Download - Basic PC Hardware Parts & Peripherals
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Basic PC HardwareBasic PC Hardware
Parts & PeripheralsParts & Peripherals
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Basic PC Hardware Parts & PeripheralsBasic PC Hardware Parts & Peripherals
Input Devices
Output Devices
External peripherals
System Unit
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Display Technology
Often referred to as a monitorwhen packaged in a
separate case, the display is the most-used output deviceon a computer. The display provides instant feedback by
showing you text and graphic images as you work or play.
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Display Technology
CRT screen size LCD screen size
Most desktop displays use liquid crystal display (LCD) or
cathode ray tube (CRT) technology, while nearly all portable computingdevices such as laptops incorporate LCD technology. Because of their
slimmer design and lower energy consumption, monitors using LCD
technology (also called flat panel orflat screen displays) are replacing
the venerable CRT on most desktops.
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Display Technology
Resolution refers to the number of individual dots of color, known
as pixels, contained on a display. Resolution is expressed by identifyingthe number of pixels on the horizontal axis (rows) and the number on
the vertical axis (columns), such as 800x600. Resolution is affected by a
number of factors, including the size of the screen.
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MOTHERBOARDMOTHERBOARD
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MOTHERBOARDMOTHERBOARDMotherboards have come a long way in the last twenty years.
The first motherboards held very few actual components. The first IBMPC motherboard had only a processorand card slots. Users plugged
components like floppy drive controllers and memory into the slots.
Today, motherboards typically boast a wide variety of built-in
features, and they directly affect a computer's capabilities and potential
for upgrades. In this lecture we'll look at the general components of a
motherboard. Then, we'll closely examine five points that dramatically
affect what a computer can do.
Sockets and CPUs
The CPU is the first thing that comes to mind when many peoplethink about a computer's speed and performance. The faster the
processor, the faster the computer can think. In the early days of PC
computers, all processors had the same set of pins that would connect
the CPU to the motherboard, called the Pin Grid Array (PGA). These
pins fit into a socket layout called Socket 7. This meant that any
processor would fit into any motherboard
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MOTHERBOARDMOTHERBOARD
Today, however, CPU manufacturers Inteland AMD use a variety of PGAs, none of
which fit into Socket 7. As microprocessors
advance, they need more and more pins,
both to handle new features and to provide
more and more power to the chip.
Current socket arrangements are often named for the number of pins in
the PGA. Commonly used sockets are:
Socket 478 - for older Pentium and Celeron processorsSocket 754 - for AMD Sempron and some AMD Athlon processors
Socket 939 - for newer and faster AMD Athlon processors
Socket AM2 - for the newest AMD Athlon processors
Socket A - for older AMD Athlon processors
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Central Processing Unit -Central Processing Unit -
CPUCPU
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Central Processing Unit -Central Processing Unit -
CPUCPUMicroprocessor Logic
To understand how a microprocessor works, it is helpful to
look inside and learn about the logic used to create one. In the
process you can also learn about assembly language -- the nativelanguage of a microprocessor -- and many of the things that engineers
can do to boost the speed of a processor.
A microprocessor executes a collection of machine instructions
that tell the processor what to do. Based on the instructions, amicroprocessor does three basic things:
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Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit -
CPUCPUMicroprocessor Logic
Using its ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit), a microprocessor can perform
mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division. Modern microprocessors contain complete floating pointprocessors that can perform extremely sophisticated operations on
large floating point numbers.
A microprocessor can move data from one memory location to
another.
A microprocessor can make decisions and jump to a new set of
instructions
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Expansion SlotsExpansion Slots
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PCI ExpressPCI Express
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AGP AcceleratedAGP Accelerated
Graphics PortGraphics Port
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MemoryMemory
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Double Data Rate - DDRAMDouble Data Rate - DDRAM
Standardname
Memoryclock
Cycletime
I/O Busclock
Data transfers persecond
Modulename
Peak transferrate
DDR-200 100 MHz 10 ns 100 MHz 200 Million PC-1600 1600 MB/s
DDR-266 133 MHz 7.5 ns 133 MHz 266 Million PC-2100 2100 MB/s
DDR-300 150 MHz 6.67 ns 150 MHz 300 Million PC-2400 2400 MB/s
DDR-333 166 MHz 6 ns 166 MHz 333 Million PC-2700 2700 MB/s
DDR-400 200 MHz 5 ns 200 MHz 400 Million PC-3200 3200 MB/s
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Synchronous Dynamic RAM -Synchronous Dynamic RAM -
SDRAMSDRAM
DDR SDRAM (double data rate synchronous dynamic random
access memory) is a class of memory integrated circuit used in computers. Itachieves nearly twice the bandwidth of the preceding [single data rate] SDRAM by
double pumping (transferring data on the rising and falling edges of the
clock signal) without increasing the clock frequency.
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Single In-line Memory Module -Single In-line Memory Module -
SIMMSIMM
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Dual In-line Memory Module -Dual In-line Memory Module -
DIMMDIMM
For use in PCs, DDR2 SDRAM is supplied in DIMMs
with 240 pins and a single locating notch. DIMMs areidentified by their peak transfer capacity (often called
bandwidth).
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Flash MemoryFlash Memory
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Flash MemoryFlash Memory
Just about any computerthat you buy today comes with
one or more Universal Serial Bus connectors on the back. TheseUSB connectors let you attach everything from mice to printers to
your computer quickly and easily.
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CardsCards
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Video CardsVideo Cards
VidVid
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VideoVideo
CardsCards
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Sound CardsSound Cards
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DrivesDrives
A hard disk drive (HDD), commonly referred to as a hard drive,
hard disk orfixed disk drive,[1] is a non-volatile storage device which
stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic
surfaces. Strictly speaking, "drive" refers to a device distinct from its
medium, such as a tape drive and its tape, or a floppy disk drive and itsfloppy disk. Early HDDs had removable media; however, an HDD today is
typically a sealed unit (except for a filtered vent hole to equalize air
pressure) with fixed media
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Hard Disk Drives - HDDHard Disk Drives - HDD
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Power SupplyPower Supply
One of the most important connections in the PC is that
between the power supply and the motherboard.
The two "AT style" power connectors, P8 (left) and P9.On the PC/XT, pin #2 of P8 is left unconnected.
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Automatic Voltage Regulator - AVRAutomatic Voltage Regulator - AVR
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Automatic Voltage Regulator - AVRAutomatic Voltage Regulator - AVR
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Automatic Voltage Regulator - AVRAutomatic Voltage Regulator - AVR
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UPS Un-interruptible PowerUPS Un-interruptible Power
SupplySupply
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External DevicesExternal Devices
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SpeakersSpeakers
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MouseMouse
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MouseMouse
Every day of your computing life, you reach out for yourmouse
whenever you want to move your cursor or activate something. Your
mouse senses your motion and your clicks and sends them to thecomputer so it can respond appropriately.
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KeyboardKeyboard
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KeyboardKeyboard
A keyboard's primary function is to act as an input device.
Using a keyboard, a person can type a document, use keystroke
shortcuts, access menus, play games and perform a variety of other
tasks.
A keyboard is a lot like a miniature computer. It has its own
processor and circuitry that carries information to and from that
processor. A large part of this circuitry makes up the key matrix.
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HUBHUB
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HUBHUB
Routers
The Internet is one of the 20th century's greatest communications
developments. It allows people around the world to send e-mail to one
another in a matter of seconds. They are specialized computers that send
your messages and those of every other Internet user speeding to theirdestinations along thousands of pathways.
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