Download - Battalion 405
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
Risk Benefit Analysis
Go or No Go
You Make The Call!
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
10 Rules of Engagement for Structural Fire Fighting
Acceptability of Risk
1. No building or property is worth the life of a firefighter.
2. All interior fire fighting involves an inherent risk.
3. Some risk is acceptable, in a measured and controlled manner.
4. No level of risk is acceptable where there is no potential to save lives or savable property.
5. Fire fighters shall not be committed to interior offensive fire fighting operations in abandoned or derelictbuildings
Risk Assessment
1. All feasible measures shall be taken to limit or avoid risks through risk assessment by a qualified officer.
2. It is the responsibility of the incident commander to evaluate the level of risk in every situation.
3. Risk assessment is a continuous process for the entire duration of each incident.
4. If conditions change, and risk increases, change strategy and tactics.
5. No building or property is worth the life of a fire fighter.
10 Rules of Engagementfor Structural Fire Fighting
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
Risk Assessment/Rules of Engagement
Fire Fighter Injury/LifeSafety Risk
High Probability ofSuccess
Marginal Probability ofSuccess
Low Probability ofSuccess
Low RiskInitiate Offensive
operations. Continue tomonitor risk factors
Initiate Offensiveoperations. Continue to
monitor risk factors
Initiate Offensiveoperations. Continue to
monitor risk factors
Medium Risk
Initiate offensiveoperations. Continue to
monitor risk factors.Employ all available risk
control operations
Initiate offensiveoperations. Continue tomonitor risk factors. Be
prepared to go defensiveif risk increases
Do not initiate offensiveoperations. Reduce risk
to fire fighters andactively pursue riskcontrol operations
High Risk
Initiate offensiveoperations only with
confirmation of realisticpotential to saveendangered lives.
Do not initiate offensiveoperations that will putfire fighters at risk for
injury or fatality
Initiate defensiveoperations only
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS
At a minimum the risk analysis for astructure fire shall consider:
Building Characteristics
Construction type and size
Structural condition
Occupancy and contents
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Fire Factors
Location and extent of the fire
Estimated time of involvement
What are smoke conditions telling us
Risk to Building Occupants
Known or probable occupants
Occupant survival assessment
Firefighting Capabilities
Available resources
Operational capabilities and limitations
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Everyone is familiar with the saying-there is afine line between aggressiveness andrecklessness.
This is the gray area ofrisk management
decision making that ALL of us are responsiblefor.
Some risks we can avoid some risks we canpass off to other agencies, and some we have to
face. We do work in a dangerous profession, but onethat demands effective management of risk.
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
Aggressiveness is a relative term and each ofus has a different tolerance level.
Over aggressiveness is not a reflection of
manhood, machismo, professionalism,bravery or courage.
Controlled and managed aggression; inconcert with proper incident analysis and risk
managementdecision making by each of you,is a direct reflection of your dedication,professionalism, and determination to do agood job.
RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS
The FRD is in theprocess of developinga template forconducting a RiskBenefit Analysis.
These are considerationsall personnel shouldutilize for training andreview.
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
When conducting a Risk Benefit
Analysis you MUST consider and answer the following
questions:
BUILDING CHARACTERISTICSo What is the construction type and the approximate size?o What is the condition of the structure?
Occupied or vacant?o What is the occupancy type?
What are the contents of the structure?o What is the interior fire spread problem?o What is the exterior fire spread problem?o What additional resources may be needed?o What are the exposures and do they present a problem?
FIRE FACTORSo What is the location and extent of the fire?o How long has it been burning?
Estimated time of involvemento What are the smoke conditions telling you?o Where will the fire be in 510 minutes if your not making
any progress
RISK TO BUILDING OCCUPANTSo Are there known or probable occupants?
Where are the people? How do we get them? How do we protect them? Are you doing a blind or focused search?
o Whats your occupant survival assessment?o What is the primary life hazard location?o What is the time of day for this event?
Early morning, mid-afternoon or night? FIREFIGHTING CAPABILITIES
o What are your available resources? What units are on the scene? What activities are completed and what are underway? What units are en-route?
Are they the normal units or has it changed?o Where is the first attack line going too deployed?o Where the second or back-up line should be deployed?o What are your operational capabilities and limitations? o What additional resources may be needed?o Are there any safety concerns?
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
Two-In, Two-Out
What
does itmean toYou?
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
Two-In, Two-Out
The term two-in, two-out refers toincident scene operations where theminimum numberof firefighters (two) may
enter an IDLH while a minimum number offirefighters (two) remain outside the IDLHarea as thestandby teamto monitor the
activity of the interior crew and effectrescue if necessary.
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
Two-In, Two-Out
This minimumnumber appliesduring the initialstages of operations
and may beincreased, but neverdecreased, unless
justifiedby the unitofficer in charge (OIC)based on aknownorperceivedlife hazard.
