert-advice-600x420.jpg
• Accessible - free, equitable
• Digital etiquette - cyberbullying, flaming
• Privacy and confidentiality issues
• Intellectual property rights, licences, plagiarism
• Archiving online work
• Useful guide at http://www.edudemic.com/the-students-guide-to-proper-social-media-etiquette/
When using SM with students
Take control
• Digital footprint: content you create
• Digital shadow: content created about you
• Amount of information that individuals create themselves (digital footprint) is far less than the amount being generated about them (digital shadow)
Source: Czerniew
icz 2012b
What is your digital shadow?
Source: C
zerniewicz 2012b
LET’S DO!
1. Assess yourself
! Regular Google searches ! On-going Google alerts of your name
! Measure your digital footprint ! Altmetric ! Impactstory
! Also services such as Web of Knowledge or Scopus for scholarly publications & citations
Source: Czerniewicz 2012b
Social media analytics
Analyse the results
! How many of the results are relevant? ! What types of results come up?
! Are all of them from your institutions? ! Publications? ! Online profiles?
! If the results are obviously nothing to do with you, would that be obvious to someone else looking for you?
! Consider what you would like to appear
Source: Czerniewicz 2012b
2. Your profile/s
! Profiles: Personal and/or institutional
! Decide on a main profile ! Improve and maintain it ! Link the others
Adapted from Czerniewicz 2012b
Academia.edu
Google circles
3. Improve output availability
Source: Czerniewicz 2012b
http
://w
ww
.flic
kr.c
om/p
hoto
s/87
9137
76@
N00
/512
9607
997
CC
-BY
Go as open as you can ! Put journal articles you can online
! Check out Sherpa Romeo for publisher archiving policies ! Archive
! in repositories ! in subject portals and aggregators
! Publish in open access journals ! Majority of studies have shown an increase in citations arising
from open access ! Of the 35 studies surveyed, 27 have shown a citations advantage (the %
increase ranges from 45% increase to as high as 600%), 4 showing no advantage (Swan A (2010) The Open Access Citation Advantage: Studies and Results to Date. Available at http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/18516/)
! Open everything – all scholarly output possible (teaching, popular, etc.)
Source: Czerniewicz 2012b
Check the self-archiving agreement of existing journal articles
Source: Czerniewicz 2012b
Archive in open access repositories
Source: Czerniewicz 2012b
Publish in open access journals
Source: Czerniewicz 2012b
Upload videos & podcasts
Source: Czerniewicz 2012b
Slideshare
Blog
Keywords & tags
! Take metadata seriously
! Metadata refers to information that describes, explains, locates and otherwise makes it easier to retrieve, use or manage digital information
! Add tags, keywords or descriptions to a file you upload
Source: Czerniewicz 2012b
4. Communicate & connect
! Curate ! Twitter as hub of PLN ! Blog
! Single-authored or multiple-author blog (e.g., LSE blogs)?
! What blog about: updates on research, interesting links, commentary on current events, reports from conferences / seminars / book launch, repost from other blogs, thematic post with other bloggers
! Who are you blogging for?
Source: Czerniewicz 2012b
http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2011/09/26/blogging-to-print/
Source: Stewart 2014
Some sources
• Academics’ online presence: A four step guide to taking control of your visibility. http://openuct.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/Online%20Visibility%20Guidelines.pdf
• How to curate your digital identity as an academic. http://chronicle.com/article/How-to-Curate-Your-Digital/151001/?cid=at&utm_source=at&utm_medium=en
• Open content licensing: A three step guide for academics. By OpenUCT. http://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/12937/WillmersOpenLicensing2015.pdf ?sequence=3
• Using Twitter in university research, teaching, and impact activities: A guide for academics and researchers. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2011/09/29/twitter-guide/
• List of academic tweeters by subject area. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2011/09/02/academic-tweeters-your-suggestions-in-full/
Source: Davis 2014
• Cormier D & Stewart B 2014 Connecting beyond content: Education in abundance. Presentation to #mootca15. http://www.slideshare.net/bonstewart/connecting-beyond-content-education-in-abundance?from_action=save
• Czerniewicz L 2012a The changing scholarly communication and content landscape. Presentation to CHEC Board on 3 May
• Czerniewicz L 2012b Academics’ online presence: Assessing & sharing your visibility. Presentation in September
• Czerniewicz L & Kell C 2014 A framework for analysing research types and practices. Presentation to the 9th International conference on networked learning
• Davis V 2014 Innovate like-a-turtle: The mindset, tools and teaching tips to make this the best year ever. http://www.slideshare.net/coolcatteacher/innovate-likeaturtle-phms-mega-awesome-school-opener
• Johnson L, Adams Becker S, Estrada V & Freeman A 2015 NMC Horizon Report: 2015 Higher education edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium
• Lupton D 2014 ‘Feeling better connected’: Academics’ use of social media. http://www.canberra.edu.au/faculties/arts-design/attachements/pdf/n-and-mrc/Feeling-Better-Connected-report-final.pdf
• Stewart B 2014 Networked scholars & …authentic influence? Presentation at #elearninged at the University of Edinburgh
• Van Noorden R 2014 Online collaboration: Scientists and the social network. Nature http://www.nature.com/news/online-collaboration-scientists-and-the-social-network-1.15711?WT.mc_id=TWT_NatureNews
References