Download - Barbados proposal as a BSRN site
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Barbados Cloud
Observatory
Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie
Hamburg
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Barbados ? in the tropics over the oceans !
objective: long-term obs. of trade-wind cumulus
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model biases in TOA budget
MORE energy losses to space LESS
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clouds in global modeling
• larger problems over oceans (fewer obs)
• mainly a low altitude cloud problem
• underestimates of cloud rad. effects – stratocumulus off west continents (cold waters)
– high latitudes (SH!) (- lack of supercooled water )
– over central China
• overestimates of cloud rad. effects
– over tropical oceans (e.g. trade wind cumulus)
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more losses? clouds too bright !
brighter clouds darker
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cloud representation in modeling
• larger problems over oceans (fewer obs)
• mainly a low altitude cloud problem
• underestimates – stratocumulus off west continents (cold waters)
– (roaring 40ties) over southern oceans
– over central China
• overestimates (to compensate)
– over tropical oceans (e.g. trade wind cumulus)
trade-wind cumulus
- short lifetime (hours)
- often optically thin
- often top sheared
sub-scale clouds in global modeling (parameterizations!)
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what is being done
• better models
– higher resolution (still +50km in global models)
– improved parameterizations from process
understanding with high res. local models
need for better & detailed data
• new observations
– active remote sensing (radar and lidar)
• from space (Cloudsat, Calispso, EarthCare …)
• long-term ground observations (DOE & Barbados)
• mainly a low altitude cloud problem
• underestimates
– stratocumulus off west continents (colder waters)
– (roaring 40ties) over southern oceans
– over central China
• overestimates (to compensate)
– trade wind and tropical regions
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The MPI-Barbados ‘colony‘
U.Miami site
MPI site
tower
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Barbados - cloud & environment monitoring
• 35 GHz radar (vertical, no scan anymore)
• RAMAN lidar (aerosol, T, vapor-night)
• wind lidar (vertical wind)
• microwave rain radars
• ceilometer (Jen-Optik)
• cloud camera
• BB-radiation (since 2015)
• plus existing instruments at ‘Ragged Point’ – AERONET sun-photometer, MPL-lidar, tower,
ground in-situ sampling (40yrs dust deposition)
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‘ragged point’ site
NOAA / NASA
backscatter
lidar
(since 2005)
CIMEL
sun-
photo-
Meter
(since 2000)
aerosol samples
at the ground (since 1970)
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Barbados site (BCO)
hot hot hot … !! suddenly
wet !
in operation since April 2010
and a lot of seasalt
and rust
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Barbados Cloud and radiation Observatory
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BB radiation
• std KIPP and ZONEN instrumentation
– pyrheliometer
– pyranometer
– pyranometer shaded
– pyrgeometer
• now (Apr 2016) data for an entire year
– compare monthly averages !
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NOAA (15N / 51W)
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NOAA vs Barbados (BCO)
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NOAA and BCO vs simple modeling
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clouds and radiation
identify clouds (outside sun direction)
… and link observed cloud-fields to radiation
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Current results
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Barbados: a BSRN site ? !
• site name
– site description info (barbados.zmaw.de) ?
– naming of site (suggest ‘BCO’) ?
• data
– how to prepare data (conversion) ?
– how quickly available (within days? months?)
– regular calibration,,, if yes: how?
– ancillary data (met data …) ?