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
Everyoneis out of
thehouse!
Are you going to do a blind search?
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue DepartmentFairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
It is imperative that all firefighters operating within anyhazardous area always operate in teams of two or moreto maintain constant communication with each teammember through:
Visual
Audible
Physical
Safety device Maintain close proximity to each other to provide
assistance in case of an emergency.
Two-In, Two-Out
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
Two-In, Two-Out
Officers must apply effective size upskillsbefore committing a crew with lessthen four members on-scene.
Ifindicators of life hazardare present,rescue and support functions may beinitiated.
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Go or No-Go, You Make The Call!
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
Go or No-Go,
You Make the Call!
What you need to do:
Identify the construction features of the building thatwill help to increase or decrease fire spread.
List any construction features that may impact thesafety of crews operating in or around the building.
Identify size-up information.
What does the situation tell you?
What is theBenefitto be gained by taking theRisk?
Is this a Go or No Go situation?
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
You Make The Call!
Identify the constructionfeatures of the building that willhelp to increase or decreasefire spread.
List any construction features
that may impact the safety ofcrews operating in or aroundthe building.
Identify size-up information.What does the situation tellyou?
What is the Benefitto begained by taking the Risk?
Is this a Go or No Gosituation?
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
You Make The Call!
Identify the constructionfeatures of the building that willhelp to increase or decreasefire spread.
List any construction features
that may impact the safety ofcrews operating in or aroundthe building.
Identify size-up information.What does the situation tellyou?
What is the Benefitto begained by taking the Risk?
Is this a Go or No Gosituation?
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
You Make The Call!
Identify the constructionfeatures of the building that willhelp to increase or decreasefire spread.
List any construction features
that may impact the safety ofcrews operating in or aroundthe building.
Identify size-up information.What does the situation tellyou?
What is the Benefitto begained by taking the Risk?
Is this a Go or No Gosituation?
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
You Make The Call!
Identify the constructionfeatures of the building that willhelp to increase or decreasefire spread.
List any construction features
that may impact the safety ofcrews operating in or aroundthe building.
Identify size-up information.What does the situation tellyou?
What is the Benefitto begained by taking the Risk?
Is this a Go or No Gosituation?
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
You Make The Call!
Identify the constructionfeatures of the building that willhelp to increase or decreasefire spread.
List any construction features
that may impact the safety ofcrews operating in or aroundthe building.
Identify size-up information.What does the situation tellyou?
What is the Benefitto begained by taking the Risk?
Is this a Go or No Gosituation?
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
You Make The Call!
Identify the constructionfeatures of the building that willhelp to increase or decreasefire spread.
List any construction features
that may impact the safety ofcrews operating in or aroundthe building.
Identify size-up information.What does the situation tellyou?
What is the Benefitto begained by taking the Risk?
Is this a Go or No Gosituation?
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
You Make The Call!
Identify the constructionfeatures of the building that willhelp to increase or decreasefire spread.
List any construction features
that may impact the safety ofcrews operating in or aroundthe building.
Identify size-up information.What does the situation tellyou?
What is the Benefitto begained by taking the Risk?
Is this a Go or No Gosituation?
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
You Make The Call!
Identify the constructionfeatures of the building that willhelp to increase or decreasefire spread.
List any construction features
that may impact the safety ofcrews operating in or aroundthe building.
Identify size-up information.What does the situation tellyou?
What is the Benefitto begained by taking the Risk?
Is this a Go or No Gosituation?
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
You Make The Call!
Identify the constructionfeatures of the building that willhelp to increase or decreasefire spread.
List any construction features
that may impact the safety ofcrews operating in or aroundthe building.
Identify size-up information.What does the situation tellyou?
What is the Benefitto begained by taking the Risk?
Is this a Go or No Gosituation?
Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
You Make The Call!
Identify the constructionfeatures of the building that willhelp to increase or decreasefire spread.
List any construction features
that may impact the safety ofcrews operating in or aroundthe building.
Identify size-up information.What does the situation tellyou?
What is the Benefitto begained by taking the Risk?
Is this a Go or No Gosituation?
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS
We should never take short cuts becausewe feel it is a nothing call. If we habitually
lay out supply lines, pull attack lines, wear
our PPE properly, carry all the tools, chockthe doors open, ladder the windows forfirefighter egress, then we will not be
caught by surprise if the situationdeteriorates.
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Complacencykillsfirefighters!
When we let our guard down weallow the situation to control us.
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Where do we fail on the emergency scene?
Lack of strong and visible command.
Failure to control the actions at the scene.
Failure to coordinate the use of resources. Breakdown in the communications process.
These are all contributing factors to a line of dutydeath!
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Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
Dont Become a Statistic