Chapter 4Retrieval Tools for
Literature
objectivesInformation retrieval Tools
◦ Catalogue◦ Index◦ Registers◦ Online databases
Medical Databases◦ Secondary Publications
Models of retrievals◦ Keyword searching◦ Boolean searching◦ Proximity searching◦ Citation searchingDatabase and structure Knowledge
Information Retrieval Tools
Are the Systems created for retrieval of information.
Retrieval tools are essential as basic building blocks for a system that will organize recorded information that is collected by libraries, archives, museums, etc......
Basic Retrieval Tools
CatalogsIndexes BibliographiesRegistersOnline DatabasesSecondary publications
Catalogueoriginating in ancient times also Catalogs provide access to individual
items within collections of information sources (books, videocassettes, computer files, etc......
Contains physical description, classification, and subject analysis.
Access points are determined, subject headings are assigned, and authority control terms are applied.
e.g. OPAC –(online Public Access Catalogue)of SMU Library,
NLM- national Library of Medicine.
Book catalogue each publisher has
its own set of ISBNs, ordering information, and relevant currency pricing
description of catalogue Format
is constructed with predetermined standard format and rules◦AACR2◦GILS.◦ Dublin Core
AACR2(Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules) -Used in library, archives, and some museum
collections.AACR and its allied products are
published jointly by the American Library Association, the Canadian Library Association, and the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals.
.
GILS -Government Information Locator ServiceUsed for some government
information.Locators used for the linking
◦Locator - an information resource that identifies other information resources, describes the information available in those resources, and provides assistance in obtaining the information.
It is typically modeled as a database of locator records, each of which is a set of related data elements descriptive of various characteristics of an information resource.
Locator also called metadata, abstracts, meta-information, directories etc.....
Dublin Core
for some internet information sources.Metadata, xml, rdfn formats and other
models,The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
(DCMI)HTML or XHTML , RDF/XML RDF (Resource Description
Framework
Forms of Catalogues
BookCardCOM (Computer Output
Microform)OPAC (Online Public Access
Catalog)
Arrangements of Catalogs
AlphabeticallyAuthorsTitlesSubject Numerically.(numerical and alfanumericals)According to published date/year
Subject analysis.Classification
◦Subject analysis.
◦Classification Scheme (i.e. Dewey Decimal
Classification System of the Library of Congress Classification System.
IndexesProvide access to the analyzed
contents of "bibliographic entities“i.e. articles in a journal, short stories in
a collection, etc......Indexes are not limited to what is
available in a local setting, and they do not usually give location information
Indexes are available in print, CD-ROM, or on-line.
Indexes are arranged in alphabetical order with entries offered for authors, titles, and subjects.
There is not a standard of arrangement, organization, or online searching.
Index Medicus –well developed index journal.
Bibliographic databases contains references to published
literature, Reference include journal and newspaper
articles, conference proceedings and papers, reports, government and legal publications, patents, books, etc
Bibliographic databases are machine-readable form of indexes and abstracts.
Basically computerized secondary (index) journals.
started in early 60’s. Database contains bibliographic information
◦ title of article, journal name, author, date of publication, volume #, issue, page #, etc.) about various types of publications and formats (print, video, audio, software, etc.).
Advantages in Bibilographic database
–searching instead of browsing,–searching through long periods of time instead of one issue.Index Medicus of the National Library of Medicine and the Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA
RegistersThe primary control tools for museums, also
referred to as an accession log.Registers function like catalogs, although
they have additional kinds of access points, such as the identification of the object, the donor, a history of association
(i.e. where or with whom previously owned the item) and any insurance related information.
An identification number (accession number) is assigned.
The accession record becomes one or more files that help to provide organization to a museum's collection.
Secondary publications•The oldest of “modern” information tools. •Designed to help users find primary documents.•“Pointers” to primary documents were bibliographic records.
Users were directed to
bibliographic records
◦ –from abstracts of primary documents
(abstract journals),
◦ –from subject description of primary
documents with key-words or key-phrases
(index journals).