UNIT 5 LESSON 2-B
Bacteria Infections and how it spreads,
Key Terms
Infection Contagious or communicable disease (P) Local Infection General Infection Asymptomatic Carrier Virus Human Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
InfectionOccurs when disease-producing (pathogenic) bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state.
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• Contagious or communicable disease– Can be transmitted from person to
person through touch or through the air
Bloodborne pathogens are disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through blood or body fluids
Local •Small, confined area
•Pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area
General • All parts of the body (systemic)
• Circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins
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Infection
Common ways of spreading infection in the salon:• Open sores• Unclean hands and implements• Coughing or sneezing• Common use of drinking cups and towels• Use of same implements on infected
areas and noninfected areas• Unsanitary salon conditions
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Infection
Asymptomatic Carrier• Carries disease but shows NO
SYMPTOMS
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Infection
1. Staphylococci
Most common human bacteria; can be picked up on door knobs, countertops, by hand shaking, or unclean implements
Viruses
• Sub-microscopic particles; much smaller than bacteria
• Cause familiar diseases like the common cold, measles, hepatitis, HIV
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Dear Mrs.
Jones,
Sally will not b
e in
school today because
she has the m
easles.
Sue Swanson
Viruses
Human Hepatitis B (HBV)
• Highly infectious disease that infects the liver
• Vaccine-preventable disease
• Personal service workers are often asked to be vaccinated
• Unlike HIV , Hepatitis can live on a surface outside the body for long periods of time
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Hepatitis A
Illness lasts about 3 weeks. Symptoms similar to flu; may cause
yellowing of skin and eyes in adults. Spread through close contact; poor
sanitation and personal hygiene, contaminated food, milk, water, and shellfish; infected food handlers; sexual contact.
A vaccine is available.
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Can cause long-term hepatitis, effects the liver .
There may be no symptoms or flulike symptoms. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact or blood transfusions or when infected needles are shared.
A vaccine is available.
Hepatitis C (HCV)
Progresses slowly; about one-third of those with the illness show no symptoms. When symptoms exist they include fatigue and stomach pain.
It is also transferable through parenteral contact and sexual activity with infected partners.
No vaccine is available.
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV, are called bloodborne pathogens
Viruses
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)• Caused by HIV
• Affects the body’s natural immune system
• Spreads by body fluids entering blood stream of uninfected individual
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HIV passed through blood and body fluids through:a. unprotected sexual contact b. sharing of needles with infected drug
users c. accidents with needles in health care
facilities d. cuts and sores
Could occur from sharp implements in the salon; however there are no documented reports of such transmission.
Methods that DO NOT transmit the HIV
a. hand holding b. hugging c. kissing d. sharing food or household items
Like telephones or toilet seats. There are no documented cases of the virus being transmitted by food handlers, insects, or casual contact.
Key Terms External Parasites Parasitic fungi Tinea Barbae Nail Fungus Parasitic mites (insects) Animal parasites Pediculosis capitis Scabies Natural Immunity Passive Immunity
External ParasitesOrganisms that live on or obtain nutrients from another organism
• Parasitic fungi (molds and yeasts)– Produce contagious diseases such as
ringworm, honeycomb ringworm and nail fungus
– Produce noncontagious conditions such as dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis• Parasitic mites (insects)
– Produce contagious diseases such as itch mites and head lice
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Tinea barbae (barber’s itch) can be caused from unclean clippers.
Nail fungus can be spread by unclean
implements or not preparing the nail plate before applying enhancement products.
External Parasites
• Transmitted directly from one person to another or by contact with articles that have come in contact with an infested person
• Accompanied by head scratching, redness or small bite marks on the scalp
• Controlled by pediculicide shampoo
Head Lice /Pediculosis Capitis
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Animal parasites
Responsible for contagious diseases. A parasite carried by mosquito causes
malaria. Insects that carry diseases from one person
to another are known as. disease vectors.
The itch mite burrows under skin Scabies is another contagious skin disease
caused by the itch mite
Professionals prevent the spread of contagions (fungi, bacteria and mites) through proper disinfection procedures
External Parasites
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ImmunityAbility of the body to destroy
infectious agents that enter the body
Natural Immunity
• Partially inherited• Natural resistance
to disease• Production of white
blood cells and antitoxins by body
• Skin is first line of defense
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Passive Immunity
• Acquired immunity• Injection of
antigens stimulates the body’s immune response